Index

doi:10.1075/clcc.14.index

Part of

Learning to Read, Learning Religion: Catechism primers in Europe from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries
Edited by Britta Juska-Bacher, M.O. Grenby, Tuija Laine and Wendelin Sroka
[Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition 14] 2023
► pp. 369–375

Index

A

ABC book,359; see also (explanation of term)

ABC war of Kirchheim,19, 53, 59

adult learner,22, 38, 83, 101, 178, 183

Africa,6, 103

alphabet board,7, 359

alphabet method,48–54, 66, 143, 144, 252, 256, 337, 360

America,6, 19, 20, 22, 39, 142, 179, 182, 185, 316, 338, 364; See also USA

Anglican,29, 178–79, 316, 349, 361

Antiqua.See Roman type

Apostles’ Creed.See Creed

arithmetic,44; Denmark, 97, 98; England, 177; Finland, 170, 174; Italy, 273, 284; the Netherlands, 214; Sweden, 159.; See also counting

Asia,6, 13, 20, 339

audience.See target group

Austria,4, 365; Germany, 68; Italy, 275; Poland, 83, 86; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 260, 261, 264, 267; rooster primer, 280, 324

Ave Maria,See Hail Mary

B

babuino,263–64, 276, 360

Baptism,9, 40, 360, 362, 364; Denmark, 97, 107; Estonia, 191; Finland, 165, 169; Germany, 62; Iceland 115, 121; the Netherlands, 205, 207, 208, 211, 215; Sweden, 152, 153, 157, 160, 162; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251

Basque,222, 292

battledore,184, 360

Bible,18, 29–30, 338; Denmark, 98, 105; England, 178, 182; Estonia, 192, 196, 199; Finland, 166, 170, 172; France, 218, 219, 226; Germany, 65, 66; Greenland, 124, 134, 135, 136; the Netherlands, 204, 206, 208; Norway, 140, 148; Poland, 78, 84; Sweden, 155, 156, 159, 162; Switzerland, French-speaking, 237, 241; Switzerland, German-speaking, 247; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261, 266; rooster primer, 326, 328

bilingual,315–16, 324; Denmark, 102; Finland, 170; France, 227; Germany, 57, 66, 70; Greenland, 128; Italy, 280; Poland, 83; Sweden, 158, 161–62; Switzerland, French-speaking, 235; Switzerland, German-speaking, 246; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 264

blackletter,23, 51, 361; Finland, 170, 173; France, 225, 227; Iceland 120, 121; the Netherlands, 205, 211, 213, 214; Norway, 143, 144, 148; Poland, 89, 91; Sweden, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162; Spain, 300, 301; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251, 254, 255

Bohemia,324, 353

Bokmål,140, 141, 315, 357

book history,2, 11, 60, 65, 339

Book of Hours,36, 221

bookbinder,20, 26, 102, 320, 340

booklet of names,345–46, 365

bookseller,20, 102, 110, 219, 222, 277

boy,21, 37, 39, 51, 62, 63, 67, 70, 85, 97, 102, 177, 193, 212, 241, 277, 287

Britain,41–43, 45, 324, 337, 364

broken script.See blackletter

C

Calvin,219, 235, 238, 241, 266, 267

Calvinist,58, 79, 103, 207, 237

Canisius,11, 30, 318, 367; England, 181; France, 222, 225; Germany, 63–64, 65; the Netherlands, 206; Poland, 81; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249

Castilian,21, 27, 292, 294, 302–4

Catechesis,9, 10, 11, 42, 44, 57, 58, 60, 260, 295, 325, 340

catechism,361(explanation of term)

catechism primer,361; see also (explanation of term)

