(1987) Synästhesie als Metapher. Folia Linguistica, 21, 155–190.
Agapakis, C. M., & Tolaas, S.
(2012) Smelling in multiple dimensions. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 16, 569–575.
Ahlner, F., & Zlatev, J.
(2010) Cross-modal iconicity: A cognitive semiotic approach to sound symbolism. Sign Systems Studies, 1, 298–348.
Akpinar, E. & Berger, J.
(2015) Drivers of cultural success: The case of sensory metaphors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109, 20–34.
Alais, D., & Burr, D.
(2004) The ventriloquist effect results from near-optimal bimodal integration. Current Biology, 14, 257–262.
Alivisatos, A., Jacobson, G., Hendler, T., Malach, R., & Zohary, E.
(2002) Convergence of visual and tactile shape processing in the human lateral occipital cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 12, 1202–1212.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K.
(2006) Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Anaki, D., & Henik, A.
(2017) Bidirectionality in synesthesia and metaphor. Poetics Today, 38, 141–161.
Amassian, V. E., Cracco, R. Q., Maccabee, P. J., Cracco, J. B., Rudell, A., & Eberle, L.
(1989) Suppression of visual perception by magnetic coil stimulation of human occipital cortex. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 74, 458–462.
Amsel, B. D., Urbach, T. P., & Kutas, M.
(2012) Perceptual and motor attribute ratings for 559 object concepts. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 1028–1041.
Ankerstein, C. A., Pereira, G. M.
(2013) Talking about taste: Starved for words. In C. Gerhardt, M. Frobenius, & S. Ley (Eds.), Culinary linguistics: The chef’s special (pp. 305–315). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Anderson, M. L.
(2003) Embodied cognition: A field guide. Artificial Intelligence, 149, 91–130.
de Araujo, I. E., Rolls, E. T., Kringelbach, M. L., McGlone, F., & Phillips, N.
(2003) Taste-olfactory convergence, and the representation of the pleasantness of flavour, in the human brain. European Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 2059–2068.
Arshamian, A., & Larsson, M.
(2014) Same same but different: the case of olfactory imagery. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 34.
Athanasopoulos, P., & Bylund, E.
(2013) Does grammatical aspect affect motion event cognition? A cross‐linguistic comparison of English and Swedish speakers. Cognitive Science, 37, 286–309.
Auvray, M., & Spence, C.
(2008) The multisensory perception of flavor. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 1016–1031.
Baayen, R. H., & del Prado Martín, F. M.
(2005) Semantic density and past-tense formation in three Germanic languages. Language, 81, 666–698.
Baccianella, S., Esuli, A., & Sebastiani, F.
(2010) SentiWordNet 3.0: An enhanced lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 10, 2200–2204.
Backhouse, A. E.
(1994) The lexical field of taste: a semantic study of Japanese taste terms. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bagli, M.
(2016) “Shaking off so good a wife and so sweet a lady”: Shakespeare’s use of taste words. Journal of Literary Semantics, 45, 141–159.
(1950) The pattern of language. The Journal of General Psychology, 42, 25–66.
Barcelona, A.
(2003) On the plausibility of claiming a metonymic motivation for conceptual metaphor. In A. Barcelona (Ed.), Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads (pp. 31–58). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. [URL].
Barcelona, A.
(2008) Metonymy is not just a lexical phenomenon: On the operation of metonymy in grammar and discourse. In C. Alm-Arvius, N., Johannesson, & D. C. Minugh (Eds.), Selected Papers from the Stockholm 2008 Metaphor Festival (pp. 3–42). Stockholm: Stockholm University Press.
Barrós-Loscertales, A., González, J., Pulvermüller, F., Ventura-Campos, N., Bustamante, J. C., Costumero, V., Parcet, M. A., & Ávila, C.
(2011) Reading salt activates gustatory brain regions: fMRI evidence for semantic grounding in a novel sensory modality. Cerebral Cortex, 22, 2554–2563.
Barsalou, L. W.
(1999) Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577–660.
Barsalou, L. W., Santos, A., Simmons, W. K., & Wilson, C. D.
(2008) Language and simulation in conceptual processing. In M. De Vega, A. M. Glenberg, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Symbols, embodiment, and meaning (pp. 245–283). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Barsalou, L. W.
(2008) Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645.
Barten, S. S.
(1998) Speaking of music: The use of motor-affective metaphors in music instruction. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 32, 89–97.
Bartley, S. H.
(1953) The perception of size or distance based on tactile and kinesthetic data. The Journal of Psychology, 36, 401–408.
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S.
(2015a) lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1–9.
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S.
(2015b) Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1–48.
(1969) Synästhesie und das Problem sprachlicher Universalien. Zeitschrift für deutsche Sprache, 25, 1–20.
Basbaum, A. I., Bautista, D. M., Scherrer, G., & Julius, D.
(2009) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain. Cell, 139, 267–284.
Bednarek, M. A.
(2008) Semantic preference and semantic prosody re-examined. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 4, 119–139.
Bergen, B. K.
(2007) Experimental methods for simulation semantics. In M. Gonzalez-Marquez, I. Mittelberg, S. Coulson, & M. J. Spivey (Eds.), Methods in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 277–301). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bergen, B. K.
(2012) Louder than words: The new science of how the mind makes meaning. New York: Basic Books.
Berglund, B., Berglund, U., Engen, T., & Ekman, G.
(1973) Multidimensional analysis of twenty-one odors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 14, 131–137.
Berlin, B.
(2006) The first congress of ethnozoological nomenclature. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 12, S23–S44.
Berlin, B., & O’Neill, J. P.
(1981) The pervasiveness of onomatopoeia in Aguaruna and Huambisa bird names. Journal of Ethnobiology, 1, 238–261.
Berlin, B., & Kay, P.
(1969) Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bhushan, N., Rao, A. R., & Lohse, G. L.
(1997) The texture lexicon: Understanding the categorization of visual texture terms and their relationship to texture images. Cognitive Science, 21, 219–246.
Birch, J.
(2012) Worldwide prevalence of red-green color deficiency. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 29, 313–320.
Blake, R., Sobel, K. V., & James, T. W.
(2004) Neural synergy between kinetic vision and touch. Psychological Science, 15, 397–402.
Blasi, D. E., Wichmann, S., Hammarström, H., Stadler, P. F., & Christiansen, M. H.
(2016) Sound-meaning association biases evidenced across thousands of languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 10818–10823.
Boroditsky, L., & Ramscar, M.
(2002) The roles of body and mind in abstract thought. Psychological Science, 13, 185–188.
Bottini, R. & Casasanto, D.
(2010) Implicit spatial length modulates time estimates, but not vice versa. In S. Ohlsson, & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1348–1353). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Box, G. E.
(1979) Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building. Robustness in Statistics, 1, 201–236.
Bremner, A. J., Caparos, S., Davidoff, J., de Fockert, J., Linnell, K. J., & Spence, C.
(2013) “Bouba” and “Kiki” in Namibia? A remote culture make similar shape – sound matches, but different shape – taste matches to Westerners. Cognition, 126, 165–172.
Brower, D.
(1947) The experimental study of imagery: II. The relative predominance of various imagery modalities. The Journal of General Psychology, 37, 199–200.
Brown, R. W., & Lenneberg, E. H.
(1954) A study in language and cognition. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 454–462.
Brunsdon, C., & Chen, H.
(2014) GISTools: Some further GIS capabilities for R. R package version 0.7–4. [URL]
Brysbaert, M., & New, B.
(2009) Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 977–990.
Brysbaert, M., New, B., & Keuleers, E.
(2012) Adding part-of-speech information to the SUBTLEX-US word frequencies. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 991–997.
Brysbaert, M., Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V.
(2014) Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 46, 904–911.
Bueti, D., & Walsh, V.
(2009) The parietal cortex and the representation of time, space, number and other magnitudes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 12, 1831–1840.
Buck, C. D.
(1949) A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages: A contribution to the history of ideas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bylund, E., Athanasopoulos, P., & Oostendorp, M.
(2013) Motion event cognition and grammatical aspect: Evidence from Afrikaans. Linguistics, 51, 929–955.
Caballero, R.
(2007) Manner-of-motion verbs in wine description. Journal of Pragmatics, 39, 2095–2114.
Caballero, R., & Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.
(2014) Ways of perceiving, moving, and thinking: Revindicating culture in conceptual metaphor research. Cognitive Semiotics, V, 268–290.
(1971) Physiological role of pleasure. Science, 173, 1103–1107.
Cabanac, M., Pruvost, M., & Fantino, M.
(1973) Alliesthesie negative pour des stimulus sucres apres diverses ingestions de glucose. Physiology & Behavior, 11, 345–348.
Cacciari, C.
(2008) Crossing the senses in metaphorical language. In J. RaymondW. Gibbs (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 425–443). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Caclin, A., Soto-Faraco, S., Kingstone, A., & Spence, C.
(1979) To know with the nose: keys to odor identification. Science, 203, 467–470.
Callejas, C. M. B.
(2001) Synaesthetic Metaphors in English. Technical report, University of California, Berkeley.
Campbell, J. D., & Katz, A. N.
(2006) On reversing the topics and vehicles of metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol, 21, 1–22.
Canobbio, A. T.
(2004) Trattamento delle sensazioni nella poesia di Guido Gozzano. Genova: University of Genova MA thesis.
Caplan, D.
(1973) A note on the abstract readings of verbs of perception. Cognition, 2, 269–277.
Carroll, J. M., Bever, T. G., & Pollack, C. R.
(1981) The non-uniqueness of linguistic intuitions. Language, 57, 368–383.
Carlson, N. R.
(2010) Physiology of behavior (10th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Casagrande, V. A.
(1994) A third parallel visual pathway to primate area V1. Trends in Neurosciences, 17, 305–310.
