Index

• absent audience142–144, 147, 156

• accommodation13, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35

• agency85–87, 154

• aggregation16, 17, 19, 33, 23, 28, 29, 34,

• altruism42, 129

• analytical framework11, 38, 158

• ancient Chinese42, 92, 127

• assertion13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 34, 69

• assessment15, 48, 100, 157

• Australian4, 71, 73, 77, 80, 108, 136, 140, 143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 164; see also non-Chinese Australian and non-Chinese people

• Australian born Chinese73, 75

• belly114, 123

• being1, 55, 87, 103, 111, 112, 159; see also inner being

• blending150, 125; see also conceptual blending

• body parts111, 113, 114, 122, 123, 128, 157

• bone114, 123, 126–128, 130

• brain114, 123, 125, 126

• categorization26, 143, 154, 158

• China3, 4, 8, 23, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 70, 77–80, 101, 104, 105, 107, 130, 131, 138, 142–145, 150, 163, 164

• contemporary,see contemporary China Mainland, see Mainland China

• modern,see modern China

• Republican,see Republican China

• Chinese3, 5, 7–9, 13, 20, 29, 52, 54, 59, 60, 70, 81, 83–85, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 97, 99, 108, 109, 111–114, 122, 123, 125, 130, 131, 135, 146, 161, 153, 155, 156, 159, 163, 164
  • ancient,
  • Australian born,
  see ancient Chinesesee Australian born Chinese

• Communist Party5, 22, 129

• contemporary, see contemporary Chinese culture4, 11, 22, 34, 80, 92, 93, 110, 112, 114, 126

• discourse6, 7, 88, 162

• ethnicity8, 12, 59, 70, 81

• expats28, 64, 141

• identity5, 6, 29, 51, 108, 136, 146, 162, 164

• immigrant(s)1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 37, 55–57, 59, 63, 68, 70, 75, 85, 87, 93, 95, 97, 111, 112, 128, 130, 131, 136, 148, 149, 153, 161–164

• immigrant identity70, 148, 162

• language1, 3, 6, 9, 37, 61, 113, 125, 162

• people3, 5, 6, 7, 37, 55, 56, 59, 60, 63, 65, 68, 69, 73, 77, 80, 81, 95, 107, 110, 115, 129, 131, 140, 143, 145, 147, 148, 150, 162, 163, 164

• self5, 6, 11, 130, 161, 162

• selfhood3, 162

• ethnic,see ethnic Chinese

• Mandarin,see Mandarin Chinese

• modern,see modern Chinese

• traditional,see traditional Chinese

• Chineseness51, 59, 60, 81

• cognition1, 9, 84, 96, 109, 122, 130, 131, 151, 153–155, 158, 159, 160
  • embodied,
  see embodied cognition intersubjective,see intersubjective cognition

• perceptual,see perceptual cognition

• cognitive anchor8, 161

• cognitive basis8, 83, 109

• cognitive categories111, 122

• cognitive faculties1, 119

• cognitive linguistics7, 9, 83, 113, 153, 158, 160

• cognitive model(s)3, 83, 91, 93, 97, 99, 110, 122, 143, 156

• cognitive pattern(s)7, 9, 86, 95, 97, 109, 153, 155, 156

• cognitive process(es)1, 83, 131, 154, 156

• cognitive reality(ies)110, 128

• cognitive representations137, 161

• cognitive strategies9, 159

• cognitive structure(s)83, 97, 160

• cognitive verb(s)14, 49; see also mental verb(s)

• collective15, 16, 18, 19, 23, 59, 62, 73, 143, 147, 157
  • conceptualisation(s)87, 131
  • identity(ies)3, 4, 8, 12, 28, 59, 68–70, 77, 78, 80, 81, 128, 132, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140, 145, 146, 158, 162, 164
  • image3, 69, 149, 162, 163
  • imagination(s)141, 142, 149
  • knowledge18, 34
  • other-reference(s)25, 60, 68, 140
  • positioning68, 73, 131, 149, 159
  • self-reference(s)11–13, 15, 17, 18, 25, 26, 28, 29, 34, 60, 70, 72, 131, 134, 136, 159
  • self-representation(s)131, 136, 147
  • value(s)69, 143
  • cultural,see cultural collective(s)
  • imagined,
  see imagined collective(s)