Chaucer, Geoffrey,36, 178

Chief parts of Christian faith,5, 9, 12, 24, 328, 362; Estonia, 196, 199; Finland, 170, 171; Germany, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71; Iceland 121; the Netherlands, 205

childhood,2, 33, 39, 41, 85, 100

children’s book,35–47, 105, 179, 185, 206, 314, 361

children’s literature,35–47; See also children’s book

Christ-cross.See Criss-cross-row

church law,96, 152, 166, 193

colonial,9, 13, 19, 20, 38, 39, 44, 179, 339

colony,27, 98, 103, 125, 179, 316, 338–39

Comenius, Jan Amos,105, 214

communion: Finland,166, 167; France, 219, 223; Iceland 115, 121; the Netherlands, 205, 207, 208, 211, 215; Norway, 97

compulsory school,58, 126, 141, 142

confession,362, 364; Denmark, 107; Estonia, 199; Finland, 165, 169; France, 218, 227, 229; Germany, 67; Iceland 121; Spain, 298; Sweden, 153; Switzerland, German-speaking, 250

Council of Trent,23, 30, 81, 219, 222, 274, 293

Counter-Reformation,19, 23, 24, 29, 55, 337, 340, 341; Estonia, 191; Germany, 57, 63; Italy, 272, 274, 278; Poland, 79; Switzerland, French-speaking, 234; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 260, 261

counting,10, 88, 214, 219, 273

Courland,324, 355

Creed,9, 31, 36, 38, 39, 51, 316, 362; Denmark, 96, 102, 107, 110; England, 177, 178, 179, 182; Estonia, 191; Finland, 165, 169, 170; France, 218, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229; Germany, 56, 62, 63, 65, 67; Greenland, 124, 129, 130, 131; Iceland 114, 115, 119, 121; Italy, 272, 277, 280, 284; the Netherlands, 204, 205, 207, 209, 211, 215; Norway, 140, 150; Poland, 78, 84, 85, 91; Spain, 292, 298, 303; Sweden, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162; Switzerland, French-speaking, 234, 237, 238; Switzerland, German-speaking, 246, 250,251, 254; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 259, 262, 266

Creole,39, 96, 98, 103, 315

Criss-cross-row,362

cultural history,2, 4, 28, 154, 198

curriculum,1; England, 177, 178; Germany, 57; the Netherlands, 206; Sweden, 153; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 260, 261, 263, 264, 267, 268

Czech rooster primer,353, 354, 366

D

Danish,21–22, 96–113, 315; Greenland, 125, 127, 133, 134, 136; Iceland 114, 116, 117; Norway, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146; rooster primer, 322, 325, 329, 354, 366

Denmark,32, 52, 55, 58, 96–113, 312–13, 315, 345, 349, 351; Estonia, 191; Greenland, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 135, 136; Iceland 114, 116, 116, 117; Norway, 140, 141, 142, 143; rooster primer, 319, 324, 329, 353 ,354

denomination,29–34, 316, 325, 349, 353–57

dialect,27; Estonia, 192, 195, 196; Greenland, 133; Norway, 140, 141; Sweden, 161; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261, 267

didactics,35, 40, 52–53; France, 227; Italy, 275, 277; Switzerland, French-speaking, 239; Switzerland, German-speaking, 247; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 263

Dissenters,178, 181, 316, 349

distribution (of catechism primers),19–20, 26, 195, 200; rooster primer, 323, 324, 326, 331

Dutch,33, 41, 45, 204–17, 315; Denmark, 100, 101, 103; Greenland, 126; Norway, 103; rooster primer, 322, 355, 366

E

East India Company,12, 44, 212

England,7, 20, 21, 24, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 37, 177–90, 312, 313, 315, 316, 338, 346, 349, 351, 364

English,36, 37, 39, 44, 177–90, 312, 346, 359, 362; Denmark, 103, 105; Sweden, 157

engraving,44, 90, 92, 187, 226

Enlightenment,12, 24, 27, 33–34, 53, 313, 331, 337, 339; Denmark, 98; Estonia, 198; Germany, 59, 64, 66; Iceland 116; the Netherlands, 206, 208–9; Norway, 141, 143; Poland, 82; Spain, 293; Sweden, 159; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238; Switzerland, German-speaking, 247, 253; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261

Enlightenment primer,142, 247, 253, 362

Eritrea,324, 332, 356

Estonia,4, 52, 55, 191–203, 313, 315, 316, 346, 349, 351; rooster primer, 319, 324, 329, 331, 355, 356, 357

