Cover not available
Article published In:
Conversation Analysis in Chinese: Part II
Edited by Ni-Eng Lim
[Chinese Language and Discourse 10:2] 2019
► pp. 285–301

普通话口语中非典型的“一个”

 | 上海海事大学
本文考察普通话口语中不能用五种经典用法解释的“一个”用法，本文称之为非典型的“一个”。这些“一个”在话语中的分布和用法，呈现出一定的规律性。它倾向于用在有准备的、一人主导性的谈话中。说话人使用“一个+后续成分”的形式，可以实现多个话语功能：思索找词、削弱定指性、凸显指称化等。其中，后两项功能在语料中出现频率较高，这也与“一个”所在小句的分布以及汉语不能以屈折变化实现动名转换有关。
Keywords: 一个, 有准备的一人主导性谈话, 指称化
Article outline
  • 引言
  • 1.语料和考察对象
  • 2.非典型“一个”的分布
    • 2.1“一个+名词性成分”占绝对优势
    • 2.2绝大多数“一个+后续成分”的结构用做宾语
    • 2.3“一个”与一些高频共现的语言成分形成较为稳定的格式
    • 2.4现场讲解中，接近四分之一的非典型“一个”所在小句用于话题转移的位置。
  • 3.“一个”的话语功能
    • 3.1思索找词
    • 3.2削弱定指性
    • 3.3凸显指称化
  • 4.结语
  • 致谢
  • 笔记
  • 参考文献