• communication13, 24, 37, 41, 95, 97, 114, 108, 116, 122, 123, 160 ; see also interpersonal communication

• communicative act(s)19, 34, 38, 54, 135, 154

• communicative activities38, 54, 59, 88

• communicative purpose(s)1, 38, 95

• concept of self1, 2, 153, 158

• conceptual basis85, 107, 131

• conceptual blending83, 125, 142

• conceptual integration141, 142, 147

• Conceptual Integration Theory142

• conceptual metaphor(s)83, 85, 92, 109, 110, 112, 113, 116, 124, 126, 133, 154, 161

• Conceptual Metaphor Theory113

• conceptual model(s)97, 153, 154, 161

• conceptual patterns95, 97, 109, 153, 155

• conceptual schemes111, 122

• conceptual system111, 113, 114

• conceptualisation3, 6, 9, 83, 85, 87, 91, 93, 94, 97, 100, 103, 105, 107–110, 131, 136, 141, 142, 151, 153, 160
  • collective,
  see collective conceptualisation

• models7, 153

• cultural,see cultural conceptualisation(s) embodied,see embodied conceptualisation(s)

• Confucianism5, 6, 55, 69, 100

• Confucian ethics94

• Confucian moral principle(s)5, 6

• Confucian school of thought3, 55, 87, 111

• Confucian teachings57, 129

• contemporary China8, 57, 65, 66

• contemporary Chinese3–5, 7, 8, 55, 56, 59, 70, 107, 111, 112, 130, 150, 163

• construction12, 13, 24, 29, 38, 56, 70, 81, 143, 144, 154–156, 158, 161-163
  • of the self2, 8, 29, 38, 84, 158, 161
  • identity,see identity construction
  • linguistic,
  see linguistic constructions

• context1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 12, 20, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 38, 39, 44, 51, 59, 60, 62, 63, 70, 73, 75, 76, 80, 83, 86, 87, 89, 94, 98, 99, 104, 110, 130, 134, 136, 150, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164see also cross-cultural context and socio-cultural context(s)
  • deictic,
  see deictic context

• discursive,see discursive context

• historical,see historical context

• ideological,see ideological context

• continuity76, 99

• cross-cultural comparisons3, 60, 104, 131, 133, 148, 163, 164

• cross-cultural context3, 7, 29, 60, 77, 81, 93, 131, 142, 162, 163, 164

• cross-cultural differences5, 77, 141

• cross-cultural experience(s)4, 12, 77, 80, 131, 136, 144, 145, 148, 154, 162, 163

• cultural assets1, 8

• cultural belief(s)56, 70, 81, 83, 88, 89, 100, 128, 131, 136, 145, 154, 160, 161

• cultural collective(s)3, 5, 8, 59, 60, 70, 72, 73, 80, 131, 134, 142, 157, 164; see also social collectives and relational collective

• cultural conceptualisation(s)84, 88, 91, 109, 110

• cultural convention(s)9, 83, 84, 161

• cultural ethos9, 111, 130

• cultural exemplar87, 148, 149, 151, 163

• cultural group(s)2, 3, 8, 59, 73, 80, 81, 110, 128, 132, 134, 139, 143, 148, 151, 164

• cultural imagination(s)2, 3, 70, 73, 76, 149, 153, 156, 162, 164

• cultural identity(ies)3, 59, 60, 69, 70, 136, 163

• cultural knowledge2, 9

• Cultural Linguistics7, 128, 151

• cultural meanings3, 6, 7, 90, 95, 155, 162

• cultural norms7, 35, 37, 148, 158, 162

• cultural schema(s)151

• cultural space(s)73, 134, 135, 142, 144, 156; see also social space

• cultural system3, 9, 84

• culture3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 59, 80, 106, 123, 130, 138, 143; see also Chinese culture

