Chapter 5
Finnish evidential adverbs in argumentative texts
The analysis concerns three meaning types that denote the interlocutors’ epistemic access and epistemic authority to knowledge: expectedness, shared access, and individual access. The different accesses lead to different interactional and textual functions of evidential adverbs. The most relevant features concern the rhetoric patterns (concession, contrast, adding, etc.) connected with argumentation and the type of knowledge occurring in the scope of an adverb (generic – specific, conventionalized – non-conventionalized, irrefutable – negotiable). The study focuses on Finnish adverbs derived from the verb tietää ‘know’, and their usage in reader comments in newspaper online sites.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Modes of knowing derived from tietää ‘know’
- 3.Epistemic and evidential adverbs in use
- 4.The data
- 5.Analysis
- 5.1Expectation and shared knowledge
- 5.2‘As far as is known’ type of shared access
- 5.3Individual knowledge
- 6.Discussion of the results and conclusion
- 6.1Access and the type of the state of affairs
- 6.2Dialogic framing and the rhetoric structure
- 6.3Epistemic and evidential scales
-
Notes
-
References
References
Aikhenvald, A. Y.
2004 Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chafe, W.
1986 Evidentiality in English conversation and academic writing. In
W. Chafe, &
J. Nichols (Eds.),
Evidentiality. The linguistic coding of epistemology (261–272). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Evans, V., & Green, M.
2006 Cognitive linguistics. An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Hakulinen, A., Vilkuna, M., Korhonen, R., Koivisto, V., Heinonen, T. R., & Alho, I.
2004 Iso suomen kielioppi. [
Descriptive grammar of contemporary Finnish.] Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
[URL]
Heritage, J.
2012 Epistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge.
Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45, 1–29.
Jaakola, M.
2011 Epäspesifi evidentiaali. Nykysuomen tiettävästi
. [The non-specific evidential: the word
tiettävästi ‘as far as is known’ in contemporary Finnish.]
Virittäjä, 115, 515–541.
Jaakola, M.
2012 Displaying knowledge in journalistic texts: a contrastive analysis of an evidential particle in Estonian and Finnish.
Close Comparisons, 22, 43–70.
Juvonen, R.
2010 Evaluoiva että-yhdyslause ja retoriset rakenteet suomenkielisessä ylioppilasaineessa. [Evaluative
että ‘that’ clause constructions and rhetorical structures in Finnish matriculation essays]
Virittäjä, 114, 39–70.
Juvonen, R.
2011 Tietämisen tasot. Tiedän-rakenteet ylioppilasaineissa. [Levels of knowing. ‘I know’ constructions in the Finnish language matriculation exams.] In
A. Kauppinen,
H. Lehti-Eklund,
H. Makkonen-Craig, &
R. Juvonen (Eds.),
Lukiolaisten äidinkieli: suomen- ja ruotsinkielisten lukioiden opiskelijoiden tekstimaisemat ja kirjoitustaitojen arviointi (239–264). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Kiparsky, C., & Kiparsky, P.
1971 Fact. In
D. D. Steinberg, &
L. A. Jakobovits (Eds.),
Semantics: An interdisciplinary reader in philosophy, linguistics and psychology (345–369). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Langacker, R. W.
1987 Foundations of cognitive grammar I. Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R.
2005 The language of evaluation. Appraisal in English. London & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Perelman, C., & Olbrechts-Tyteca, L.
1971 The new rhetoric. A treatise on argumentation. Notre Dame (IN): University of Notre Dame Press.
Rahtu, T.
2011 Irony and (in)coherence: interpreting irony using reader responses to texts.
Text and Talk, 31, 335–354.
Simon-Vandenbergen, A -M., & Aijmer, K.
Simon-Vandenbergen, A -M., & Aijmer, K.
2007 The semantic field of modal certainty. A corpus-based study of English adverbs. [
Topics in English linguistics 56]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Simon-Vandenbergen, A -M., White, P. R. R., & Aijmer, K.
Stivers, T.
2011 Morality and question design: “of course” as contesting a presupposition of askability. In
T. Stivers,
L. Mondada, &
J. Steensig (Eds.),
The morality of knowing in conversation (82–106). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stivers, T., Mondada, L., Steensig, J.
2011 Knowledge, morality and affiliation in Social Interaction. In
T. Stivers,
L. Mondada, &
J. Steensig (Eds.),
The morality of knowing in conversation (3–24). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Verhagen, A.
2005 Constructions of intersubjectivity. Discourse, syntax, and cognition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Välttilä, V.
2014
Tietää-verbin merkitys. Semanttinen analyysi sanomalehtiaineiston pohjalta. [Semantic analysis of
tietää ‘know’ in newspaper genre.] MA thesis, University of Helsinki.
Cited by
Cited by 2 other publications
Jaakola, Minna
2021.
Marking one’s own viewpoint: The Finnish evidential verb+kseni ‘as far as I understand’ construction.
Nordic Journal of Linguistics 44:3
► pp. 255 ff.
Kittilä, Seppo
2024.
Inference versus assumption in light of the Finnish evidential-modal adverbs näköjään and varmaan
.
Folia Linguistica 58:1
► pp. 119 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.