Casati, R., Dokic, J., & Le Corre, F.
(2015) Distinguishing the commonsense senses. In D. Stokes, M. Matthen & S. Biggs (Eds.), Perception and its modalities (pp. 462–479). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Casasanto, D.
(2014) Experiential origins of mental metaphors: Language, culture, and the body. In M. Landau, M. D. Robinson, & B. Meier (Eds.), The power of metaphor: Examining its influence on social life (pp. 249–268). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Books.
Casasanto, D.
(2017) The hierarchical structure of mental metaphors. In B. Hampe (Ed.), Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse (pp. 46–61). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Casasanto, D., & Jasmin, K.
(2010) Good and bad in the hands of politicians: Spontaneous gestures during positive and negative speech. PLOS ONE, 5, e11805.
Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L.
(2008) Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106, 579–593.
Casasanto, D., & Chrysikou, E. G.
(2011) When left is “right”: Motor fluency shapes abstract concepts. Psychological Science, 22, 419–422.
Cazeaux, C.
(2002) Metaphor and the categorization of the senses. Metaphor and Symbol, 17, 3–26.
Chambers, E., Lee, J., Chun, S., & Miller, A. E.
(2012) Development of a lexicon for commercially available cabbage (baechu) kimchi. Journal of Sensory Studies, 27, 511–518.
Crisinel, A. S., Cosser, S., King, S., Jones, R., Petrie, J., & Spence, C.
(2012) A bittersweet symphony: Systematically modulating the taste of food by changing the sonic properties of the soundtrack playing in the background. Food Quality and Preference, 24, 201–204.
Christiansen, M. H., & Chater, N.
(2008) Language as shaped by the brain. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31, 489–509.
Chu, S., & Downes, J. J.
(2000) Long live Proust: The odour-cued autobiographical memory bump. Cognition, 75, B41–B50.
Cienki, A., & Müller, C.
(2008) Metaphor, gesture, and thought. In R. W. Gibbs (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 483–500). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Citron, F. M.
(2012) Neural correlates of written emotion word processing: a review of recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic neuroimaging studies. Brain and Language, 122, 211–226.
Citron, F. M., & Goldberg, A. E.
(2014) Metaphorical sentences are more emotionally engaging than their literal counterparts. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26, 2585–2595.
Citron, F. M., Güsten, J., Michaelis, N., & Goldberg, A. E.
(1996) Using language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, H. H.
(2003) Pointing and placing. In S. Kita (Ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp. 243–268). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Clark, H. H., & Gerrig, R. J.
(1990) Quotations as demonstrations. Language, 66, 764–805.
Classen, C.
(1993) Worlds of sense: Exploring the senses in history and across cultures. London: Routledge.
Classen, C.
(1997) Foundations for an anthropology of the senses. International Social Science Journal, 49, 401–412.
Classen, C., Howes, D., & Synnott, A.
(1994) Aroma: The cultural history of smell. London: Routledge.
Cohen, M. S., Kosslyn, S. M., Breiter, H. C., DiGirolamo, G. J., Thompson, W. L., & Anderson, A. K., Rosen, B. R., & Belliveau, J. W.
(1996) Changes in the cortical activity during mental rotation, a mapping study using functional MRI. Brain, 119, 89–100.
Connell, L.
(2007) Representing object colour in language comprehension. Cognition, 102, 476–485.
Connell, L., & Lynott, D.
(2009) Is a bear white in the woods? Parallel representation of implied object color during language comprehension. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 573–577.
Connell, L., & Lynott, D.
(2010) Look but don’t touch: Tactile disadvantage in processing modality-specific words. Cognition, 115, 1–9.
Connell, L., & Lynott, D.
(2011) Modality switching costs emerge in concept creation as well as retrieval. Cognitive Science, 35, 763–778.
Connell, L., & Lynott, D.
(2012) Strength of perceptual experience predicts word processing performance better than concreteness or imageability. Cognition, 125, 452–465.
Connell, L., & Lynott, D.
(2014) I see/hear what you mean: semantic activation in visual word recognition depends on perceptual attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 527–533.
Connell, L., & Lynott, D.
(2016) Do we know what we’re simulating? Information loss on transferring unconscious perceptual simulation to conscious imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42, 1218–1232.
Connell, L. M., Lynott, D. J., & Banks, B.
(2018) Interoception: the forgotten modality in perceptual grounding of abstract and concrete concepts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 373, 20170143.
Coulson, M.
(2004) Attributing emotion to static body postures: Recognition accuracy, confusions, and viewpoint dependence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 117–139.
(2003) A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion. Trends in Neurosciences, 26, 303–307.
Crisinel, A. S., Jones, S., & Spence, C.
(2012) ‘The sweet taste of maluma’: Crossmodal associations between tastes and words. Chemosensory Perception, 5, 266–273.
Croijmans, I., & Majid, A.
(2016) Not all flavor expertise is equal: The language of wine and coffee experts. PLOS ONE, 11, e0155845.
Croft, W., & Cruse, D. A.
(2004) Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cruse, D. A.
(1986) Lexical semantics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Curcio, C. A., Sloan Jr., K. R., Packer, O., Hendrickson, A. E., & Kalina, R. E.
(1987) Distribution of cones in human and monkey retina: individual variability and radial asymmetry. Science, 236, 579–583.
Cuskley, C.
(2013) Mappings between linguistic sound and motion. Public Journal of Semiotics, 5, 39–62.
Cuskley, C., & Kirby, S.
(2013) Synaesthesia, cross-modality and language evolution. In Simner, J. & Hubbard E. M. (Eds), Oxford handbook of synaesthesia (pp. 869–907). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cytowic, R. E., & Eagleman, D.
(2009) Wednesday is indigo blue: Discovering the brain of synesthesia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cytowic, R. E.
(2002) Synesthesia: A union of the senses. Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
Dąbrowska, E.
(2010) Naive v. expert intuitions: An empirical study of acceptability judgments. The Linguistic Review, 27, 1–23.
(2015) Individual differences in grammatical knowledge. In E. Dąbrowska & D. Divjak (Eds.), Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 649–667). Berlin: de Gruyter.
(2008) The Corpus of Contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1990-present. Available online at [URL]
David, S.
(1997) Représentations sensorielles et marques de la personne: contrastes entre olfaction et audition. In D. Dubois (Ed.), Catégorisation et cognition: de la perception au discours (pp. 209–242). Paris: Editions Kimé.
Davis, R.
(1961) The fitness of names to drawings: A cross-cultural study in Tanganyika. British Journal of Psychology, 52, 259–268.
Day, S.
(1996) Synaesthesia and synaesthetic metaphors. Psyche, 2, 1–16.
de Houwer, J., & Randell, T.
(2004) Robust affective priming effects in a conditional pronunciation task: evidence for the semantic representation of evaluative information. Cognition & Emotion, 18, 251–264.
Delwiche, J. F., & Heffelfinger, A. L.
(2005) Cross-modal additivity of taste and smell. Journal of Sensory Studies, 20, 512–525.
Dennett, D. C.
(2013) Intuition pumps and other tools for thinking. London: Penguin Boos.
Deroy, O., & Spence, C.
(2013) Why we are not all synesthetes (not even weakly so). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 643–664.
de Wijk, R. A., & Cain, W. S.
(1994) Odor quality: discrimination versus free and cued identification. Perception & Psychophysics, 56, 12–18.
(2018) Redrawing the margins of language: Lessons from research on ideophones. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 3, 4.
Dingemanse, M., & Akita, K.
(2017) An inverse relation between expressiveness and grammatical integration: On the morphosyntactic typology of ideophones, with special reference to Japanese. Journal of Linguistics, 53, 501–532.
Dingemanse, M., Blasi, D. E., Lupyan, G., Christiansen, M. H., & Monaghan, P.
(2015) Arbitrariness, Iconicity, and Systematicity in Language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 603–615.
Dingemanse, M., & Majid, A.
(2012) The semantic structure of sensory vocabulary in an African language. In N. Miyake, D. Peebles, & R. P. Cooper (Eds.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 300–305). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Djordjevic, J., Lundstrom, J. N., Clement, F., Boyle, J. A., Pouliot, S., & Jones-Gotman, M.
(2008) A rose by any other name: would it smell as sweet?. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99, 386–393.
Dolscheid, S., Shayan, S., Majid, A., & Casasanto, D.
(2013) The thickness of musical pitch: Psychophysical evidence for linguistic relativity. Psychological Science, 24, 613–621.
Dominy, N. J., Lucas, P. W., Osorio, D., & Yamashita, N.
(2001) The sensory ecology of primate food perception. Evolutionary Anthropology, 10, 171–186.
Drury, H. A., Van Essen, D. C., Anderson, C. H., Lee, C. W., Coogan, T. A., & Lewis, J. W.
(1996) Computerized mappings of the cerebral cortex: a multiresolution flattening method and a surface-based coordinate system. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 1–28.
Dubois, D.
(2000) Categories as acts of meaning: The case of categories in olfaction and audition. Cognitive Science Quarterly, 1, 35–68.
(2015) Modeling abstractness and metaphoricity. Metaphor and Symbol, 30, 259–289.
Edwards, R., & Clevenger, T.
(1990) The effects of schematic and affective processes on metaphorical invention. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 19, 91–102.
Edelman, S., & Christiansen, M. H.
(2003) How seriously should we take Minimalist syntax?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 60–61.
Eklundh, L., & Singh, A.
(1993) A comparative analysis of standardised and unstandardised principal components analysis in remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 1359–1370.
Elder, R. S., & Krishna, A.
(2009) The effects of advertising copy on sensory thoughts and perceived taste. Journal of Consumer Research, 36, 748–756.
Elman, J. L.
(2004) An alternative view of the mental lexicon. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 301–306.
Emmorey, K.
(2014) Iconicity as structure mapping. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130301.
