The study of encoding of motion events is best approached as a search for potentially interacting factors, linguistic and non-linguistic. Every language presents a cluster of typological variables. In the domain of motion events, sets of variables co-occur in at least two major patterns (verb‑ and satellite-framed). These types are idealizations of a range of diverse solutions to encoding dimensions of Path and Manner. However, the more we probe linguistic expressions of motion events, the more we uncover mixed types, indeterminate types, hybrid forms, and changes in progress. Numerous factors can act to limit or modify the expression of typological potentials – that is, patterns of language use that are predicted by the typological categorization of a language. The encoding of Path and Manner is not carried out independently of a language’s morphosyntactic and morphophonological characteristics. Data of historical linguistics, language contact, and translation are beginning to reveal interactions of factors over time. Suggestive findings demonstrate diachronic transitions between language types (with examples from Latin and Romance languages, Slavic languages, Chinese), as well as changes in the manner verb lexicon over time (English, Italian).
Aske, J.1989. Path predicates in English and Spanish: A closer look. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 15, 1–14.
Alexander, R.2006. Bosnian Croatian Serbian: A grammar with sociolinguistic commentary. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Beavers, J., Levin, B., & Tham, S. W.2010. The typology of motion expressions revisited. Journal of Linguistics, 46, 331–377.
Berman, R. A., & Slobin, D. I.1994. Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Berthele, R.2006. Ort und Weg: Die sprachliche Raumreferenz in Varietäten des Deutschen, Rätoromanischen und Französischen. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Berthele, R.2009. The many ways to search for a frog story: On a fieldworker’s troubles collecting spatial language data. In J. Guo, E. Lieven, N. Budwig, S. Ervin-Tripp, K. Nakamura, & Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (162–174). New York: Psychology Press.
Brucale, L.2011. Manner of motion verbs in Latin. Paper presented at the conference Historical-Comparative Linguistics in the 21st Century. Humboldt-Kolleg, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 22–25 September 2011.
Cardini, F. E.2008. Manner of motion saliency: an inquiry into Italian. Cognitive Linguistics, 19, 533–570.
Chen, J.2008. The acquisition of verb compounding in Mandarin Chinese. Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Chen, L., & Guo, J.2009. Motion events in Chinese novels: Evidence for an equipollently-framed language. Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 1749–1766.
Fanego, T.2012. Motion events in English: The emergence and diachrony of manner salience from Old English to Late Modern English. Folia Linguistica Historica, 33, 29–85.
Flecken, M., von Stutterheim, C., & Carroll, M.2014. Grammatical aspect influences motion event perception: Findings from a cross-linguistic non-verbal recognition task. Language and Cognition, 6, 45–78.
Hottenroth, P.-M.1985. Die italienischen Ortsadverbien. In C. Schwarze (Ed.), Bausteine für eine italienische Grammatik. Vol. 2 (385–462). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Iacobini, C., & Masini, F.2006. The emergence of verb–particle constructions in Italian: Locative and actional meanings. Morphology, 16: 155–188.
Iacobini, C., & Masini, F.2007. Verb-particle constructions and prefixed verbs in Italian: Typology, diachrony and semantics. In G. Booij, L. Ducceschi, B. Fradin, E. Guevara, A. Ralli, & S. Scalise (Eds.), On-line proceedings of the fifth Mediterranean morphology meeting (157–184). Bologna: Università degli studi di Bologna.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.2006. Sound symbolism and motion in Basque. Munich: Lincom Europa.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.2009. Path salience in motion events. In J. Guo, E. Lieven, N. Budwig, S. Ervin-Tripp, K. Nakamura, & Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (403–414). New York: Psychology Press.
Kramer, J.1981. Die Übernahme der deutschen und der niederländischen Konstruktion Verb + Verbzusatz durch die Nachbarsprachen. In W. Meid, & K. Heller (Eds.), Sprachkontakt als Ursache von Veränderungen der Sprach‑ und Bewusstseinsstruktur: Eine Sammlung von Studien zur sprachlichen Interferenz (129–140). Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.
Lamarre, C.2007. The linguistic encoding of motion events in Chinese: with reference to cross-dialectal variation. In Ch. Lamarre, & T. Ohori (Eds.), Typological studies of the linguistic expressions of motion events. Vol. 1: Perspectives from South and Southeast Asia (3–33). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
Levinson, S. C., Meira, S., & The Language and Cognition Group. 2003. ‘Natural concepts’ in the spatial topological domain – adpositional meanings in crosslinguistic perspective: An exercise in semantic typology. Language, 79, 485–516.
Majid, A., Boster, J. S., & Bowerman, M.2008. The cross-linguistic categorization of everyday events: A study of cutting and breaking. Cognition, 109, 235–250.
Malt, B. C., Gennari, S., Imai, M., Ameel, E., Tsuda, N., & Majid, A.2008. Talking about walking: Biomechanics and the language of locomotion. Psychological Science, 19, 232–240.