Estonian,191–203, 346; rooster primer, 322, 324, 325, 329, 331, 334, 355, 357, 366

Eucharist,9, 32, 363, 366; Estonia, 191, 194; Finland, 165–66, 169; France, 223; Sweden, 152, 153, 157, 160, 162; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238

Europe, beyond,6, 13, 17, 26, 29, 311, 318, 336, 338

evening prayer,317, 363; Denmark, 107, 110; Finland, 165, 169, 173; Germany, 64, 69; Greenland, 129; Iceland 121; the Netherlands, 205, 208, 211; Norway, 144; Poland, 91; Sweden, 152, 157, 160, 162; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251, 256

explanation,363; Denmark, 97; Estonia, 193; Finland, 170, 172; France, 219; Germany, 71; Greenland, 131; Iceland 117, 119; Italy, 284, 285; Norway, 141; Spain, 294; Switzerland, German-speaking, 250

F

Finland,4, 11, 32, 34, 38, 55, 165–76, 313, 315, 318, 346, 349, 351; Estonia, 193; Germany, 63; Norway, 142; Sweden, 153, 155, 159; rooster primer, 319, 326, 357, 366

Finnish,3, 165–76; Estonia, 192, 196, 197, 198; Sweden, 153, 154, 155; rooster primer, 324, 325, 329, 356–57, 366

Fraktur,363; Denmark, 105, 108, 110; Estonia, 199, 200; Germany, 70, 73; Greenland, 128; Sweden, 160, 161; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 264

France,19, 20, 23–24, 30, 33, 38, 55, 218–33, 313, 316, 318, 324, 341, 346, 349, 351; Estonia, 199; Germany, 64; Italy, 276; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238; rooster primer, 355

French,30, 33, 36, 218–33, 234–45, 313, 315, 316, 317, 346, 349, 351, 353, 355; Denmark, 96; 102, 105; England, 182; Estonia, 199; Poland, 88; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 264, 265

G

gender,22, 277

German,3, 4, 6, 22, 27, 30, 52, 55, 56–77, 246–58, 313, 315, 316, 336, 339, 346, 349, 351, 359, 360, 363, 365, 366; Denmark, 96, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110; England, 182; Estonia, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 199; Greenland, 130; Iceland 115, 116, 117, 125; Norway, 143; Poland, 78, 83, 85, 88; Sweden, 156, 157; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 264, 265, 266; rooster primer, 319, 322, 325, 329, 331, 332, 353, 354, 355, 356

German, Low,315, 366; Denmark, 96, 100, 101, 102; Germany, 56, 57, 61, 62, 66, 70; rooster primer, 324, 329, 353, 354

Germanisation,79, 82, 316

Germany,2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 13, 21, 25, 29, 48, 53, 56–77, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 336, 338, 341, 345, 349, 351, 365, 367; Estonia, 192, 199; France, 226; Greenland, 127, 133; the Netherlands, 208; Poland, 78, 80; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251; rooster primer, 319, 322, 324, 326, 331, 353–54, 356

Gezelius, Johannes (Bishop),155, 168–69, 172, 173

girl,22, 85, 174, 226, 235, 263, 277

Gothic letters.See blackletter

Gothic script.See blackletter

Grace.See Table blessings

Greece,338

Greek,9, 48, 57, 96, 235, 237

Greenland,13, 21, 53, 55, 124–39, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 339, 345, 349, 351; Denmark, 96, 98; Germany, 58

Greenlandic,18, 124–39, 315, 345; Denmark, 96, 98, 103

H

Habsburg Empire,204, 338, 365

Hail Mary,9, 31, 36, 38, 316, 364; England, 178, 181; France, 218, 221, 225, 227; Germany, 64, 65, 67, 69; Italy, 272, 277, 280, 284–85; the Netherlands, 205, 207; Poland, 84, 85; Spain, 300, 303; Switzerland, French-speaking, 237, 238; Switzerland, German-speaking, 250, 252; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 259, 262

handwriting,6, 148, 157, 159, 227, 284, 285, 286

handwritten primers,36, 67, 118, 126, 127, 130, 179, 294, 338

hawker,20, 26, 219

Hebrew,57, 237, 339

Heidelberg Catechism,205, 207, 247, 361

Holy Roman Empire,56, 58

hornbook,7, 49, 339, 364; Denmark, 97, 101; England, 183; Italy, 276; Norway, 142; Switzerland, French-speaking, 235; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261