• Daoism6, 112

• Daoist cosmology92, 112

• deictic centre134, 135, 138–140, 143

• deictic context30, 34, 35

• demographic categories63, 70, 73, 81

• demographic terms81, 139

• demonstratives134, 136, 139, 159

• diaspora discourse1, 8, 12, 59, 153, 161

• discourse6, 8, 13, 28–31, 33, 39, 55, 59, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 81, 83, 112, 130, 131, 136–138, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159–161
  • Chinese,
  see Chinese discourse

• diaspora,see diaspora discourse

• alignment141, 155, 157

• context29, 134, 138

• of nation-building6; see also nation-building discourse

• discursive activity68, 147

• discursive context17, 150, 156, 158

• discursive conventions97, 109

• discursive function(s)11, 13, 33

• discursive identity(ies)13, 38, 39, 70

• discursive interaction(s)2, 7, 161

• discursive rules13, 154, 155

• discursive practice(s)9, 122, 159, 161

• discursive purposes123, 128

• discursive space20, 35

• distance(s)12, 13, 17, 28, 39, 65, 99, 100–104, 109, 136–140; see also social distance(s)

• distancing43, 44, 100
  • strategy26, 147

• dyad(s)84, 91, 95, 110

• dyadic relationships154, 157

• education4, 5, 18, 23, 68, 80, 150, 151, 165

• ego56, 88, 112, 119, 128

• egoistic centre54, 57, 88

• embodied cognition130, 155

• embodied conception111

• embodied conceptualisation(s)9, 93, 130, 153

• embodied metaphor(s)8, 112–114, 123, 130

• embodied view110, 111, 129, 130

• emergent principle159, 161

• emotion19, 112, 119, 122, 130

• epistemic authority15, 18, 34

• epistemic verb14, 16, 17, 85

• equilibrium95, 97, 110, 112, 113

• ethnic Chinese61, 63–65, 71, 73, 76

• ethnicity51, 143 ; see also Chinese ethnicity

• evaluating subject38, 155

• evaluation(s)2, 8, 12, 40, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 71, 75, 77, 86, 87, 91, 109, 117, 125, 138, 154, 155

• exemplary individual55, 149, 163

• exemplar(s)148–150 ; see also cultural exemplar

• extraction15–18, 34

• eye(s)114, 123–125

• face11, 20, 33–35

• family44, 46, 55, 88, 101, 107, 108

• filial piety43, 76, 154

• first person pronoun(s)12, 14, 20, 24, 31, 41, 147

• flawed self37–39

• focus group12, 40, 133, 163

• group identity(ies)16, 137, 139, 145

• group membership(s)19, 29, 34, 131, 156, 157, 159, 162

• Han63, 66

• heart93, 113–126, 130

• hierarchy64, 71, 78, 120, 126, 127, 129, 130

• historical context7, 56, 70, 129

• ideal self38, 39, 48, 162

• idealised audience68, 70, 81, 131, 134, 159

• idealised representation(s)91, 68

• Idealised Cognitive Models113

• identity(ies)2, 4, 7, 12, 19, 25, 35, 38, 39, 46, 53, 57, 63, 68, 70, 74, 77, 81, 101, 128, 133, 139, 141, 145, 153, 157, 161, 162, 164
  • Chinese,
  • collective,
  see Chinese identitysee collective identity(ies)

• cultural,see cultural identity(ies)

• discursive,see discursive identity(ies)

• exemplar,see exemplar identity

• group,see group identity(ies)

• construction7, 9, 12, 13, 54, 67, 77, 81, 131, 146, 153, 156, 159, 160

• immigrant,see immigrant identity

• migrant,see migrant identity

• situational,see situational identity(ies)

• social,see social identity(ies)

• ideological context6, 7, 162, 163

• ideology5, 130

• image schema(s)83, 84, 91, 102, 109, 154, 161

• imagination(s)1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 56, 57, 59, 60, 70, 73, 110, 125, 130–132, 141, 143, 147, 150, 159, 160, 162; see also collective imagination(s) and cultural imagination(s)