Enfield, N. J.
(2008) The anatomy of meaning. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Engen, T., & Ross, B. M.
(1973) Long-term memory of odors with and without verbal descriptions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100, 221–227.
Engstrom, A. G.
(1946) In defence of synaesthesia in literature. Philological Quarterly, 25, 1–19.
Erzsébet, P. D.
(1974) Synaesthesia and poetry. Poetics, 3, 23–44.
Essegbey, J.
(2013) Touch Ideophones in Nyagbo. In O. O. Orie, & K. W. Sanders (Eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on African Linguistics (pp. 235–243). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Esuli, A., & Sebastiani, F.
(2006) Sentiwordnet: A publicly available lexical resource for opinion mining. In Proceedings of 5th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (Vol. 6, pp. 417–422).
Etzi, R., Spence, C., Zampini, M., & Gallace, A.
(2016) When sandpaper is ‘kiki’ and satin is ‘bouba’: An exploration of the associations between words, emotional states, and the tactile attributes of everyday materials. Multisensory Research, 29, 133–155.
Evans, N., & Wilkins, D.
(2000) In the mind’s ear: The semantic extensions of perception verbs in Australian languages. Language, 76, 546–592.
Evans, V.
(2007) A glossary of cognitive linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Evans, V., & Green, M.
(2006) Cognitive linguistics: An introduction. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Evans, V., Bergen, B., & Zinken, J.
(2007) The cognitive linguistics enterprise: An overview. In V. Evans, B. Bergen & J. Zinken (Eds.), The cognitive linguistics reader (pp. 2–30). London: Equinox.
Everett, D.
(2005) Cultural constraints on grammar and cognition in Pirahã: Another look at the design features of human language. Current Anthropology, 46, 621–646.
Fainsilber, L., & Ortony, A.
(1987) Metaphorical uses of language in the expression of emotions. Metaphor and Symbol, 2, 239–250.
Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R.
(1986) On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229–238.
Featherston, S.
(2005) Magnitude estimation and what it can do for your syntax: Some wh-constraints in German. Lingua, 115, 1525–1550.
Fellbaum, C.
(1998) WordNet: An electronic lexical database. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fenko, A., Otten, J. J., & Schifferstein, H. N.
(2010) Describing product experience in different languages: The role of sensory modalities. Journal of Pragmatics, 42, 3314–3327.
Ferreira, F.
(2005) Psycholinguistics, formal grammars, and cognitive science. The Linguistic Review, 22, 365–380.
Fiedler, K.
(2017) What constitutes strong psychological science? The (neglected) role of diagnosticity and a priori theorizing. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 46–61.
Fitch, T.
(1994) Vocal tract length perception and the evolution of language. B.A. Thesis, Brown University.
Firth, J. R.
(1957) Papers in linguistics 1934–1951. London: Oxford University Press.
Fischer, A.
(1999) What, if anything, is phonological iconicity? In O. Fischer & M. Nänny (Eds.), Form miming meaning: Iconicity in language and literature (pp. 123–134). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Fischer, S.
(1922) Über das Entstehen und Verstehen von Namen. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 42, 335–368.
Fischer, M. H., & Zwaan, R. A.
(2008) Embodied language: A review of the role of the motor system in language comprehension. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 825–850.
Floyd, S., San Roque, L., & Majid, A.
(2018) Smell is coded in grammar and frequent in discourse: Cha’palaa olfactory language in cross‐linguistic perspective. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 28, 175–196.
Fodor, J. A.
(1983) The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fontana, F.
(2013) Association of haptic trajectories with takete and maluma. In I. Oakley, & S. Brewster (Eds.), Haptic and audio interaction Design (pp. 60–68). Berlin: Springer.
Forceville, C.
(2006) Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: agendas for research. In G. Kristiansen, M. Achard, R. Dirven, F. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibañez (Eds.), Cognitive linguistics: Current applications and future perspectives (pp. 379 – 402). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Forceville, C.
(2008) Metaphor in pictures and multimodal representations. In R. W. Gibbs (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 462 – 482). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Forceville, C. J., & Urios-Aparisi, E.
(2009) (Eds.) Multimodal metaphor. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Foroni, F., & Semin, G. R.
(2009) Language that puts you in touch with your bodily feelings the multimodal responsiveness of affective expressions. Psychological Science, 20, 974–980.
Fox, J., & Weisberg, S.
(2011) An R Companion to Applied Regression. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fryer, L., Freeman, J., & Pring, L.
(2014) Touching words is not enough: How visual experience influences haptic – auditory associations in the “Bouba – Kiki” effect. Cognition, 132, 164–173.
Gallace, A., Boschin, E., & Spence, C.
(2011) On the taste of “Bouba” and “Kiki”: An exploration of word – food associations in neurologically normal participants. Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 34–46.
Gallese, V., & Lakoff, G.
(2005) The brain’s concepts: The role of the sensory-motor system in reason and language. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 455–479.
Gärdenfors, P.
(2014) The geometry of meaning: Semantics based on conceptual spaces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gawel, R., Oberholster, A., & Francis, I. L.
(2000) A ‘Mouth‐feel Wheel’: terminology for communicating the mouth‐feel characteristics of red wine. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 6, 203–207.
(2013) The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition” or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time. In Technical report, Department of Statistics, Columbia University. [[URL] , Retrieved July 31, 2017]
Gentleman, R., & Lang, D.
(2007) Statistical analyses and reproducible research. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 16, 1–23.
Gernsbacher, M. A.
(1984) Resolving 20 years of inconsistent interactions between lexical familiarity and orthography, concreteness, and polysemy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 256–281.
Gibbs, R. W.
(1994) The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R. W.
(2005) Embodiment and cognitive science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R. W.
(2006) Metaphor interpretation as embodied simulation. Mind & Language, 21, 434–458.
(2008) Metaphor, imagination, and simulation: Psycholinguistic evidence. In Gibbs, R. W. (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 161–176). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Gibson, E., & Fedorenko, E.
(2010) Weak quantitative standards in linguistics research. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 233–234.
Gibson, E., & Fedorenko, E.
(2013) The need for quantitative methods in syntax and semantics research. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28, 88–124.
Gilad, Y., Man, O., Pääbo, S., & Lancet, D.
(2003) Human specific loss of olfactory receptor genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 3324–3327.
Gilad, Y., Wiebe, V., Przeworski, M., Lancet, D., & Pääbo, S.
(2004) Loss of olfactory receptor genes coincides with the acquisition of full trichromatic vision in primates. PLOS Biology, 2, e5.
Givón, T.
(2001) Syntax: A functional-typological introduction, Vol. 1. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Glenberg, A. M.
(1997) What memory is for. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, 1–55.
Glenberg, A. M., & Kaschak, M. P.
(2002) Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 558–565.
Glenberg, A. M., & Robertson, D. A.
(1999) Indexical understanding of instructions. Discourse Processes, 28, 1–26.
Glenberg, A. M., & Robertson, D. A.
(2000) Symbol grounding and meaning: A comparison of high dimensional and embodied theories of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 379–401.
Goldberg, R. F., Perfetti, C. A., & Schneider, W.
(2006a) Perceptual knowledge retrieval activates sensory brain regions. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 4917–4921.
Goldberg, R. F., Perfetti, C. A., & Schneider, W.
(2006b) Distinct and common cortical activations for multimodal semantic categories. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 6, 214–222.
Goldinger, S. D., Papesh, M. H., Barnhart, A. S., Hansen, W. A., & Hout, M. C.
(2016) The poverty of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23, 959–978.
Goldin-Meadow, S.
(2003) Hearing gesture: How our hands help us think. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
González, J., Barros-Loscertales, A., Pulvermüller, F., Meseguer, V., Sanjuán, A., Belloch, V., & Ávila, C.
Gori, M., Del Viva, M., Sandini, G., & Burr, D. C.
(2008) Young children do not integrate visual and haptic form information. Current Biology, 18, 694–698.
Gori, M., Sandini, G., Martinoli, C., & Burr, D.
(2010) Poor haptic orientation discrimination in nonsighted children may reflect disruption of cross-sensory calibration. Current Biology, 20, 223–225.
Grady, J.
(1997) THEORIES ARE BUILDINGS revisited. Cognitive Linguistics, 8, 267–290.
(2005) Primary metaphors as inputs to conceptual integration. Journal of Pragmatics, 37, 1595–1614.
Grady, J., Oakley, T., & Coulson, S.
(1999) Blending and metaphor. In R. W. Gibbs, & G. J. Steen (Eds.), Metaphor in cognitive linguistics (pp. 101–124). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Graumann, A.
(2007) Color names and dynamic imagery. In M. Plümacher, & P. Holz (Eds.), Speaking of colors and odors (pp. 129–140). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gries, S. T., & Divjak, D. S.
(2010) Quantitative approaches in usage-based cognitive semantics: myths, erroneous assumptions, and a proposal. In D. Glynn & K. Fischer (Eds.), Quantitative methods in cognitive semantics: Corpus-driven approaches (pp. 333–353). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Gries, S. T., Hampe, B., & Schönefeld, D.
(2005) Converging evidence: Bringing together experimental and corpus data on the association of verbs and constructions. Cognitive Linguistics, 16, 635–676.
Grondelaers, S., Geeraerts, D. & Speelman, D.
(2007) A case for a cognitive corpus linguistics. In M. Gonzalez-Marquez, I. Mittelberg, S. Coulson & M. J. Spivey (Eds.), Methods in Cognitive Linguistics (pp. 149–169). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Grossenbacher, P. G., & Lovelace, C. T.
(2001) Mechanisms of synesthesia: Cognitive and physiological constraints. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 36–41.
Grote, K.
(2013) “Modality relativity”: The influence of sign language and spoken language on conceptual categorization. PhD thesis, RWTH Aachen.