Humanism,57, 70, 72

I

Iceland,6, 55, 114–23, 312, 315, 318, 345, 349, 351; Germany, 58; Greenland, 125; rooster primer, 319, 324, 325, 354

Icelandic,114–23

Ickelsamer, Valentin,48, 65, 199

IGSBi.See International Society for Research on Textbooks and Educational Media e.V.

illiteracy: England,183; Estonia, 194; Finland, 166; France, 219; Germany, 66; Italy, 274, 275; Switzerland, French-speaking, 235; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 266; rooster primer, 331

India,21, 39, 44, 98, 103

Indian,182, 222

International Society for Research on Textbooks and Educational Media e.V.,xi

Inuit,124, 125

inventory (of reading primers),20, 102, 220, 336

Islam,339

Italian,27, 32, 259–71, 272–91, 313, 316, 318, 331, 346, 349, 351, 365, 366

Italy,1, 7, 23, 55, 272–91, 312, 315, 316, 336, 347, 349, 351, 360; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 260, 262, 265, 267,

J

Jesuit,24, 30; England, 181; France, 222; Germany, 59, 63, 67; Italy, 274, 275; Poland, 79, 82, 90; Spain, 293; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249

Jew(ish),21, 57, 80, 98, 178, 220, 339

Judaism,22, 339

K

Keach, Benjamin,40, 41, 183, 184, 185

L

Latin (grammar) school,359, 368; Denmark, 96; England, 177; Finland, 166, 169, 172; Germany, 56, 57, 63, 65, 67, 72; Iceland 115; Italy, 273–275; Sweden, 152; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 267

Latvia(n),366; Estonia, 192, 196, 200, 201; rooster primer, 322, 325, 329, 334, 354, 357, 359

layperson,58, 62, 219, 250, 261, 280, 283, 361

learning aids,7, 49, 364

letter names,50, 52, 360, 365

literacy rate,167, 204, 220, 235, 260, 261, 273

Lithuania: Estonia,191, 357; Germany, 66

Lithuanian,18, 315; Germany, 56, 57, 66; rooster primer, 319, 322, 329, 334, 356, 357, 366

liturgy,31, 36, 171, 178, 219, 221, 262, 280, 367, 368

Livonia,191–96, 354, 355

Locke, John,7, 220

Lombardy,259–71, 272, 275, 278, 318, 346, 349, 351

Lord’s prayer,364; see also (explanation of term)

Lord’s Supper,62, 89, 240, 241, 251

lottery (sheet),41, 43, 185, 364

Luther’s Small catechism,5, 9, 11, 21, 37, 364; Denmark, 97, 99, 100; Estonia, 191, 192, 195; Germany, 62, 63, 69, 70, 71; Greenland, 129, 131; Iceland 114, 115, 117, 118, 121; Norway, 141, 144; Poland, 81; Sweden, 153, 156

Lutheran,5, 11, 29, 38, 53, 316, 340, 341, 349, 360–66; Denmark, 96, 97, 99, 100, 103, 104; Estonia, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195; Finland, 165, 166, 169, 171; France, 219; Germany, 56–77, 74; Greenland, 124, 129; Iceland 114, 116, 117, 119, 121; the Netherlands, 204, 206, 209, 212, 215; Norway, 140, 144; Poland, 79, 80; Sweden, 152, 156, 157; rooster primer, 325,326, 328, 332, 353–57, 366

Lutheranism,29–31, 58, 103, 166, 195

Luxemburg,324, 329, 354

M

medieval.See Middle Ages

memorisation,32, 51, 53, 360; Finland, 172; France, 219, 220, 221, 222, 227; Germany, 69; Norway, 141; the Netherlands, 205; Poland, 85; Spain, 293, 297, 298; Sweden, 152; Switzerland, French-speaking, 235; Switzerland, German-speaking, 247

