Chapter 13
Compensatory discourse strategies in the bilingual university
classroom
Contrastive Discourse Analysis operates in a
boundary area where linguistics and psychology overlap. Systematic
analysis of classroom and academic discourse can enhance approaches
to public discourse, including those dealing with the communicative
content rather than the form of texts. Such is the context of the
bilingual discourse in the university classroom. This study takes a
sequenced and multi-methodological approach to analyse, first, the errors in spoken performance in the bilingual classroom; second, the
impact of these errors on overall intelligibility. The sample is
taken from academic discourse and is comprised of 34 hours of spoken
interaction with eight different Spanish speakers teaching through
English. The findings show that compensatory discourse strategies,
including listener comprehension, impacted communication much more
than the errors detracted from it.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Theoretical framework
- 3.Method and sample
- 4.Analysis and findings
- 4.1Stage one
- 4.1.1Phonological mis-performances
- 4.1.2Interrogation and listener accommodation
- 4.2Stage two
- 4.2.1Phonological intelligibility and negative
structures
- 4.2.2Combined errors and interrogative function
- 4.2.3Complex constructs: Verbal patterns and adjunctive syntax
- 4.2.4Complex constructs: Causation
- 5.Discussion
- 6.Concluding remarks
-
Notes
-
References
References (41)
References
Bokor, Michael. 2011. “Connecting with the ‘Other’ in Technical
Communication: World Englishes and Ethos Transformation of
U.S. Native English-Speaking Students.” Technical Communication Quarterly 20 (2): 208–237. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brooks, Patricia, and Vera Kempe. 2018. “Linking Adult Second Language Learning and
Diachronic Change: A Cautionary Note.” Frontiers in Psychology 9: 480. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, Noam. 2006. Language and Mind (3rd ed). New York: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Clement, Karen A. 2011. “The World Englishes Paradigm and its Implications
for International Students’ Acquisition of Standard American
English for University-Level Studies in the United
States.” Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects.
Paper 272.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cohen, Louis, and Lawrence Manion. 1989. Research Methods in Education (3rd ed). London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cook, Vivian, and Li Wei (eds). 2016. The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic
Multicompetence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dafouz, Emma, and Ute Smit. 2019. ROAD-MAPPING English Medium Education in the
Internationalised University. London: Palgrave MacMillan. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Davies, Bethan L. 2007. “Grice Cooperative Principle: Meaning and
Rationality.” Journal of Pragmatics 39 (12): 2308–2331. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Derwing, Tracey, and Murrey Munro. 2005. “Second Language Accent and Pronunciation
Teaching: A Research-based Approach.” TESOL Quarterly 39 (3): 379–397. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ellis, Nick, and Diane Larsen-Freeman. 2006. “Language Emergence: Implications for Applied
Linguistics – Introduction to the Special
Issue.” Applied Linguistics 27 (4): 558–589. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fairclough, Norman. 2002. Media Discourse. London: Arnold.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Griffith, Mary. 2015. “Integrating Content and Language in Higher
Education: Professor Support Network.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Málaga. [URL]
Griffith, Mary. 2017. “Tapping into the Intellectual Capital at the
University.” Universal Journal of Educational Research 5 (12A): 134–143. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Griffith, Mary. 2019. “In-service Training for Bilingual Implementation
at the University.” International Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational
Studies 14 (1): 61–77. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hyland, Ke. 2007. “Applying a Gloss: Exemplifying and Reformulating
in Academic Discourse.” Applied Linguistics 28 (2): 266–285. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jenkins, Jennifer. 2007. English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and
Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jenkins, Jennifer, Alessia Cogo, and Martin Dewey. 2011. “Review of Developments into Research into English
as a Lingua Franca.” Language Teaching 44 (3): 281–315. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jocuns, Andrew. 2012. “Classroom Discourse.” In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, ed. by Carol A. Chapelle, 620–625. London: Blackwell. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Johnstone, Barbara. 2018 (2007). Discourse Analysis (3rd ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kintsch, Walter, and Praful Mangalath. 2011. “The Construction of Meaning.” Topics in Cognitive Science 3 (2): 346–370. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kroll, Judith, and Gretchen Sunderman. 2003. “Cognitive Processes in Second Language Learners
and Bilinguals: The Development of Lexical and Conceptual
Representations.” In The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition, ed. by Catherine Doughty, and Michael H. Long, 104–129. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lambrecht, Knud. 1996. Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus
and the Mental Representation of Discourse
Referents. New York: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Langacker, Ronald. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Loebell, Helga, and Kathyrn Bock. 2003. “Structural Priming across
Languages.” Linguistics 41 (5): 791–824. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lorenzo, Francisco A. 2008. “Instructional Discourse in Bilingual Settings. An
Empirical Study of Linguistic Adjustments in Content and
Language Integrated Learning.” Language Learning Journal 36 (1): 21–33. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Munro, Murrey J. 2008. “Foreign Accent and Speech
Intelligibility.” In Phonology and Second Language Acquisition, ed. by Jette Hanson Edwards, and Mary Zampini, 193–218. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nelson, Cecil L. 2008. “Intelligibility since 1969.” World Englishes 27: 297–308. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rubio Alcalá, Fernando, and Manuel Hermosin Mojeda. 2010. “Implantación de un programa de
plurilingüismo en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior:
análisis de contexto y detección de
necesidades [Implementation of a plurilingual
program in the European Higher Education Area: Context
analysis and needs assessment].” XXI Revista de Educación 12: 107–128.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rymes, Betsy. 2008. Classroom Discourse Analysis: A Tool for Critical
Reflection. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2004. “Research Perspectives on Teaching English as a
Lingua Franca.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 24: 209–239. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sert, Olcay. 2015. Social Interaction and L2 Classroom Discourse. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Skehan, Peter. 1998. A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Smith, Larry E., and Cecil L. Nelson. 1985. “International Intelligibility of English:
Directions and Resources.” World Englishes 4 (3): 333–342. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Talmy, Leonard. 2003. Language, Speech, and Communication. Toward a Cognitive
Semantics, Vol. II: Typology and Process in Concept
Structuring. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tanner, Kimberly D. 2012. “Promoting Student Metacognition.” CBE – Life Sciences Education 11: 113–120. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tarone, Elaine, Martha Bigelow, and Kit Hansen. 2013. Literacy and Second Language Oracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wright, Scott. 2008. “Language, Communication and the Public
Sphere.” In The Handbook of Communication in the Public
Sphere, ed. by Ruth Wodak, and Veronika Koller, 21–44. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yazan, Bedrettin. 2015. “Intelligibility.” ELT Journal (69) 2: 202–204. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Griffith, Mary
2023.
Transdisciplinary engaged learning.
HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 12:Monográfico
► pp. 1 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.