Haenny, P. E., Maunsell, J. H. R., & Schiller, P. H.
(1988) State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex II: Retinal and extraretinal factors in V4. Experimental Brain Research, 69, 245–259.
Hagen, M. C., Franzén, O., McGlone, F., Essick, G., Dancer, C., & Pardo, J. V.
(2002) Tactile motion activates the human middle temporal/V5 (MT/V5) complex. European Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 957–964.
Halgren, E.
(1992) Emotional neurophysiology of the amygdala within the context of human cognition. In J. P. Aggleton (Ed.), The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory and mental dysfunction (pp. 191–228). New York: Wiley-Liss.
Harmon, Z., & Kapatsinski, V.
(2017) Putting old tools to novel uses: The role of form accessibility in semantic extension. Cognitive Psychology, 98, 22–44.
Hartigan, J. A., & Hartigan, P. M.
(1985) The dip test of unimodality. The Annals of Statistics, 13, 70–84.
Haspelmath, M.
(1999) Why is grammaticalization irreversible?. Linguistics, 37, 1043–1068.
(1958) Physics and philosophy: The revolution in modern science. Lectures delivered at University of St. Andrews, Scotland, Winter 1955–56. New York: Harper & Row.
Hermans, D., & Baeyens, F.
(2002) Acquisition and activation of odor hedonics in everyday situations: Conditioning and priming studies. In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, taste, and cognition (pp. 119–139). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Herz, R. S.
(2002) Influences of odors on mood and affective cognition. In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, taste, and cognition (pp. 160–177). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Herz, R. S.
(2004) A naturalistic analysis of autobiographical memories triggered by olfactory visual and auditory stimuli. Chemical Senses, 29, 217–24.
Herz, R.
(2007) The scent of desire: Discovering our enigmatic sense of smell. New York: Harper Collins.
(2002) A naturalistic study of autobiographical memories evoked by olfactory and visual cues: Testing the Proustian hypothesis. American Journal of Psychology, 115, 21–32.
Hidaka, S., & Shimoda, K.
(2014) Investigation of the effects of color on judgments of sweetness using a taste adaptation method. Multisensory Research, 27, 189–205.
Hinton, L., Nichols, J., & Ohala, J.
(1994) Introduction: sound-symbolic processes. In L. Hinton, J. Nichols, & J. Ohala (Eds.), Sound symbolism (pp. 1–12). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hirata, S., Ukita, J., & Kita, S.
(2011) Implicit phonetic symbolism in voicing of consonants and visual lightness using Garner’s speeded classification task. Perceptual Motor Skills, 113, 929–940.
Hockett, C. F.
(1982 [1960]) The origin of speech. Scientific American, 203, 88 – 111. Reprinted in: W. S-Y Wang (1982), Human communication: Language and its psychobiological bases (pp. 4 – 12). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
(1991) (Ed.). The varieties of sensory experience: A sourcebook in the anthropology of the senses. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Howes, D.
(2002) Nose-wise: Olfactory metaphors in mind. In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, taste, and cognition (pp. 67–81). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Howes, D.
(2006) Cross-talk between the senses. The Senses & Society, 1, 381–390.
(2010) Corpus approaches to evaluation: Phraseology and evaluative language. London: Routledge.
Huumo, T.
(2010) Is perception a directional relationship? On directionality and its motivation in Finnish expressions of sensory perception. Linguistics, 48, 49–97.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.
(2008) Vision metaphors for the intellect: Are they really cross-linguistic?. Atlantis, 30, 15–33.
IJzerman, H., & Koole, S. L.
(2011) From perceptual rags to metaphoric riches – Bodily, social, and cultural constraints on sociocognitive metaphors: Comment on Landau, Meier, and Keefer (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 137, 355–361.
IJzerman, H., & Semin, G. R.
(2009) The thermometer of social relations mapping social proximity on temperature. Psychological Science, 20, 1214–1220.
James, W.
(1891 [1890]) The principles of psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jastrzembski, J. E., & Stanners, R. F.
(1975) Multiple word meanings and lexical search speed. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 534–537.
Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Quinn, J. G.
(1976) To define true meaning. Nature, 264, 635–636.
Jorgensen, J. C.
(1990) The psychological reality of word senses. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 19, 167–190.
Jousmäki, V., & Hari, R.
(1998) Parchment-skin illusion: sound-biased touch. Current Biology, 8, R190–R191.
Judd, D. B., & Wyszecki, G.
(1975) Color in business, science and industry. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Julius, D., & Basbaum, A. I.
(2001) Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature, 413, 203–210.
Jurafsky, D.
(2014) The language of food. New York: W. W. Norton.
Karns, C. M., & Knight, R. T.
(2009) Intermodal auditory, visual, and tactile attention modulates early stages of neural processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 669–683.
Kaschak, M. P., Madden, C. J., Therriault, D. J., Yaxley, R. H., Aveyard, M., Blanchard, A. A., & Zwaan, R. A.
(2005) Perception of motion affects language processing. Cognition, 94, B79–B89.
Kaschak, M. P., Zwaan, R. A., Aveyard, M., & Yaxley, R. H.
(2006) Perception of auditory motion affects language processing. Cognitive Science, 30, 733–744.
Katz, A. N., & Al-Azary, H.
(2017) Principles that promote bidirectionality in verbal metaphor. Poetics Today, 38, 35–59.
Kendon, A.
(2004) Gesture: Visible action as utterance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Kendon, A.
(2014) Semiotic diversity in utterance production and the concept of ‘language’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130293.
Keverne, E. B.
(1999) The vomeronasal organ. Science, 286, 716–720.
Kiefer, M., Sim, E. J., Herrnberger, B., Grothe, J., & Hoenig, K.
(2008) The sound of concepts: four markers for a link between auditory and conceptual brain systems. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 12224–12230.
Kiritchenko, S., Zhu, X., & Mohammad, S.
(2014) Sentiment analysis of short informal texts. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 50, 723–762.
Kita, S.
(1997) Two-dimensional semantic analysis of Japanese mimetics. Linguistics, 35, 379–415.
Klatzky, R. L., Lederman, S. J., & Reed, C.
(1987) There’s more to touch than meets the eye: The salience of object attributes for haptics with and without vision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 356–369.
Köhler, R.
(1986) Zur Linguistischen Synergetik: Struktur und Dynamik der Lexik. Bochum: Brockmeyer.
Köhler, W.
(1929) Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.
de Koning, B. B., Wassenburg, S. I., Bos, L. T., & Van der Schoot, M.
(2016) Size does matter: Implied object size is mentally simulated during language comprehension. Discourse Processes, 54, 493–503.
(1978) Visual images preserve metric spatial information: evidence from studies of image scanning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 47–60.
Kosslyn, S. M., Seger, C., Pani, J. R., & Hillger, L. A.
(1990) When is imagery used in everyday life? A diary study. Journal of Mental Imagery, 14, 131–152.
Köster, E. P.
(2002) The specific characeristics of the sense of smell. In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, taste, and cognition (pp. 27–43). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Kousta, S. T., Vinson, D. P., & Vigliocco, G.
(2009) Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words. Cognition, 112, 473–481.
Kousta, S. T., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Andrews, M., & Del Campo, E.
(2011) The representation of abstract words: why emotion matters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 14–34.
Kövecses, Z.
(2002) Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kövecses, Z.
(2013) The metaphor – metonymy relationship: Correlation metaphors are based on metonymy. Metaphor and Symbol, 28, 75–88.
Kovic, V., Plunkett, K., & Westermann, G.
(2010) The shape of words in the brain. Cognition, 114, 19–28.
Krifka, M.
(2010) A note on the asymmetry in the hedonic implicatures of olfactory and gustatory terms. In S. Fuchs, P. Hoole, C. Mooshammer & M. Zygis (Eds.), Between the regular and the particular in speech and language (pp. 235–245). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Kunkler-Peck, A. J., & Turvey, M. T.
(2000) Hearing shape. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 279–294.
Kuperman, V., Stadthagen-Gonzalez, H., & Brysbaert, M.
(2012) Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 978–990..
Kuperman, V.
(2015) Virtual experiments in megastudies: A case study of language and emotion. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 1693–1710.
Kuperman, V., Estes, Z., Brysbaert, M., & Warriner, A. B.
(2014) Emotion and language: valence and arousal affect word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1065–1081.
(2015) Lexical categories and conceptualization of olfaction in Amis. Language and Cognition, 7, 321–350.
Lee, S. W., & Schwarz, N.
(2012) Bidirectionality, mediation, and moderation of metaphorical effects: The embodiment of social suspicion and fishy smells. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 737–749.
Le Guérer, A.
(2002) Olfaction and cognition: A philosophical and psychoanalytic view. In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, taste, and cognition (pp. 196–208). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lehrer, A.
(1978) Structures of the lexicon and transfer of meaning. Lingua, 45, 95–123.
Lehrer, A.
(2009) Wine and conversation (2nd Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lemon, J.
(2006) Plotrix: a package in the red light district of R. R-News, 6, 8–12.
Levänen, S., Jousmäki, V., & Hari, R.
(1998) Vibration-induced auditory-cortex activation in a congenitally deaf adult. Current Biology, 8, 869–872.
Levinson, S. C.
(2000) Yélî Dnye and the theory of basic color terms. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 10, 3–55.
Levinson, S. C., & Majid, A.
(2014) Differential ineffability and the senses. Mind & Language, 29, 407–427.
(2011) Symbol interdependency in symbolic and embodied cognition. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3, 273–302.
Louwerse, M., & Connell, L.
(2011) A taste of words: Linguistic context and perceptual simulation predict the modality of words. Cognitive Science, 35, 381–398.
Lu, J., & Goldin-Meadow, S.
(2017) Combining categorical and gradient information in sign and spoken communication. Presentation at the 11th International Symposium on Iconicity in Language and Literature, Brighton, UK.