Matsumoto, Y.2003. Typologies of lexicalization patterns and event integration: Clarifications and reformulations. In S. Chibaet al. (Eds.), Empirical and theoretical investigations into language: A Festschrift for Masaru Kajita (403–418). Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
Mayer, M.1969. Frog, where are you? New York: Dial Press.
Oh, K.-J.2009. Motion events in English and Korean fictional writings and translations. In J. Guo, E. Lieven, N. Budwig, S. Ervin-Tripp, K. Nakamura, & Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (253–262). New York: Psychology Press.
Schwarze, C.1985. “Uscire” e “andare fuori”: struttura sintattica e semantica lessicale. In A. Franchi de Bellis, & L. M. Savola (Eds.), Sintassi e morfologia della lingua italiana d’uso: Theorie e aplicazioni descrittive (355–371). Rome: Bulzoni.
Slobin, D. I.1996a. From “thought and language” to “thinking to speaking”. In J. J. Gumperz, & S. C. Levinson (Eds.), Rethinking linguistic relativity (70–96.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Slobin, D. I.1996b. Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In M. Shibatani, & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning (195–220). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Slobin, D. I.1997. Mind, code, and text. In J. Bybee, J. Haiman, & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays on language function and language type: Dedicated to T. Givón (437–467). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Slobin, D. I.2003. Language and thought online: Cognitive consequences of linguistic relativity. In D. Gentner, & S. Goldin-Meadow (Eds.), Language in mind: Advances in the investigation of language and thought (157–191). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Slobin, D. I.2004. The many ways to search for a frog: Linguistic typology and the expression of motion events. In S. Strömqvist, & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (219–257). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Slobin, D. I.2005. Relating events in translation. In D. Ravid, & H. B.-Z. Shyldkrot (Eds.), Perspectives on language and language development: Essays in honor of Ruth A. Berman (115–129). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Slobin, D. I.2008. From S-language and V-language to PIN and PIV. Paper presented at the workshop Human Locomotion across Languages. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 6 June 2008.
Slobin, D. I., & Hoiting, N.1994. Reference to movement in spoken and signed languages: Typological considerations. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 20, 487–505.
Slobin, D. I., Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., Kopecka, A., & Majid, A.2014. Manners of human gait: A crosslinguistic event-naming study. Cognitive Linguistics, 25, 701–741.
Snell-Hornby, M.1983. Verb-descriptivity in German and English. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
von Stutterheim, C., Andermann, M., Carroll, M., Flecken, M., & Schmiedtová, B.2012 . How grammaticized concepts shape event conceptualization in language production: insights from linguistic analysis, eye tracking data, and memory performance. Linguistics, 50, 833–867.
Talmy, L.1985. Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and lexical description. Vol. 3: Grammatical categories and the lexicon (36–149). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Talmy, L.1991. Path to realization. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 17, 480–519.
Talmy, L.2000. Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. II: Typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Talmy, L.2009. Main verb properties and equipollent framing. In J. Guo, E. Lieven, N. Budwig, S. Ervin-Tripp, K. Nakamura, & Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (389–402). New York: Psychology Press.
Troberg, M., & Burnett, H.2011. Resultative secondary predication in medieval French and the satellite-framed/verb-framed distinction. Paper presented at the Workshop on Verbal Elasticity: Framing the Verb/satellite Distinction from a Biolinguistic Perspective. Centre de Lingüística Teòrica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 3–5 October 2011.
Verkerk, A.2013. Scramble, scurry and dash: The correlation between motion event encoding and manner verb lexicon size in Indo-European. Language Dynamics and Change, 3, 169–217.
Vidaković, I.2006. Second language acquisition of dynamic spatial relations. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge.
Voeltz, F. K. E., & Kilian-Hatz, C. (Eds.). 2001. Ideophones. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Wilkins, D.2004. The verbalization of motion events in Arrernte. In S. Strömqvist, & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (144–157). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Wood, R. E.1972. Dutch syntactic loans in Papiamentu. Revue des langues vivantes / Tijdschrift voor levende talen, 38, 635–647.
Yiu, C. Y.-M.2014. The typology of motion events: An empirical study of Chinese dialects. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Zlatev, J., & Yangklang, P.2004. A third way to travel: The place of Thai and serial verb languages in motion event typology. In S. Strömqvist, & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (159–190). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cited by (10)
Cited by ten other publications
De Knop, Sabine
2024. The Integration of Frequency Dimensions and Lexicalisation Preferences in Contrastive Analysis. In Constructional and Cognitive Explorations of Contrastive Linguistics, ► pp. 89 ff.
Knop, Sabine De
2020. Expressions of motion events in German: an integrative constructionist approach for FLT1. CogniTextes 20:Volume 20
Androsiuk, Viacheslav, Oksana Voloshyna & Ivo Svoboda
2023. Perception and understanding of information as determinants of the investigator’s professional competence. Naukovij vìsnik Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 28:2 ► pp. 19 ff.
Brenda, Maria
2023. Elaboration sites and prepositional meaning construction in English and Polish. Research in Language 21:2 ► pp. 117 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.