Index

• adjective 54, 79, 87, 89–90, 92

• adverb 21, 26, 80, 82, 84, 89–90, 92, 175

• advertisement 76–78, 91
  • advertising 74–75, 77–79, 85, 89–92

• Age of Codification 3, 8–9

• Age of Prescriptivism 3, 7–9, 102

• alterity1

• anti-prescriptivism 7, 9, 21–22 ; see also prescriptivism

• author 11, 44, 50, 53, 56–58, 60, 150, 152–153, 199, 206
  • authorship 78, 149, 156
  • authorship attribution 149, 153, 156–157, 164

• Baker, Robert) 12–14, 18, 31, 44, 71

• British National Corpus (BNC) 18–20

• book producers 73–76, 84, 89–90

• British school curriculum13

• Corpus of American English Proverbs (CAEP) 130, 134–137

• Caxton, William 74–76, 88–89, 91, 94–96

• certain 5, 169, 171–172, 176–187
  • certain predictions 5, 171, 174, 176, 178–181, 186–187
  • certainty 5, 171, 174–176, 179, 185–187 ; see also non-certain

• character n-gram 149–152, 154, 156

• Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) 19, 131

• Codification 8–9

• Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) 19–20

• commissive 5, 167, 178–187

• commitment 30, 41, 179, 186

• comparative 49, 51–52, 61–63, 66, 87, 130, 167, 169

• complaint 13, 161

• community of practice2

• consensus tree 157, 159

• convention 5, 73–75, 77–78, 89–90, 93, 129–130, 138, 144, 167–168, 177, 191, 194–196, 202–205
  • conventional formulae 169, 182

• Corpus of Early English Correspondence Sampler (CEECS)170

• correctness 9, 20, 29–30, 32, 38, 45, 49, 102

• Cramp, William 53, 57–60, 67, 71

• Crombie, Alexander 49–50, 53–59, 67, 71

• dendrogram 4, 150, 161

• descriptive 2, 8–11, 49, 51–52, 61, 65–67

• descriptivism8

• dialect 5, 15, 18, 45, 149, 151, 153–154, 191, 194, 196, 199–200, 206–208
  • dialectal 16–18, 45, 156, 162, 164
  • dialect graphy 191–192, 196, 207–208
  • dialect spelling 5, 191–192, 194–195, 207–208

• directive 177–178, 184–185

• discourse
  • discourse community2
  • discourse tradition 1–2, 129–130, 137–138, 142–144
  • discourse traditional norms 132, 137–138, 141, 144

• double negation 10, 14

• dual-layer storage model 4, 132–135

• Early English Books Online (EEBO) 79–80, 93

• Early Modern English (EModE) 78, 110, 167, 170–171, 172, 176–177, 179–182, 184, 186

• The Educated 40–41

• error 4, 10, 13, 29, 31, 34, 44–45, 99–101, 106–109, 111–113, 115–117, 119, 121, 144

• extra-textual150

• face 177–178, 185
  • face wants177
  • negative face 178, 185
  • positive face178

• formula 42, 80–81, 84–86, 90–92, 139, 163–164, 167–169, 177, 180
  • formulaic 77, 163–164, 167–169, 177, 179–180, 183, 185

• Fowler, Henry 7, 19–20, 24, 29, 32, 43–44, 71, 104, 114

• functional variation 3–5, 149

• Garner, Bryan 16–17, 19, 25, 30–32, 41–44

• genre 4–5, 51, 53, 63, 66, 138, 143, 149, 151–152, 157, 159, 163–164

• grammar writing 11, 49–53, 57, 59–61, 63, 65–66

• graphemic variants5

• hard word 104, 115, 121

• Heffer, Simon 16, 22

• HeidelGram 51–53, 66

• Helsinki Corpus of English Texts 170

• Helsinki Corpus of Older Scots (HCOS)170

• historical 1, 15, 50–52, 61–63, 65–66, 117, 145, 154, 163, 176–177, 191–192, 197–200, 202, 204–208

• Hyper Usage Guide of English (HUGE) 3, 9, 14, 31, 39, 45–47

• Hurd, Seth T.13

• hyperstandard40

• intention 104, 117, 167, 169, 172–174, 185–186
  • intentional 105–106, 167–168, 172, 183, 185–186

• Ireland 196–198, 207

• irregular
  • irregular verbs 9, 14–18

• Johnson, Samuel 12–13, 57, 71, 101, 109, 111, 118–119, 123

• Koch, Peter 1–2, 129–130, 137, 193

• language change 139, 145, 206

• language of distance193 see also Sprache der Distanz

• language of immediacy193 see also Sprache der Nähe

• Latinate 105, 110, 112, 114–115, 120–121

• letter 5, 53, 78, 101, 107, 126, 128, 130, 150–151, 153–154, 156–164, 167–170, 174–187
  • letter-writing168