Mennonite,215, 316, 349

Methodist,178

Middle Ages,1, 31, 36, 45,361, 367, 361, 367; Denmark, 96; England, 178; Estonia, 191; France, 218; Germany, 56; Iceland 114, 115; Italy, 277, 285; the Netherlands, 204; Norway, 143; Poland, 81; Spain, 296, 298; Sweden, 152, 155; Switzerland, French-speaking, 234; Switzerland, German-speaking, 246; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 260, 261, 263

minister,26, 40, 365; Denmark, 101; England, 188; France, 219; the Netherlands, 207; Spain, 297; Sweden, 161; Switzerland, French-speaking, 235; Switzerland, German-speaking, 248; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 265, 266

missionary,6, 9, 13, 20, 21, 38, 39, 316, 324, 339; Denmark, 103; Greenland, 125, 127, 130, 133, 135, 345; Spain, 302; Sweden, 156, 161

Montaigne, Michel de,220

morality,10, 24, 43, 341, 362; Denmark, 104; Estonia, 200; Finland, 170, 171; France, 220, 222, 226; Germany, 70, 73; Italy, 278, 280, 286, 287; the Netherlands, 210; Poland, 81, 82, 87; Spain, 298, 302: Sweden, 156, 159; Switzerland, French-speaking, 235, 236, 238, 239, 242; Switzerland, German-speaking, 252, 253, 255, 256; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 267, 268

Moravia,324, 354

morning prayer,317, 365; Denmark, 107, 110; Finland, 165, 169, 173; France, 218, 225, 229; Germany, 64, 69; Greenland, 129; Iceland 121; Italy, 284; the Netherlands, 205, 208, 211; Poland, 89, 91; Sweden, 152, 157, 160, 162; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251, 255, 256

N

Netherlands, the,30, 33, 37, 53, 55, 204–17, 346, 349, 351; Germany, 64; Greenland, 133; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251, 313, 316, 318; rooster primer, 319, 324, 355

New England, Primer,23, 39, 179, 182

non-book media,7, 9, 339

Northern Europe,1, 23, 32, 58, 181, 317, 324, 331; See also Scandinavia(n)

Norway,20, 27, 30, 33, 52, 55, 96–113, 140–51, 312, 315, 345, 349, 351; Greenland, 124, 125, 128; Iceland 114, 115; rooster primer, 319, 324, 354, 356, 357

Norwegian,3, 6, 22, 27, 140–51, 315, 345; Denmark, 99; Greenland, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 136; rooster primer, 319, 322, 324, 329, 356, 357, 366

numerals,119, 136, 155, 159; numerals, Arabic, 89, 102, 116, 121, 148, 156, 158, 173, 196, 199, 208, 241; numerals, Roman, 102, 121, 156, 158, 196, 199, 208

Nynorsk,140, 141, 315

O

octavo,317, 328; Denmark, 96, 103, 104, 105, 108; England, 187; Estonia, 192, 195, 199, 200; Finland, 172; France, 218, 225; Germany, 66, 68, 70, 73; Greenland, 124; Italy, 272, 277; the Netherlands, 206, 208, 210, 211, 212; Poland, 88, 89, 91; Spain, 296, 299; Sweden, 157, 158, 160, 161; Switzerland, French-speaking, 237, 239; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251, 253, 254

orality,21, 32–33, 38, 50, 51, 340, 365; England, 183, 184; France, 218, 221; Germany, 62; Sweden, 152, 155

orthodoxy,27, 53; Denmark, 97; England, 182, Finland, 166, 170, 171; Germany, 59; Poland, 80, 82, 83, 88, 90, 338, 362, 367, 368; Spain, 294; Sweden, 156, 157