• imagined audience(s)60, 68, 69, 81, 135, 141, 142

• imagined collective(s)26, 63, 65, 76, 77, 81, 132, 139, 142, 143, 145, 147, 150, 156, 159

• imagined position(s)8, 104, 131, 145

• imagined positioning134, 136, 141, 150, 157

• imagery of water92, 107, 110

• immigrant(s)4, 8, 33, 39, 95, 162; see also Chinese immigrant(s)

• immigrant identity70, 162

• immigration141, 144, 162, 163; see also migration

• impersonal pronoun(s)30, 31, 48, 53

• impersonal constructions31, 35

• inequality89, 120

• indefinite pronoun(s)13, 31, 32, 35

• independence37, 44, 46

• individuality37, 55, 56, 69, 89, 90, 128, 161, 162

• individualism6, 80, 164

• individual self37, 55, 83, 91, 155

• individual self-reference13, 15, 18, 23, 80

• in-group(s)136, 138, 148

• inner being8, 113, 114

• inner self8, 9, 83, 84, 93, 95

• integrity6, 99, 104

• interaction(s)3, 4, 24, 38, 40, 43, 59, 68, 70, 72, 80, 81, 95, 99, 107, 108, 122, 129, 131, 153, 154, 160–162, 164
  • discursive,see discursive interaction(s)
  • relational,
  see relational interaction

• social,see also talk-in-interaction(s)see social interaction(s)

• interactional frame34, 53, 81

• intercultural communication99, 114, 115

• interdependence5, 109, 157

• internal causation9, 84, 85, 87, 113, 114, 157

• internal motivation39, 53, 54

• interpersonal communication99, 114, 115

• interpersonal proximity8, 9, 99, 157

• interpersonal relationship(s)7, 8, 97–100, 102, 104, 108, 110, 115, 116, 156, 157

• intersubjective cognition155, 160

• intersubjectivity155

• intimacy6, 99, 104

• intragroup discrimination126, 127

• language use8, 38, 155, 158, 161

• linguistic constructions34, 54, 83, 159

• linguistic conventions83, 159

• Mainland China4, 5, 40, 61, 62, 65–68, 132, 145

• Mainland Chinese73, 77, 142, 143, 148, 150, 163

• Mandarin Chinese4, 11, 13, 59, 83, 97

• marker34
  • hesitation,
  • opinion,
  see hesitation markersee opinion marker

• May Fourth55, 56, 150

• meaning-making54, 56, 95, 157, 158, 160

• membership(s)8, 81, 134, 147, 157, 158see also group membership(s)
  • talk131, 159

• mental process(es)111, 113, 114, 159

• mental space(s)138, 141, 142, 144, 145, 148, 150, 160

• mental verb(s)20, 41, 49, 114, 116

• metaphor(s)83, 97, 98, 107, 110, 112, 113, 118, 124, 125, 128, 133, 135
  • conceptual,see conceptual metaphor(s)
  • embodied,see embodied metaphor(s)
  • relationship,see relationship metaphors

• metaphorical expressions83, 84, 93, 108, 114, 123, 155, 157

• metaphorical representation(s)119, 125, 157, 161

• metonymy(ies)83, 92, 110, 114, 115, 125

• migrant(s)8, 61, 139, 141, 143
  • identity9, 83, 84, 131, 132, 134, 141, 146, 148
  see also Chinese immigrant(s) and Chinese immigrant identity

• migration4, 8, 12, 40, 44; see also immigration

• milieu106, 107, 109, 157

• mitigation13, 19, 34

• modern China1, 6, 7, 8, 56, 69, 70, 129, 150

• modern Chinese6, 7, 56, 70, 88, 100, 112, 113, 129, 151, 162, 163

• modes of thinking7, 161

• moral principle(s)2, 5, 6, 88, 157

• moral reasoning143, 150, 163

• moral rectitude55, 56, 69, 150

• moral teaching(s)42, 55, 87

• nationalism5, 6

• nationalistic and ideological context6, 7, 161, 163

• nationhood3, 129

• nation-building6, 130
  • discourse8, 70, 129

• narrating the self12, 54, 55, 56

• narration38, 51

• narrative7, 16, 25, 51, 60, 81, 143, 160, 163
  • account8, 38, 157
  • process54, 148, 159