Lu, J. C., & Goldin-Meadow, S.
(2018) Creating images with the stroke of a hand: Depiction of size and shape in sign language. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1276.
Lucy, J. A.
(1992) Language diversity and thought: A reformulation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lupyan, G., & Clark, A.
(2015) Words and the world: Predictive coding and the language-perception-cognition interface. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 279–284.
Lupyan, G., & Winter, B.
(2018) Language is more abstract than you think, or, why aren’t languages more iconic?Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 373, 20170137.
Lynott, D., & Connell, L.
(2009) Modality exclusivity norms for 423 object properties. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 558–564.
Lynott, D., & Connell, L.
(2013) Modality exclusivity norms for 400 nouns: The relationship between perceptual experience and surface word form. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 516–526.
Macpherson, F.
(Ed.) (2011) The senses: Classic and contemporary philosophical perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Maechler, M.
(2015) diptest: Hartigan’s dip test statistic for unimodality– corrected. R package version 0.75–7.
Mahmut, M. K., & Stevenson, R. J.
(2015) Failure to obtain reinstatement of an olfactory representation. Cognitive Science, 39, 1940–1949.
Majid, A.
(2012) Current emotion research in the language sciences. Emotion Review, 4, 432–443.
Majid, A., & Burenhult, N.
(2014) Odors are expressible in language, as long as you speak the right language. Cognition, 130, 266–270.
Majid, A., Burenhult, N., Stensmyr, M., de Valk, J., & Hansson, B. S.
(2018) Olfactory language and abstraction across cultures. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 373, 20170139.
Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A.
(2008) A critical look at the embodied cognition hypothesis and a new proposal for grounding conceptual content. Journal of Physiology, 102, 59–70.
Marantz, A.
(2005) Generative linguistics within the cognitive neuroscience of language. The Linguistic Review, 22, 429–445.
Mannaert, L. N. H., Dijkstra, K., & Zwaan, R. A.
(2017) Is color an integral part of a rich mental simulation?. Memory & Cognition, 45, 974–982.
Marchand, H.
(1959) Phonetic symbolism in English word formations. Indogermanische Forschungen, 64, 146–168.
Markman, A. B.
(2008) Pluralism, relativism and the proper use of theories. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 20, 247–250.
Marks, L. E.
(1974) On associations of light and sound: The mediation of brightness, pitch, and loudness. The American Journal of Psychology, 87, 173–188.
Marks, L. E.
(1975) On colored-hearing synesthesia: cross-modal translations of sensory dimensions. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 303–331.
Marks, L. E.
(1978) The unity of the senses: Interrelations among the modalities. New York: Academic Press.
Marks, L. E.
(1982a) Bright sneezes and dark coughs, loud sunlight and soft moonlight. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance, 8, 177–193.
Marks, L. E.
(1982b) Synesthetic perception and poetic metaphor. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8, 15–23.
(2001) Synesthesia: Strong and weak. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 61–65.
Matlock, T.
(1989) Metaphor and the grammaticalization of evidentials. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 215–225). Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
Maurer, D., Pathman, T., & Mondloch, C. J.
(2006) The shape of boubas: sound-shape correspondences in toddlers and adults. Developmental Science, 9, 316–322.
McElreath, R.
(2016) Statistical rethinking: A Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
McNeill, D.
(1992) Hand and mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Meir, I.
(2010) Iconicity and metaphor: Constraints on metaphorical extension of iconic forms. Language, 86, 865–896.
Medler, D. A., Arnoldussen, A., Binder, J. R., & Seidenberg, M. S.
(2005) The Wisconsin Perceptual Attribute Ratings Database.
Mendelson, D.
(1984) Synaesthetic metaphor in the work of Isaak Babel. Russian Literature, 15, 347–362.
(2007) Motion detection and motion verbs language affects low-level visual perception. Psychological Science, 18, 1007–1013.
Meteyard, L., Cuadrado, S. R., Bahrami, B., & Vigliocco, G.
(2012) Coming of age: A review of embodiment and the neuroscience of semantics. Cortex, 48, 788–804.
Miller, G. A.
(1995) WordNet: a lexical database for English. Communications of the ACM, 38, 39–41.
Miller, G. A. & Charles W.
(1991) Contextual correlates of semantic similarity. Language and Cognitive Processes, 6, 1–28.
Miller, G. A., & Johnson-Laird, P. N.
(1976) Language and perception. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Miller, I. J., & Reedy, F. E.
(1990) Variations in human taste bud density and taste intensity perception. Physiology & Behavior, 47, 1213–1219.
Mitchell, S. D.
(2004) Why integrative pluralism?E:CO, 6, 81–91.
Mitchell, S. D., & Dietrich, M. R.
(2006) Integration without unification: An argument for pluralism in the biological sciences. The American Naturalist, 168, 73–79.
McBurney, D. H.
(1986) Taste, smell, and flavor terminology: Taking the confusion out of the fusion. In H. L. Meiselman, & R. S. Rivkin (Eds.), Clinical measurement of taste and smell (pp. 117–125). New York: Macmillan.
McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J.
(1976) Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264, 746–748.
Mohammad, S. M., & Kiritchenko, S.
(2015) Using hashtags to capture fine emotion categories from tweets. Computational Intelligence, 31, 301–326.
Mojet, J., Köster, E. P., & Prinz, J. F.
(2005) Do tastants have a smell?. Chemical Senses, 30, 9–21.
Moore, T., & Carling, C.
(1988) The limitations of language. London: Macmillan.
Moos, A., Simmons, D., Simner, J., & Smith, R.
(2013) Color and texture associations in voice-induced synesthesia. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 568.
Møller, A.
(2012) Sensory systems: Anatomy and physiology (2nd Ed.). Richardson: A. R. Møller Publishing.
Monaghan, P., Mattock, K., & Walker, P.
(2012) The role of sound symbolism in language learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1152–1164.
Morein-Zamir, S., Soto-Faraco, S., & Kingstone, A.
(2001) The color of odors. Brain and Language, 79, 309–320.
Munafò, M. R., Nosek, B. A., Bishop, D. V., Button, K. S., Chambers, C. D., du Sert, N. P., Simonsohn, U., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Ware, J. J. & Ioannidis, J. P.
(2017) A manifesto for reproducible science. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 0021.
Murphy, G. L.
(1996) On metaphoric representation. Cognition, 60, 173–204.
Murphy, G. L.
(1997) Reasons to doubt the present evidence for metaphoric representation. Cognition, 62, 99–108.
Murphy, M. L.
(2010) Lexical meaning. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Myers, J.
(2009) Syntactic judgment experiments. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3, 406–423.
Nagata, H.
(1988) The relativity of linguistic intuition: The effect of repetition on grammaticality judgments. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 17, 1–17.
Nagata, H.
(1989) Effect of repetition on grammaticality judgments under objective and subjective self-awareness conditions. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 18, 255–269.
Nagata, H.
(1992) Anchoring effects in judging grammaticality of sentences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 159–164.
Nakagawa, H.
(2012) The importance of TASTE verbs in some Khoe languages. Linguistics, 50, 395–420.
Nakamura, T., Sakamoto, M., & Utsumi, A.
(2010) The role of event knowledge in comprehending synesthetic metaphors. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1898–1903). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Ngo, M. K., Misra, R., & Spence, C.
(2011) Assessing the shapes and speech sounds that people associate with chocolate samples varying in cocoa content. Food Quality and Preference, 22, 567–572.
Nielsen, A., & Rendall, D.
(2011) The sound of round: Evaluating the sound-symbolic role of consonants in the classic Takete-Maluma phenomenon. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 115–124.
Nielsen, A., & Rendall, D.
(2012) The source and magnitude of sound-symbolic biases in processing artificial word material and their implications for language learning and transmission. Language and Cognition, 4, 115–125.
Nielsen, A., & Rendall, D.
(2013) Parsing the role of consonants versus vowels in the classic Takete-Maluma phenomenon. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67, 153–163.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D.
(1977) Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.
Noble, A. C., Arnold, R. A., Buechsenstein, J., Leach, E. J., Schmidt, J. O., & Stern, P. M.
(1987) Modification of a standardized system of wine aroma terminology. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 38, 143–146.
Novich, S., Cheng, S., & Eagleman, D. M.
(2011) Is synaesthesia one condition or many? A large‐scale analysis reveals subgroups. Journal of Neuropsychology, 5, 353–371.
O’Callaghan, C.
(2009) Sounds and events. In M. Nudds & C. O’Callaghan (Eds.), Sounds & perception: New philosophical essays (pp. 26–49). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O’Callaghan, C.
(2015) Not all perceptual experience is modality specific. In D. Stokes, M. Matthen & S. Biggs (Eds.), Perception and its modalities (pp. 133–165). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O’Callaghan, C. & Nudds, M.
(2009) Introduction: The philosophy of sounds and auditory perception. In M. Nudds & C. O’Callaghan (Eds.), Sounds & perception: New philosophical essays (pp. 1–25). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O’Grady, W.
(2005) Syntactic carpentry: An emergentist approach to syntax. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ohala, J. J.
(1984) An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F0 of voice. Phonetica, 41, 1–16.
Ohala, J. J.
(1994) The frequency code underlies the sound symbolic use of voice pitch. In L. Hinton, J. Nichols, & J. J. Ohala (Eds.), Sound symbolism (pp. 325–347). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Olofsson, J. K., & Gottfried, J. A.
(2015) The muted sense: neurocognitive limitations of olfactory language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, 314–321.
O’Malley, G.
(1957) Literary synesthesia. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 15, 391–411.
Ortony, A.
(1975) Why metaphors are necessary and not just nice. Educational Theory, 25, 45–53.
Ortiz, M. J.
(2011) Primary metaphors and monomodal visual metaphors. Journal of Pragmatics, 43, 1568–1580.