Our Father.See Lord’s prayer

Q

quarto,272, 283, 301

P

parents,20, 21, 32, 40, 41, 42, 53, 340; Denmark, 97, 98; England, 177, 178, 179, 183, 185; Estonia, 193, 200; Finland, 166, 170; Germany, 59, 66; Iceland 115, 121; Italy, 288; the Netherlands, 205; Norway, 141, 144; Poland, 84; Sweden, 152; Switzerland, French-speaking, 234

pastor,21, 30, 364, 365; Denmark, 96, 97, 101, 104; Estonia, 193, 194, 195, 198; Finland, 166, 172; France, 219; Germany, 62, 66; Greenland, 136; Iceland 115, 116, 121; the Netherlands, 214; Norway, 146

peddler.See hawker

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich,220

phoneme,49, 50, 52, 85, 220, 365

Phonics,52, 193, 236, 256, 365

phonological awareness,365

pietism,58, 98, 116, 117, 140, 143, 144, 156, 193, 194

Poland,23, 24, 33, 55, 78–95, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 345, 349, 351; Estonia, 191, 195; Germany, 66; rooster primer, 319, 325

Polish,3, 22, 34, 37, 78–95, 315, 359; Germany, 56, 57, 66; rooster primer, 325, 329, 353, 366

Portuguese,23, 103, 318

poster,7, 60, 198, 339, 359

Precepts of the church,67, 91, 218, 225, 316, 366

pre-primer,10

price,2, 29, 119, 221, 226, 238

priest,30, 32, 362, 363, 366; England, 177; France, 219, 220, 221, 222, 229; Iceland 115; Italy, 274, 278; Poland, 81; Spain, 293; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 265, 268

primer catechism,3, 11–12, 55, 317, 351, 366; England, 179–82; Finland, 168–69; France, 222–23, 225; Germany, 59, 62–65; Iceland 118–19, 120–21; Italy, 276–80, 286, 288; the Netherlands, 207, 210, 212–15; Norway, 143; Poland, 84–85; Spain, 295–96; Sweden, 155–57, 159; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 262–63, 265, 267

primer with a catechism attached as an appendix,12–13, 351; Finland, 171; France, 226; Germany: 69–70; Italy, 276; Poland, 88; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249

primer with predominantly secular and some catechetical elements,12, 318, 351; Denmark, 100, 103–5; England, 181; Estonia, 198; Finland, 166, 170–71; France, 226; Germany, 68–69; Greenland, 136; Iceland 120; Italy, 280; Norway, 145–46; Poland, 87–88; Spain, 295, 299–300; Sweden, 159–60; Switzerland, French-speaking, 236, 238–239; Switzerland, German-speaking, 252–53

print culture,2, 18, 35, 42

printer,20, 25, 26, 42; Denmark, 99, 105, 108, 110; England, 180, 181; Greenland, 128; Iceland 116, 118, 119; Italy, 276, 277, 278, 280, 283, 285, 288; the Netherlands, 209; Poland, 92, 93; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 265; rooster primer, 325, 336

printing press,26, 336, 338, 340; Denmark, 103; Finland, 172; Greenland, 133; Iceland 119; Italy, 273, 283; Spain, 294

pronunciation,62, 148, 160, 193, 199, 242, 299

Protestantism,30, 32, 363; England, 178; the Netherlands, 204–5; Norway, 140, 144; Poland, 81

proverbs,43; Germany, 64, 68–69, 70, 73; Iceland 116; Italy, 287; the Netherlands, 206, 207, 208, 212; Poland, 87; Spain, 299; Sweden, 156, 159; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 267

Prussia,4, 25, 52, 316, 353; Germany, 57, 66, 68, 69, 72; Poland, 79, 83, 85

psalter,20, 37, 346–47, 360; France, 221; Iceland 118; Italy, 277, 278, 279, 285; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261, 263

Q

Quakerism,177, 178, 182, 188

quantity (of primers),18, 19–20, 61, 170

quarto,272, 283, 301

question-and-answer format,9, 22, 27, 33, 36, 41, 44, 341, 361, 363, 364; England, 178, 181, 185, 188; Finland, 169; France, 218, 220, 222, 223, 226, 229; Germany, 63, 68, 70; Italy, 278; the Netherlands, 207; Poland, 83, 84, 86; Sweden, 153, 156, 157; Switzerland, French-speaking, 241; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249, 251