• lexical access133

• Lowth, Robert 10, 12–13, 16, 27, 55–60, 66, 71

• malapropism 3, 99–121, 124–128

• many writers 29, 41–43

• Corpus of Middle English Local Documents (MELD) 150, 152, 154–155, 157–158, 162

• metalanguage 3, 30, 32

• metalinguistic 2, 52, 101, 117, 140

• Middle English 154, 164

• modal 168–169, 171–173, 181, 185–187
  • modal auxiliary 5, 186–187
  • modal meaning 172, 185–187

• Mrs Malaprop 4, 99–100, 102–109, 112–115, 117, 121–122

• multidimensional scaling 4, 153, 155, 162

• Murray, Gerald 57–59, 66–67, 71

• Murray, Lindley 10, 49, 50, 55–60, 66, 71

• negation see double negation

• network analysis 2–3, 49–53, 71

• n-gram 4, 149–154, 156, 163

• non-certain 5, 169, 171–172, 176–178, 180–181, 184–185, 187
  • non-certainty 175, 185 ; see also certain

• non-commissive 167, 183, 187

• non-standard English 41–43

• normative grammar 8, 11

• Oesterreicher, Wulf 1, 129–130, 137–138, 193, 210

• official
  • official correspondence 169, 183, 185, 187
  • official letters 167, 170, 176, 178–184, 187

• Older Scots (OSc) 167, 172, 187

• onomasiological30

• paratextual communication 74, 76
  • paratextual element 73–74

• phonetic 50–51, 61, 64–65, 67, 103, 119

• phonology 51, 61, 64

• Pinker, Steven 21–22

• Poldauf, Ivan11

• pragmatic function 5, 178, 183, 186–187

• prediction 167, 169, 171–174, 176, 178–181, 186–187
  • predictive 167, 171

• preposition stranding10

• prescription 7–8, 10, 12, 20, 65–67
  • prescribed 30, 43, 195
  • prescriptive 3, 8, 10, 20, 23, 29, 31–32, 51–52, 59–61, 66, 167
  • prescriptivist 11–12
  • Prescriptivism 3, 7–12, 20–23, 30, 51, 62, 65, 102 ; see also anti-prescriptivism

• print 73, 76, 80–82

• prologue 73, 75, 85–86, 89

• promotional 73–74, 76–80, 87, 89, 91–92
  • promotional discourse 78, 83, 87, 90
  • promotional strategy 79, 91

• proscription12
  • proscribed 30, 32, 38, 42–43

• proverb 4, 129–145
  • mental representation of proverbs 129–130, 132, 138, 144

• Pyles, Thomas 11–12

• register 162, 164, 200

• request 177–178

• The Rules 40–41

• Saussure, Ferdinand de194

• scholarly
  • scholarly grammars 53, 61
  • scholarly networks53

• Scots 5, 167–168, 170, 172, 187, 201–202, 204

• scriptorium style 5, 157

• Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 4, 99–107, 109–112, 114–115, 117–121, 124–127

• Sheridan, Thomas 102, 104, 124

• shibboleths 29, 42

• SNOOTS41

• sociolect103

• some readers 29, 40–43

• speech error 4, 99–100, 105–106, 115–116, 121

• spelling
  • spelling conventions 5, 191, 195
  • spelling variation 3, 150–151, 154, 164

• Sprache der Nähe193 see also language of immediacy

• Sprache der Distanz193 see also language of distance

• Standard English 15, 18, 23, 40–43, 167, 191, 203, 207
  • standardisation process 8–10, 12, 23 ; see also hyperstandard

• stigmatisation15
  • stigmatized42

• Stylo 4, 149–154, 157, 159, 161, 163

• stylometry 149–150
  • stylometric 4, 149, 151, 153–154, 164

• subjectivity 171, 174
  • subjective171

• substitution 108, 113–115, 120

• target 38, 93, 99, 101, 108–109, 112–113, 115–116, 119–121, 124–128

• teaching grammars 53, 60

• title-page 73–82, 84–85, 87, 89–93

• Tooke, John Horne 54–56, 58–59, 66, 71

• Ulster 197–198

• Ulster Scots 196–198, 200–207

• usage guide 2–3, 7–10, 12–16, 18, 20, 29–31, 40–41, 44 ; see also Baker, Fowler, Hurd

• usage problems 2–3, 7, 13–14, 16, 18, 21–23

• vernacular universal203

• Walker, John 102, 107, 109–111, 118–120

• wills 159–160

• wordlist 199–200