Osaka, N., Osaka, M., Morishita, M., Kondo, H., & Fukuyama, H.
(2004) A word expressing affective pain activates the anterior cingulate cortex in the human brain: an fMRI study. Behavioural Brain Research, 153, 123–127.
Osgood, C.
(1963) Language universals and psycholinguistics. In J. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of language (pp. 236–254). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Osgood, C. E.
(1981) The cognitive dynamics of synesthesia and metaphor. Review of Research in Visual Arts Education, 7, 56–80.
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H.
(1957) The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Paivio, A., Yuille, J. C., & Madigan, S. A.
(1968) Concreteness, imagery and meaningfulness values for 925 words. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph Supplement, 76.
Palmer, S. E., Schloss, K. B., Xu, Z., & Prado-León, L. R.
(2013) Music – color associations are mediated by emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 8836–8841.
Pang, B., & Lee, L.
(2004) A sentimental education: Sentiment analysis using subjectivity summarization based on minimum cuts. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (article 271). Association for Computational Linguistics.
Pang, B., & Lee, L.
(2008) Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 2, 1–135.
Papesh, M. H.
(2015) Just out of reach: On the reliability of the action-sentence compatibility effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144, e116–e141.
Paradis, C.
(2000) Reinforcing adjectives: A cognitive semantic approach on grammaticalization. In R. Bermudez-Otero, D. Denison, R. M. Hogg, & C. B. McCully (Eds)., Generative theory and corpus studies (pp. 233–258). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Paradis, C.
(2005) Ontologies and construals in lexical semantics. Axiomathes, 15, 541–573.
Paradis, C., & Eeg-Olofsson, M.
(2013) Describing sensory experience: The genre of wine reviews. Metaphor and Symbol, 28, 22–40.
(1999) What is sound?. The Philosophical Quarterly, 49, 309–324.
Patel, A. D., & Iversen, J. R.
(2003) Acoustic and perceptual comparison of speech and drum sounds in the north indian tabla tradition: An empirical study of sound symbolism. In M. J. Solé, D. Recansens, & J. Romero (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 925–928). Barcelona.
Pecher, D., van Dantzig, S., Zwaan, R. A., & Zeelenberg, R.
(2009) Language comprehenders retain implied shape and orientation of objects. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1108–1114.
(1996) Evaluating visual information provided by audio description. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 90, 378–385.
Peng, R. D.
(2011) Reproducible research in computational science. Science, 334, 1226–1227.
Pennycook, G., & Thompson, V. A.
(2017) Base-rate neglect. In R. F. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive illusions: Intriguing phenomena in thinking, judgment and memory (pp. 44–61). London: Routledge.
Pérez-Sobrino, P.
(2016) Multimodal metaphor and metonymy in advertising: A corpus-based account. Metaphor and Symbol, 31, 73–90.
(2014) Let’s talk music: A corpus-based account of musical motion. Metaphor and Symbol, 29, 298–315.
Perlman, M.
(2010) Talking fast: The use of speech rate as iconic gesture. In F. Perrill, V. Tobin, & M. Turner (Eds.), Meaning, form, and body (pp. 245–262). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
(2014) Iconic prosody in story reading. Cognitive Science, 39, 1348–1368.
Perlman, M., Little, H., Thompson, B., & Thompson, R. L.
(2018) Iconicity in signed and spoken vocabulary: A comparison between American Sign Language, British Sign Language, English, and Spanish. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1433.
Perry, L. K., Perlman, M., & Lupyan, G.
(2015) Iconicity in English and Spanish and its relation to lexical category and age of acquisition. PLOS ONE, 10, e0137147.
Perry, L. K., Perlman, M., Winter, B., Massaro, D. W., & Lupyan, G.
(2018) Iconicity in the speech of children and adults. Developmental Science, 21, e12572.
Petersen, W., Fleischhauer, J., Beseoglu, H., & Bücker, P.
(2008) A frame-based analysis of synaesthetic metaphors. Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication, 3, 1–22.
Pfeiffer, J. C., Hollowood, T. A., Hort, J., & Taylor, A. J.
(2005) Temporal synchrony and integration of sub-threshold taste and smell signals. Chemical Senses, 30, 539–545.
Phillips, M. L., & Heining, M.
(2002) Neural correlates of emotion perception: From faces to taste. In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, taste, and cognition (pp. 196–208). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Pick, H. L., Warren, D. H., & Hay, J. C.
(1969) Sensory conflict in judgments of spatial direction. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 203–205.
Pink, S.
(2011) Multimodality, multisensoriality and ethnographic knowing: social semiotics and the phenomenology of perception. Qualitative Research, 11, 261–276.
Plümacher, M., & Holz, P.
(2007) Speaking of colors and odors. In M. Plümacher, & P. Holz (Eds.), Speaking of colors and odors (pp. 1–17). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Plümacher, M.
(2007) Speaking of colors and odors. In M. Plümacher, & P. Holz (Eds.), Speaking of colors and odors (pp. 61–84). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pomp, J., Bestgen, A. K., Schulze, P., Müller, C. J., Citron, F. M., Suchan, B., & Kuchinke, L.
(2018) Lexical olfaction recruits olfactory orbitofrontal cortex in metaphorical and literal contexts. Brain and Language, 179, 11–21.
Popova, Y. B.
(2003) ‘The fool sees with his nose’: metaphoric mappings in the sense of smell in Patrick Süskind’s Perfume. Language and Literature, 12, 135–151.
Popova, Y.
(2005) Image schemas and verbal synaesthesia. In B. Hampe (Ed.), From perception to meaning: Image schemas in cognitive linguistics (pp. 395–420). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Porat, R., & Shen, Y.
(2017) Metaphor: The journey from bidirectionality to unidirectionality. Poetics Today, 38, 123–140.
Porcello, T.
(2004) Speaking of sound: Language and the professionalization of sound-recording engineers. Social Studies of Science, 34, 733–758.
Pragglejaz Group, P.
(2007) MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 22, 1–39.
Prandi, M.
(2012) A plea for living metaphors: Conflictual metaphors and metaphorical swarms. Metaphor and Symbol, 27(2), 148–170.
Prather, S. C., Votaw, J. R., & Sathian, K.
(2004) Task-specific recruitment of dorsal and ventral visual areas during tactile perception. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1079–1087.
Price, J. L.
(1987) The central and accessory olfactory systems. In T. E. Finger & W. L. Silver (Eds.), Neurobiology of taste and smell (pp. 179–204). New York: Wiley.
Pullum, G. K.
(2007) Ungrammaticality, rarity, and corpus use. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 3, 33–47.
Pulvermüller, F.
(2005) Brain mechanisms linking language and action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 576–582.
Rakova, M.
(2003) The extent of the literal: Metaphor, polysemy and theories of concepts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ramachandran, V. S., & Hubbard, E. M.
(2001) Synaesthesia – a window into perception, thought and language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8, 3–34.
R Core Team
(2016) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL [URL].
Regier, T., Carstensen, A., & Kemp, C.
(2016) Languages support efficient communication about the environment: Words for snow revisited. PLOS ONE, 11, e0151138.
Richardson, M. P., Strange, B. A., & Dolan, R. J.
(2004) Encoding of emotional memories depends on amygdala and hippocampus and their interactions. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 278–285.
Richter, M., Eck, J., Straube, T., Miltner, W. H., & Weiss, T.
(2010) Do words hurt? Brain activation during the processing of pain-related words. Pain, 148, 198–205.
Roberts, G., Lewandowski, J., & Galantucci, B.
(2015) How communication changes when we cannot mime the world: Experimental evidence for the effect of iconicity on combinatoriality. Cognition, 141, 52–66.
Rock, I., & Victor, J.
(1964) Vision and touch: An experimentally created conflict between the two senses. Science, 143, 594–596.
Rolls, E.
(2008) Functions of the orbitofrontal and pregenual cingulate cortex in taste, olfaction, appetite and emotion. Acta Physiologica Hungarica, 95, 131–164.
(2002) Is there a hedonic dimension to odors? In C. Rouby, B. Schaal, D. Dubois, R. Gervais, & A. Holley (Eds.), Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition (pp. 140–159). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Royet, J. P., Zald, D., Versace, R., Costes, N., Lavenne, F., Koenig, O., & Gervais, R.
(2000) Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant olfactory, visual, and auditory stimuli: a positron emission tomography study. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 7752–7759.
Sadamitsu, M.
(2004) Synaesthesia re-examined: an alternative treatment of smell related concepts. Osaka University Papers in English Linguistics, 8, 109–125.
Sagiv, N., & Ward, J.
(2006) Crossmodal interactions: lessons from synesthesia. Progress in Brain Research, 155, 259–271.
(2016) Cross-modal associations between sounds and drink tastes/textures: a study with spontaneous production of sound-symbolic words. Chemical Senses, 41, 197–203.
Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J.
(2018) Bouba/Kiki in touch: Associations between tactile perceptual qualities and Japanese phonemes. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 295.
Sapir, E.
(1929) A study in phonetic symbolism. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 225–239.
San Roque, L., Kendrick, K. H., Norcliffe, E., Brown, P., Defina, R., Dingemanse, M., Dirksmeyer, T., Enfield, N., Floyd, S., Hammond, H., Rossi, G., Tufvesson, S., van Putten, S., & Majid, A.
(2015) Vision verbs dominate in conversation across cultures, but the ranking of non-visual verbs varies. Cognitive Linguistics, 26, 31–60.
San Roque, L., Kendrick, K. H., Norcliffe, E., & Majid, A.
(2018) Universal meaning extensions of perception verbs are grounded in interaction. Cognitive Linguistics, 29, 371–406.
Sathian, K., & Zangaladze, A.
(2002) Feeling with the mind’s eye: contribution of visual cortex to tactile perception. Behavioural Brain Research, 135, 127–132.