R

reading acquisition,48–54, 313, 317

reading comprehension,49, 51, 261

Reading Primers Special Interest Group,xv, 4

recitation,31, 38, 50, 51, 367; France, 221, 222, 225; Poland, 81; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238, 367

Reformation,17, 23, 24, 29, 31, 33, 37, 55, 337, 340, 341; Denmark, 96, 99, 100; England, 178, 179; Estonia, 191; Finland, 166; Germany, 57, 58, 62, 65; Iceland 114, 118; the Netherlands, 204, 205, 206, 208; Poland, 78; Switzerland, French-speaking, 234, 237; Switzerland, German-speaking, 246, 248; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 260, 265

restricted literacy,26, 51, 221

Roman type,366; Denmark, 102, 103, 108, 110; England, 184; Estonia, 199, 200; Finland, 169, 170; France, 225; Germany, 70, 73; Greenland, 128, 130; Norway, 143, 148; Poland, 86, 89; Sweden, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161; Switzerland, French-speaking, 240; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 264

rooster primer,12, 14, 55, 314, 319–35, 353–57, 366; Denmark, 96, 101, 104, 105–8; Estonia, 191, 196–97, 199; Finland, 165, 169; Germany, 56, 61, 66, 67; Iceland 114, 118, 119, 120–21; the Netherlands, 204, 208–9, 212; Norway, 140, 144–45, 148; Poland, 86, 90–93; Sweden, 152, 154, 158; Switzerland, German-speaking, 246, 251, 254

Rotunda,367

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,42–43, 185, 220

RP-SIG.See Reading Primers Special Interest Group

Rune,23, 157, 160–61

Russia,4, 316, 338, 339, 349; Estonia, 191, 193; Finland, 165; Norway, 142; Poland, 79, 83; Sweden, 153; rooster primer, 324, 357

Russian,3, 315, 359; Estonia, 192, 194; Finland, 165, 170, 171; Poland, 78; Sweden, 154; rooster primer, 357

Russification,79, 82, 83

S

sacrament,9, 31, 38, 360, 362, 363, 364, 366; England, 179; Finland, 165, 169; France, 219, 221, 225, 227, 229; Germany, 62, 63, 65, 67; Iceland 121; Italy, 277, 284; Norway, 140; Poland, 91; Spain, 298, 303; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238; Switzerland, German-speaking, 251; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 262

saga,114

Sami,27, 315; Norway, 140, 142, 143; Sweden, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161–62; rooster primer, 324, 329, 354, 366

Scandinavia(n),27, 124, 144, 251, 312, 313, 315, 316, 319; See also Northern Europe

school catechism,9, 62, 63, 340, 361

Schwabacher,86, 160, 367

Scotland,26, 27, 37, 177

secular primer,12, 19, 143, 295, 299, 325, 331, 363

secularisation,33, 39, 45, 143, 236, 242, 333, 337

secularism,22, 34, 337

Sherwood, Mary Martha,44, 46

sign of the cross,31, 237, 252, 276, 298, 303, 367

sin,9, 31, 36, 43, 44, 362, 366; England, 179; France, 223, 226; Poland, 91; Spain, 298; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 262

Small Catechism,5, 9, 11, 21, 37, 361, 364, 367; Denmark, 97, 99–100; Estonia, 191, 192, 195; France, 218; Germany, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71; Greenland, 129, 131; Iceland 114, 115, 117–18, 121; Norway, 141, 144; Poland, 81; Sweden, 153, 155–56; Switzerland, German-speaking, 249

Sorbian,56–57, 67, 315, 324, 356

Spain,3, 19, 21, 23, 27, 38, 55, 292–309, 276, 312, 313, 316, 336, 347, 349, 351

Spanish,6, 39, 204, 292–309, 338, 364

Spanish America,20, 38, 39, 294

Sunday school,166, 170, 171, 178, 286

Supper.See Lord’s Supper

survival (of catechism primers),2, 19, 21, 25, 32–33, 36, 37, 316, 318, 338; Denmark, 102; England, 179, 180, 187; Estonia, 192, 193, 195, 196, 199; France, 223, 225; Germany, 61; Greenland, 126; Iceland 119, 121; Italy, 275, 277, 278, 279, 285; the Netherlands, 206, 208, 209; Poland, 80, 88, 90; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 264