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 15 January 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00021.liu
References (33)
参考文献
Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth & Margret Selting. 2018. Interactional Linguistics: Studying Language in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hayashi, Makoto. 1999. Where grammar and interaction meet: A study of co-participant completion in Japanese conversation. Human studies 22(2–4), 475–499. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kendon, Adam. 1967. Some Functions of Gaze-direction in Social Interaction. Acta Psychologica 26(1), 22–63. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lerner, Gene H. 1996. On the ‘semi-permeable’ character of grammatical units in conversation: Conditional entry into the turn space of another speaker. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson (eds.), Interaction and Grammar, 238–276. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Li, Xiaoting. 2014. Multimodality, Interaction and Turn-taking in Mandarin Conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2018. Clicks in Chinese Conversation, presented in the 3rd International Conference on Interactional Linguistics and Chinese Language Studies.
Local, John & Kelly, John. 1986. Projection and ‘Silences’: Notes on Phonetic and Conversational Structure. Human Studies 9(2/3), 185–204. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
崔应贤. 1991. 说专有名词前面的“一个”. 语言教学与研究, (11), 51–57. [Cui, Yingxian. 1991. On Yige before Proper Nouns. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies 11, 51–57.]Google Scholar
刁晏斌. 2004. 试论现代汉语形式动词的功能. 宁夏大学学报, (31), 33–38. [Diao, Yanbin. 2004. On the function of dummy verbs in modern Chinese. Journal of Ningxia University (Social Science Edition) 31, 33–38.]Google Scholar
方梅. 2002. 指示词“这”和“那”在北京话中的语法化. 中国语文, (41), 343–356. [Fang, Mei. 2002. On the grammaticalization of Zhe and Na in Beijing Mandarin: from demonstrative to definite article. Chinese Language 41, 343–356.]Google Scholar
. 2018. 浮现语法：基于汉语口语和书面语的研究. 北京：商务印书馆. [Fang, Mei. 2018. Emergent Grammar: Studies in Spoken and Text-based Chinese. Beijing: Commercial Press.]Google Scholar
李炜. 2009. 兰州方言名词、量词的重叠. 汪国胜、谢晓明主编《汉语重叠问题》, 350–355. 武汉: 华中师范大学出版社. [Li, Wei. 2009. Repetitive Nouns and Classifiers in Lanzhou dialect. In Wang, Guosheng & Xie, Xiaoming (eds.), Issues of Repetition in Chinese, 350–355. Wuhan: Huazhong Normal University Publishing House.]Google Scholar
李宇明. 1987. 动宾结构中的非量词“个”. 张志公主编《语文论集（三）》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. [Li, Yuming. 1987. Non-classifier ge in verb-object construction. In Zhang, Zhigong (ed.), Papers on Language (Vol. 31). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.]Google Scholar
刘学敏. 1988. 关于“个”的特殊用法. 语言教学与研究, (31), 73–76. [Liu, Xuemin. 1988. On a special usage of ge . Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies 31, 73–76.]Google Scholar
陆萍、李知沅、陶红印. 2014. 现代汉语口语中特殊话语语音成分的转写研究. 语言科学, (21), 113–130. [Lu, Ping, Zhiruan Li & Hongyin Tao. 2014. Discourse Properties of Some Special Sound Elements and Their Transcription Treatment. Language Sciences 21, 113–130.]Google Scholar
吕叔湘. 1944/1990. “个”字的应用范围, 附论单位词前“一”字的脱落. 金陵、齐鲁、华西大学中国文化汇刊（第四卷）. 又见《吕叔湘文集（第二卷）》, 130–156. 北京：商务印书馆. [Lu, Shuxiang. 1944/1990. The scope of Ge, and the detachment of Yi before single predicates. In Combined China Culture Journal of Jinling, Qilu and Huaxi University (Vol. 41). Also see Complete works of Lu Shuxiang (Vol. 21), 130–156. Beijing: Commercial Press.]Google Scholar
. 1999. 现代汉语八百词（增订本）. 北京：商务印书馆. [Lu, Shuxiang. 1999. 800 words in Modern Chinese (Expanded Edition). Beijing: Commercial Press.]Google Scholar
杉村博文. 2002. 论现代汉语“把”字句“把”的宾语带量词“个”. 世界汉语教学, (11), 18–27. [Sugimura, Hirofumi. 2002. On the measure word gè+object of bǎ in the Bǎ-sentence in modern Chinese. Chinese Teaching in the World 11, 18–27.]Google Scholar
邵洪亮. 2016. 主宾语位置上的动词“个化”刍议. 汉语研究与教学, 2(1), 87–98. [Shao, Hongliang. 2016. On verbs modified by yige in subject or object position. Researching and Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language 2(1), 87–98.]Google Scholar
邵敬敏. 1984. “动+个+形/动”结构分析——兼与游汝杰同志商榷. 汉语学习, (21), 50–54. [Shao, Jingmin. 1984. The analysis of “V+ge+A/V” construction, in discussion with Rujie You. Chinese Language Learning 21, 50–54.]Google Scholar
沈家煊、张姜知. 2013. 也谈形式动词的功能. 华文教学与研究, (21), 8–17. [Shen, Jiaxuan & Jiangzhi Zhang. 2013. On the Grammatical Function of Dummy Verbs in Chinese. TCSOL Studies 21, 8–17.]Google Scholar
陶红印. 2004. 口语研究的若干理论与实践问题. 语言科学, (31), 50–67. [Tao, Hongyin. 2004. Fundamentals in Spoken Language Research. Language Sciences 31, 50–67.]Google Scholar
陶红印、张伯江. 2000. 无定式把字句在近、现代汉语中的地位问题及其理论意义. 中国语文, (51), 433–446. [Tao, Hongyin & Bojiang Zhang. 2000. The status of indefinite Ba-constructions in modern and contemporary Chinese and its implications. Chinese Language 51, 433–446.]Google Scholar
王灿龙. 2019. 句子中的降级说明成分“一个NP”的语用功能. 语言教学与研究, (21), 49–60. [Wang, Chanlong. 2019. On the pragmatic function of the downgraded predicate “yige+NP” in Chinese sentences. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies 21, 49–60.]Google Scholar
王志武. 1999. “个”的非量词用法及其词性. 烟台师范学院学报, (31), 94–95. [Wang, Zhiwu. 1999. A non-classifier use of Ge and its word class. Yantai Teachers College Journal ( Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition ) 31, 94–95.]Google Scholar
游汝杰. 1983. 补语的标志“个”和“得”. 汉语学习, (31), 18–19. [You, Rujie. 1983. Ge and De as markers of the resultative complement. Chinese Language Learning 31, 18–19.]Google Scholar
张伯江、方梅. 1996. 汉语功能语法研究. 南昌：江西教育出版社. [Zhang, Bojiang & Mei Fang. 1996. Functional Studies of Chinese Grammar. Nanchang: Jiangxi Publishing Education Press.]Google Scholar
张伯江、李珍明. 2002. “是NP”和“是（一）个NP”. 世界汉语教学, (31), 59–69. [Zhang, Bojiang & Zhenming Li. 2002. Subjectivity of the copular predicate sentence in Chinese. Chinese Teaching in the World 31, 59–69.]Google Scholar
张淑敏. 1997. 兰州话量词的用法. 中国语文, (21), 128–130. [Zhang, Shumin. 1997. On the use of classifiers in Lanzhou dialect. Chinese Language 21, 128–130.]Google Scholar
张谊生. 2003. 从量词到助词——量词“个”语法化过程的个案分析. 当代语言学, (31), 193–205. [Zhang, Yisheng. 2003. From a measure word to an auxiliary word – a case study of the grammaticalization of the Chinese measure word ge . Contemporary Linguistics 31, 193–205.]Google Scholar
赵日新. 1999. 说“个”. 语言教学与研究, (21), 17. [Zhao, Rixin. 1999. On Ge . Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies 21, 17.]Google Scholar
朱德熙. 1985. 现代书面汉语里的虚化动词和名动词. 北京大学学报, (51), 16–22. [Zhu, Dexi. 1985. Dummy verbs and noun-verb words in modern written Chinese. Journal of Peking University 51, 16–22.]Google Scholar
祝克懿. 2000. 析“动+个+形/动”结构中的“个”. 汉语学习, (31), 16–19. [Zhu, Keyi. 2000. On Ge in structure “V+ge+A/V”. Chinese Language Learning 31, 16–19.]Google Scholar