Sathian, K., Zangaladze, A., Hoffman, J. M., & Grafton, S. T.
(1997) Feeling with the mind’s eye. Neuroreport, 8, 3877–3881.
de Saussure, F.
(1959) [1916] Course in general linguistics. New York: The philosophical library.
Schiffman, S., Robinson, D. E., & Erickson, R. P.
(1977) Multidimensional scaling of odorants: Examination of psychological and physicochemical dimensions. Chemical Senses, 2, 375–390.
Schmeidler, E. & Kirchner, C.
(2001) Adding audio description: Does it make a difference?. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95, 197–212.
Schmidtke, D. S., Conrad, M., & Jacobs, A. M.
(2014) Phonological iconicity. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 80.
Schott, D. G.
(2004) Communicating the experience of pain: the role of analogy. Pain, 108, 209–212.
Schroeder, C. E., Lindsley, R. W., Specht, C., Marcovici, A., Smiley, J. F., & Javitt, D. C.
(2001) Somatosensory input to auditory association cortex in the macaque monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 85, 1322–1327.
Schürmann, M., Caetano, G., Jousmäki, V., & Hari, R.
(2004) Hands help hearing: facilitatory audiotactile interaction at low sound-intensity levels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115, 830–832.
Schütze, C. T.
(1996) The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Scrucca L., Fop, M., Murphy, T. B., & Raftery, A. E.
(2016) mclust 5: clustering, classification and density estimation using Gaussian finite mixture models. The R Journal, 8/1, 205–233.
Searle, J.
(1969) Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Semino, E.
(2010) Descriptions of pain, metaphor, and embodied simulation. Metaphor and Symbol, 25, 205–226.
Sergent, J., Ohta, S., & MacDonald, B.
(1992) Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study. Brain, 115, 15–36.
(2013) A reduced redundancy usenet corpus (2005–2011). Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta. Retrieved from <[URL]>.
Shepard, R. N., & Cooper, L. A.
(1992) Representation of colors in the blind, color-blind, and normally sighted. Psychological Science, 3, 97–104.
Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J.
(1971) Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171, 701–703.
Shen, Y.
(1997) Cognitive constraints on poetic figures. Cognitive Linguistics, 8, 33–71.
Shen, Y.
(1998) How come silence is sweet but sweetness is not silent: a cognitive account of directionality in poetic synaesthesia. Language and Literature, 7, 123–140.
Shen, Y.
(2008) Metaphor and poetic figures. In R. W. Gibbs (Ed.), Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 295–307). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Shen, Y., & Aisenman, R.
(2008) Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter: Synaesthetic metaphors and cognition. Language and Literature, 17, 107–121.
Shen, Y., & Cohen, M.
(1998) How come silence is sweet but sweetness is not silent: a cognitive account of directionality in poetic synaesthesia. Language and Literature, 7, 123–140.
Shen, Y., & Gil, D.
(2007) Sweet fragrances from Indonesia: A universal principle governing directionality in synaesthetic Metaphors. In W. van Peer, & J. Auracher (Eds.), New beginnings in literary studies (pp. 49–71). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Shen, Y., & Gadir, O.
(2009) How to interpret the music of caressing: Target and source assignment in synaesthetic genitive constructions. Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 357–371.
Shen, Y., & Porat, R.
(2017) Metaphorical directionality: The role of language. In B. Hampe (Ed.), Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse (pp. 62–81). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Shermer, D. Z., & Levitan, C. A.
(2014) Red hot: The crossmodal effect of color intensity on perceived piquancy. Multisensory Research, 27, 207–223.
Shibuya, Y., & Nozawa, H.
(2003) Constraints on synaesthesia. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 403–414). Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
(2011) Modalities and directions in synaesthetic metaphors in Japanese. Cognitive Studies, 18, 491–507.
Shintel, H., & Nusbaum, H. C.
(2007) The sound of motion in spoken language: Visual information conveyed by acoustic properties of speech. Cognition, 105, 681–690.
Shintel, H., Nusbaum, H. C., & Okrent, A.
(2006) Analog acoustic expression in speech communication. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 167–177.
Sidhu, D. M., & Pexman, P. M.
(2017) Five mechanisms of sound symbolic association. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1–25.
Sidhu, D. M., & Pexman, P. M.
(2018) Lonely sensational icons: semantic neighbourhood density, sensory experience and iconicity. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 33, 25–31.
Silberzahn
et al. (2017) Many analysts, one dataset: Making transparent how variations in analytical choices affect results. Open Science Framework [ [URL] , accessed May 29, 2017 ]
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U.
(2011) False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22, 1359–1366.
Simner, J.
(2012) Defining synaesthesia. British Journal of Psychology, 103, 1–15.
Simner, J., Cuskley, C., & Kirby, S.
(2010) What sound does that taste? Cross-modal mappings across gustation and audition. Perception, 39, 553–569.
(2012) Managing sensory expectations concerning products and brands: Capitalizing on the potential of sound and shape symbolism. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22, 37–54.
Spence, C.
(2013) Multisensory flavour perception. Current Biology, 23, R365–R369.
(2015) Eating with our ears: Assessing the importance of the sounds of consumption to our perception and enjoyment of multisensory flavour experiences. Flavour, 4, 3.
Spence, C., & Bayne, T.
(2015) Is consciousness multisensory? In D. Stokes, M. Matthen & S. Biggs (Eds.), Perception and its modalities (pp. 95–132). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Spence, C., Nicholls, M. E., & Driver, J.
(2001) The cost of expecting events in the wrong sensory modality. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 330–336.
Spence, C., & Piqueras-Fiszman, B.
(2014) The perfect meal: The multisensory science of food and dining. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
Spence, C., Smith, B., & Auvray, M.
(2015) Confusing tastes and flavours. In D. Stokes, M. Matthen, & S. Biggs (Eds.), Perception and its modalities (pp. 247–274). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Spencer, N. J.
(1973) Differences between linguists and nonlinguists in intuitions of grammaticality-acceptability. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2, 83–98.
Spivey, M.
(2007) The continuity of mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sprouse, J. & Hornstein, N.
(2013) Experimental syntax and island effects. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Stadtlander, L. M., & Murdoch, L. D.
(2000) Frequency of occurrence and rankings for touch-related adjectives. Behavior Research Methods, 32, 579–587.
Stanfield, R. A., & Zwaan, R. A.
(2001) The effect of implied orientation derived from verbal context on picture recognition. Psychological Science, 12, 153–156.
Staniewski, P.
(2017) Geschmack und smak– sprachliche Aspekte der gustatorischen Wahrnehmung im Deutschen und Polnischen. In J. Szczek & M. Kalasznik (Eds.), Beiträge zur Fremdsprachenvermittlung (pp. 223–248). Landau: Verlag Empirische Pädagogik.
Steen, G. J., Dorst, A. G., Herrmann, J. B., Kaal, A., Krennmayr, T., & Pasma, T.
(1999) Confusing tastes and smells: how odours can influence the perception of sweet and sour tastes. Chemical Senses, 24, 627–635.
Stevens, S. S.
(1975) Psychophysics: Introduction to its perceptual, neural, and social prospects. New York: Wiley.
Stevens, J. C., & Marks, L. E.
(1965) Cross-modality matching of brightness and loudness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 54, 407–411.
Stewart, D.
(2010) Semantic prosody: A critical evaluation. London: Routledge.
Stoffregen, T. A., & Bardy, B. G.
(2001) On specification and the senses. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 195–213.
Stokes, D., & Biggs, S.
(2015) The dominance of the visual. In D. Stokes, M. Matthen & S. Biggs (Eds.), Perception and its modalities (pp. 350–378). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S.
(1988) Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 768–777.
Strik Lievers, F.
(2015) Synaesthesia: A corpus-based study of cross-modal directionality. In R. Caballero, & C. Paradis (Eds.), Functions of language, sensory perceptions in language and cognition (pp. 69–95). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Strik Lievers, F.
(2016) Synaesthetic metaphors in translation. Studi e Saggi Linguistici, 54, 43–70.
(2018) Sensory language across lexical categories. Lingua, 204, 45–61.
Stubbs, M.
(2001) Words and phrases. Oxford: Blackwell.
Styles, S. J., & Gawne, L.
(2017) When does maluma/takete fail? Two key failures and a meta-analysis suggest that phonology and phonotactics matter. i-Perception, 8.
Suárez-Toste, E.
(2013) One man’s cheese is another man’s music: Synaesthesia and the bridging of cultural differences in the language of sensory perception. In R. Caballero & J. Díaz-Vera (Eds.), Sensuous Cognition (pp. 169–191). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sullivan, K., & Jiang, W.
(2013) When my eyes are on you, do you touch my eyes? A reclassification of metaphors mapping from physical contact to perception. In T. Fuyin Li (Eds.), Compendium of cognitive linguistics research volume 2 (pp. 189–200). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
Sun, C., Koppel, K., & Chambers, E.
(2014) An initial lexicon of sensory properties for nail polish. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 36, 262–272.
Suzuki, Y., Gyoba, J., & Sakamoto, S.
(2008) Selective effects of auditory stimuli on tactile roughness perception. Brain Research, 1242, 87–94.
Sweetser, E.
(1990) From etymology to pragmatics: Metaphorical and cultural aspects of semantic structure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Synnott, A.
(1991) Puzzling over the senses: From Plato to Marx. In D. Howes (Ed.), The varieties of sensory experience: A sourcebook in the anthropology of the senses (pp. 61–76). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Szarkowska, A.
(2011) Text-to-speech audio description: towards wider availability of AD. Journal of Specialised Translation, 15, 81–98.
Talavera, M., & Chambers, D. H.
(2016) Flavor lexicon and characteristics of artisan goat cheese from the United States. Journal of Sensory Studies, 31, 492–506.