Sweden,20, 23, 32, 55, 152–64, 313, 345, 349, 351; Estonia, 191, 192, 193; Finland, 165, 166, 168, 170; Greenland, 125; Norway, 140, 141, 142; rooster primer, 319, 324, 326, 354, 356, 357

Swedish,27, 152–164, 315, 359, 366; Denmark, 96; Estonia, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196; Finland, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173; Poland, 78; rooster primer, 324, 326, 329, 354, 356, 357

Switzerland: French-speaking,53, 234–45, 265, 313, 317; German-speaking, 27, 52, 61, 64, 246–58, 265, 313, 315, 316, 319, 322, 363, 365; Italian-speaking, 27, 259–71, 278, 313, 316, 318, 331

syllabary,40, 43, 50, 367; England, 184; France, 218; Germany, 62; Spain, 292, 294, 296, 298, 299; Switzerland, French-speaking, 241, 242

synthetic method,48, 360

T

table blessings,317, 367; France 218, 225; Germany, 67, 69; Italy 280; Sweden, 152, 157, 160, 162, 165, 169

Table of Duties,97, 121, 155, 169, 196, 364

tabula,7–8, 67, 276, 285, 359, 368

Tamil,98, 103

target group21–22, 39, 313–14, 367; France, 227, Italy, 283; the Netherlands, 215; Poland, 93

teaching method,24, 48–54, 313, 337; Estonia, 193; Finland, 168; Germany, 60; Spain, 297; Switzerland, German-speaking, 252

Ten Commandments,9, 31, 36, 38, 41, 51, 316, 362, 364, 368; Denmark, 96, 107; England, 177, 178, 179, 182; Estonia, 191, 198, 200; Finland, 165, 169, 171; France, 218, 221, 225, 227, 229; Germany, 56, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68; Greenland, 124, 129, 133; Iceland 114 115, 119, 121; Italy, 272, 277, 280, 284; the Netherlands, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 215; Norway, 140, 144, 150; Poland, 78, 84, 85, 89, 91; Spain, 292, 298, 300; Sweden, 152, 153, 155, 157–60, 162; Switzerland, French-speaking, 234, 237, 240; Switzerland, German-speaking, 246, 250, 251, 254; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 259, 262, 266

Thirty Years’ War,58, 97

trade,25, 26, 42, 55, 338, 340; Denmark, 102; Germany, 58; Greenland, 126; Iceland 119; the Netherlands, 204; Sweden, 152

transnationality,1–5, 10, 13, 14, 20, 22, 25, 35, 338, 340, 341; Germany, 58; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261; rooster primer, 319–35

trinitarian formula,367–68

U

USA,6, 316, 324, 349, 355–56; See also America

V

vernacular,3, 5, 7, 36, 312, 315, 324; Denmark, 96, 98, 102; England, 177; Estonia, 193; Finland, 166; Germany, 57, 61, 63, 67; Italy, 273, 274, 278; the Netherlands, 204, 205, 208

vicar,157, 158, 222, 368

virtues,9, 31, 36, 39, 179, 223, 226, 272, 277, 278, 298

W

Wales,177–78, 183

wall primers,7, 60, 339

West Indies,98, 103

Wittenberg,55, 62, 63, 250

woodcuts,40, 41, 78, 101, 103, 104, 181, 206, 251, 317, 320

Works of mercy,89, 298, 368

writing,10, 49, 51; Denmark, 97, 98; England, 183, 184; Finland, 166, 174; France, 219, 221, 222; Germany, 57, 62, 72; Greenland, 132, 135, 136; Norway, 140, 143, 146, 148–50; Poland, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84; Spain, 296, 299; Sweden, 153; Switzerland, French-speaking, 238, 239; Switzerland, German-speaking, 248, 250, 252, 253; Switzerland, Italian-speaking, 261, 266, 275

Published online: 6 January 2023

https://doi.org/10.1075/clcc.14.index