• negative instincts56, 88, 119, 128

• non-Chinese Australian136, 140, 143, 146, 148, 150, 163

• non-Chinese people6, 66, 144, 158

• normative presuppositions8, 9, 56, 161

• open-door policy59; see also Reform and Opening-Up policy

• organ(s)93, 113, 114, 117, 119, 122, 126, 129

• out-group(s)67, 77, 134, 136, 138

• outlook66, 69, 129

• pan-Chinese71, 73

• pattern(s)15, 91; see also cognitive pattern(s) and conceptual pattern(s)

• performance(s)38–40, 44, 55, 59, 70, 81, 143, 145, 147, 153, 154, 155, 157, 161; see also social performance(s)

• performative utterances54, 60

• perceptual centre102, 104

• perceptual cognition9, 96

• person references11, 20, 131, 156

• personal pronoun(s)11–14, 48, 155, 159

• personhood1, 3–5, 7, 8, 38, 83, 91, 100, 109, 110, 112, 113, 130, 153, 159, 161, 162

• perspective-taking143, 145

• physical force83, 85, 89, 119

• physical location(s)77, 128, 140, 159

• pragmatic strategies1, 8

• premodern Chinese6, 7, 56, 88, 112, 129, 130, 162

• pronoun(s)13, 14, 20, 26, 29, 30, 37, 55, 68, 138, 147, 160
  • impersonal,see impersonal pronoun(s) indefinite,see indefinite pronoun(s)
  • personal,see personal pronoun(s)
  see also first person pronoun(s), second person pronoun(s) and person references
  • self-referential,see self-referential pronoun(s)

• proximity84, 140
  • interpersonal,see interpersonal proximity

• social,see social proximity

• persuasion13, 24, 34

• position(s)38, 40, 68, 85, 104, 107, 109, 131, 146, 155, 159
  • imagined,see imagined position(s)

• positioning3, 25, 38, 40, 51, 64, 80, 81, 131, 142, 147, 154, 156, 160, 164
  • collective,see collective positioning
  • imagined,see imagined positioning

• act(s),2, 68, 70, 155

• of self and other3, 132

• subject38, 153, 154, 158; see also social positioning

• public consciousness33–35, 157

• rapport20, 31

• real self39, 48, 51, 53–55

• reflection39, 45, 46, 54; see also self-reflection

• Reform and Opening-Up policy4–5; see also open-door policy

• relational collective15, 17, 18, 24, 26, 29, 33, 156

• relational interaction15, 34

• relational self13, 24

• relationship metaphors83, 84, 97, 110

• Republican China3, 56, 69, 128

• representation59, 76, 91, 94, 99, 102, 112, 155, 159, 160
  • collective,see cognitive representations
  • idealised,see idealised representation(s)
  • metaphorical,see metaphorical representation(s)
  • schematic,see schematic representation(s)
  • spatial,see spatial representation

• respect55, 65, 78, 89, 90, 134, 149, 163

• respectfulness90, 120

• schema95, 96, 110; see also image schema and cultural schema

• schematic representation(s)83, 110, 128

• schematic structure(s)102, 131, 132

• second person pronoun(s)12, 14, 24, 25, 37

• second person singular12, 14, 37, 40, 41, 52

• self1–5, 11, 12, 20, 29, 37, 38, 40, 41, 45, 48, 56, 57, 59, 68, 70, 83–85, 95, 102, 107, 109, 111, 112, 114, 123, 128–130, 153–162
  • Chinese,see Chinese self
  • concept of,see concept of self
  • construction of,see construction of the self
  • flawed,see flawed self
  • ideal,see ideal self
  • inner,see inner self
  • narrating,see narrating the self
  • real,see real self
  • relational,see relational self
  • situational,see situational self