Taboada, M.
(2016) Sentiment analysis: An overview from linguistics. Annual Review of Linguistics, 2, 325–347.
Taylor, J. R.
(1995) Linguistic categorization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Teghtsoonian, M., & Teghtsoonian, R.
(1965) Seen and felt length. Psychonomic Science, 3, 465–466.
Tekiroğlu, S. S., Özbal, G., & Strapparava, C.
(2014) A computational approach to generate a sensorial lexicon. In Proceedings of the COLING 2014 Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of the Lexicon (CogALex), August 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
Tekiroğlu, S. S., Özbal, G., & Strapparava, C.
(2015) Exploring sensorial features for metaphor identification. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Metaphor in NLP (pp. 31–39). Denver, Colorado: Association for Computational Linguistics.
Thagard, P. R.
(1978) The best explanation: Criteria for theory choice. The Journal of Philosophy, 75, 76–92.
Thierry, G., Athanasopoulos, P., Wiggett, A., Dering, B., & Kuipers, J. R.
(2009) Unconscious effects of language-specific terminology on preattentive color perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 4567–4570.
Thompson, G., & Hunston, S.
(2000) Evaluation: An introduction. In S. Hunston & G. Thompson (Eds.), Evaluation in text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse (pp. 38–55). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Thompson, P. D., & Estes, Z.
(2011) Sound symbolic naming of novel objects is a graded function. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 2392–2404.
Thoret, E., Aramaki, M., Kronland-Martinet, R., Velay, J. L., & Ystad, S.
(2014) From sound to shape: auditory perception of drawing movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40, 983–994.
Thorndike, E. L.
(1948) On the frequency of semantic changes in modern English. The Journal of General Psychology, 39, 23–27.
Tomasino, B., Fink, G. R., Sparing, R., Dafotakis, M., & Weiss, P. H.
(2008) Action verbs and the primary motor cortex: a comparative TMS study of silent reading, frequency judgments, and motor imagery. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1915–1926.
Tracey, I.
(2005) Nociceptive processing in the human brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 478–487.
Troche, J., Crutch, S. J., & Reilly, J.
(2017) Defining a conceptual topography of word concreteness: Clustering properties of emotion, sensation, and magnitude among 750 English words. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1787.
Tsur, R.
(1992) Toward a theory of cognitive poetics. Amsterdam: North Holland.
Tsur, R.
(2006) Size–sound symbolism revisited. Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 905–924.
Tsur, R.
(2007) Issues in literary synaesthesia. Style, 41, 30–51.
Tsur, R.
(2008) Toward a theory of cognitive poetics. (2nd edition) Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
Turatto, M., Galfano, G., Bridgeman, B., & Umiltà, C.
(2004) Space-independent modality-driven attentional capture in auditory, tactile and visual systems. Experimental Brain Research, 155, 301–310.
Turner, B. H., Mishkin, M., & Knapp, M.
(1980) Organization of the amygdalopetal projections from modality‐specific cortical association areas in the monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 191, 515–543.
Ullmann, S.
(1945) Romanticism and synaesthesia: A comparative study of sense transfer in Keats and Byron. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 60, 811–827.
Ullmann, S.
(1959) The principles of semantics. Glasgow: Jackson, Son & Co.
Ultan, R.
(1978) Size-sound symbolism. In J. H. Greenberg, C. A. Ferguson, & E. A. Moravcsik (Eds.), Universals of human language, Vol 2: Phonology (pp. 525–568). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Urbanek, S.
(2013) png: Read and write PNG images. R package version 0.1–7. [URL]
Usnadze, D.
(1924) Ein experimenteller Beitrag zum Problem der psychologischen Grundlagen der Namengebung. Psychologische Forschung, 5, 24–43.
(2002) Modern applied statistics with S (4th Ed.). New York: Springer.
Viberg, Å.
(1983) The verbs of perception: a typological study. Linguistics, 21, 123–162.
Viberg, Å.
(1993) Crosslinguistic perspectives on lexical organization and lexical progression. In K. Hyltenstam, & Å. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological and linguistic perspectives (pp. 340 – 385). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Vickers, Z. M.
(1984) Crispness and crunchiness –! A difference in pitch?Journal of Texture Studies, 15, 157–163.
Vigliocco, G., Meteyard, L., Andrews, M., & Kousta, S.
(2009) Toward a theory of semantic representation. Language and Cognition, 1, 219–247.
Vinson, D. P., Cormier, K., Denmark, T., Schembri, A., & Vigliocco, G.
(2008) The British Sign Language (BSL) norms for age of acquisition, familiarity, and iconicity. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 1079–1087.
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., & Baler, R. D.
(2011) Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 37–46.
Vukovic, N., Fardo, F., & Shtyrov, Y.
(2019) When words burn – language processing differentially modulates pain perception in typical and chronic pain populations. Language and Cognition.
Vukovic, N., & Williams, J. N.
(2014) Automatic perceptual simulation of first language meanings during second language sentence processing in bilinguals. Acta Psychologica, 145, 98–103.
Wagenmakers, E. J., Beek, T., Dijkhoff, L., Gronau, Q. F., Acosta, A., Adams Jr, R. B., Albohn, D. N., Allard, E. S., Benning, S. D., Blouin-Hudon, E.-M., Bulnes, L. C., Caldwell, T. L., Calin-Jageman, R. J., Capaldi, C. A., Carfagno, N. S., Chasten, K. T., Cleeremans, A., Connell, L., DeCicco, J. M., Dijkstra, K., Fischer, A. H., Foroni, F., Hess, U., Holmes, K. J., Jones, J. L. H., Klein, O., Koch, C., Korb, S., Lewinski, P., Liao, J. D., Lund, S., Lupianez, J., Lynott, D., Nance, C. N., Oosterwijk, S., Ozdoğru, A. A., Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Pearson, B., Powis, C., Riding, S., Roberts, T.-A., Rumiati, R. I., Senden, M., Shea-Shumsky, N. B., Sobocko, K., Soto, J. A., Steiner, T. G., Talarico, J. M., van Allen, Z. M., Vandekerckhove, M., Wainwright, B., Wayand, J. F., Zeelenberg, R., Zetzer, E. E., & Zwaan, R. A.
(2016) The continuity of metaphor: Evidence from temporal gestures. Cognitive Science, 40, 481–495.
Walsh, V.
(2000) Neuropsychology: The touchy, feely side of vision. Current Biology, 10, R34–R35.
Walsh, V.
(2003) A theory of magnitude: common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 483–488.
Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M.
(2013) Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1191–1207.
Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V.
(2015) Affective biases in English are bi-dimensional. Cognition and Emotion, 29, 1147–1167.
Waskul, D. D., Vannini, P., & Wilson, J.
(2009) The aroma of recollection: Olfaction, nostalgia, and the shaping of the sensuous self. The Senses and Society, 4, 5–22.
Wasow, T., & Arnold, J.
(2005) Intuitions in linguistic argumentation. Lingua, 115, 1481–1496.
Watanabe, J., Utsunomiya, Y., Tsukurimichi, H., & Sakamoto, M.
(2012) Relationship between Phonemes and Tactile-emotional Evaluations in Japanese Sound Symbolic Words. In N. Miyake, D. Peebles, & R. P. Cooper (Eds.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2517–2522). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
(2006) The cognitive accessibility of synaesthetic metaphors. In R. Sun, & N. Miyake (Eds.), Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2365–2370). London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Whitney, A. H.
(1952) Synaesthesia in twentieth-century Hungarian poetry. The Slavonic and East European Review, 30, 444–464.
(2017a) stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations. R package version 1.2.0. [URL]
Wickham, H.
(2017b) tidyverse: Easily install and load ‘tidyverse’ packages. R package version 1.1.1. [URL]
Wilce, J. M.
(2009) Language and emotion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Willander, J., & Larsson, M.
(2006) Smell your way back to childhood: Autobiographical odor memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 240–244.
Willems, R. M., Labruna, L., D’Esposito, M., Ivry, R., & Casasanto, D.
(2011) A functional role for the motor system in language understanding: evidence from theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation. Psychological Science, 22, 849–854.
Willems, R. M., & Francken, J. C.
(2012) Embodied cognition: taking the next step. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 582.
Williams, J.
(1976) Synaesthetic adjectives: A possible law of semantic change. Language, 52, 461–478.
(2012) Language comprehenders represent object distance both visually and auditorily. Language and Cognition, 4, 1–16.
Winter, B., & Matlock, T.
(2013) Making judgments based on similarity and proximity. Metaphor and Symbol, 28, 219–232.
Winter, B. & Matlock, T.
(2017) Primary metaphors are both cultural and embodied. In B. Hampe (Ed.), Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse (pp. 99–115). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Winter, B., & Matlock, T., Shaki, S., & Fischer, M.
(2015) Mental number space in three dimensions. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 209–219.
Winter, B., Marghetis, T., & Matlock, T.
(2015) Of magnitudes and metaphors: Explaining cognitive interactions between space, time, and number. Cortex, 64, 209–224.
Winter, B., Perlman, M., & Majid, A.
(2018) Vision dominates in perceptual language: English sensory vocabulary is optimized for usage. Cognition, 179, 213–220.
(1997) Emotion, olfaction, and the human amygdala: amygdala activation during aversive olfactory stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94, 4119–4124.
Zangaladze, A., Epstein, C. M., Grafton, S. T., & Sathian, K.
(1999) Involvement of visual cortex in tactile discrimination of orientation. Nature, 401, 587–590.
Zarzo, M.
(2008) Psychologic dimensions in the perception of everyday odors: pleasantness and edibility. Journal of Sensory Studies, 23, 354–376.
Zatorre, R. J., Jones-Gotman, M., Evans, A. C., & Meyer, E.
(1992) Functional localization and lateralization of human olfactory cortex. Nature, 360, 339–340.