• -awareness6, 37, 69, 131, 150, 163

• -consciousness70, 146, 148, 164

• -construct19, 24, 158

• -control91, 92, 112, 159

• -conviction55, 155

• -cultivation55, 87, 111, 112, 146, 149, 162, 163

• -evaluation38, 45, 48, 49, 55, 84, 91, 109, 114, 155

• -examination48

• -expression7, 8, 157

• -discipline87, 155

• -image8, 49, 56, 119, 128, 149, 153, 160

• -improvement56, 69, 70, 86

• -knowledge1, 114, 159

• -marker(s)37–39, 155

• -perception2, 17, 19, 55, 150, 155

• -protection80, 85, 86, 95, 155

• -reference(s)8, 11–19, 23, 25, 34, 34, 81, 128, 156

• -referential pronoun(s)11, 13, 34, 37, 48

• -reflection38, 40, 48, 55, 83, 85, 143, 155, 157

• -reliance37, 45, 54

• -representation20, 30, 37–39, 118, 122, 128, 153–157, 159, 161

• -respect146, 147

• -understanding(s)1, 2, 37, 157

• sense of,see sense of self

• selfhood1, 3, 6, 11, 38, 55–57, 110, 111, 129, 150, 158, 162
  • Chinese,see Chinese selfhood

• selfishness42, 43, 80, 119, 128, 129

• sense of correctness8, 39, 157

• sense of self1, 3, 11, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 37–39, 40, 44, 45, 51, 54, 56, 59, 70, 101, 114, 146, 154, 158, 161

• sincerity112, 113, 115, 157

• situational identity(ies)24, 25

• situational self154, 161

• social collectives8, 157

• social construction2, 8, 11, 13, 24, 56

• social distance(s)39, 136

• social environment106, 157

• social identity(ies)24, 28, 38, 81, 135, 153–156, 158, 159

• social interaction(s)55, 81, 90, 97, 108–110, 122, 123, 131, 153, 156, 158, 159

• social network5, 6, 103

• social norms41, 43, 56, 129

• sociolinguistics7, 8

• social performance(s)2, 8, 59, 70, 143, 159

• social positioning3, 38, 39, 68, 150, 161

• social reality12, 153, 162

• social relation(s)33, 109

• social relationship(s)153, 159

• social roles6, 149

• social space7, 80, 81, 109, 110

• socio-cognitive approach9, 153, 159, 161

• socio-cognitive linguistic analytical method158

• socio-cultural cognition153

• socio-cultural context(s)5, 20, 34, 44, 68, 110, 118, 154, 155, 157; see also socio-political context and discursive context

• socio-cultural norms35, 38, 158

• socio-cultural value(s)8, 60, 76, 78, 87, 150, 153, 157

• socio-political context6

• source domain110, 122, 123, 125, 126

• spatial deixis131, 137, 138, 159, 161

• spatial orientation(s)91, 136, 157

• spatial perception100, 102

• spatial representation142, 150

• speaking of oneself2, 8

• speech community97, 109

• stance35, 51, 65, 157

• student(s)15, 17, 20, 21, 28, 45, 91, 121

• subjective impression(s)123, 125, 128

• subjectivity53, 54, 154, 155

• subject positions155, 159

• taboo44, 52, 80

• Taiwan61, 62

• talk-in-interaction(s)40, 56

• target domain114, 128

• Tibet62

• traditional Chinese6, 110, 112, 120, 149, 150, 162

• trust90, 91, 94

• (un)trustworthiness90, 94, 157

• Uighur26, 62, 63, 66

• vague we18, 19, 22, 68

• value system44, 46, 59

• viewpoint(s)3, 7, 18, 20, 34, 123, 124, 131, 136, 138, 143, 144, 147, 153, 155, 163, 164

• Xinjiang26, 62, 63, 66

• young professional(s)4, 91, 93, 122

• zero anaphor(a)19, 20, 34, 35