A historical perspective of Afro-Portuguese and Afro-Spanish varieties in the Iberia Peninsula
This study traces the linguistic history of 15th – 18th century Spanish and Portuguese contact varieties in Spain and Portugal. The plausibility of literary imitations – the sole source of information – is discussed. Several likely common denominators emerge from the discussion, including apparently consistent phonological and morphosyntactic patterns that are also attested in existent creole languages.
References (79)
References
Anon. (1647). “Sã aqui turo”. University of Coimbra archives: manuscript #50, folios 18v-23v.
Anon. (1963). Auto de Vicente Anes Joeira. C. Berardinelli (Ed.). Lisbon: Instituto Nacional do Livro.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baptista, M., Mello, H., & Suzuki, M. (2007). Kabuverdianu, or Cape Verdean, and Kriyol, or Guinea-Bissau (Creole Portuguese). In J. Holm &P. Patrick (Eds.), Comparative creole syntax: Parallel outlines of 18 creole grammars (pp. 53–82). Plymouth: Battlebridge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Barrantes, D.V. (Ed.). (1882–1886). Recopilación en metro del bachiller Diego Sánchez de Badajoz (2 Vols). Madrid: Librería delos Bibliófilos.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baxter, A. (2009). A concordância de número. In D. Lucchesi, A. Baxter, & I. Ribeiro (Eds.), O português afro-brasileiro (pp. 270–293). Salvador: EDUFBA.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brásio, A. (1944). Os pretos em Portugal. Lisbon: Divisão de Publicações e Biblioteca Agência Geral das Colónias.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chiado, A.R. (1961). Pratica de oito figuras, Maria de Lourdes Belchior Pontes (Ed.). Lisbon: O Mundo do Livro.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chiado, A.R. (1968). Autos (Vol. I). Lisbon: Instituto Nacional do Livro.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Claramonte, A. (1951). La gran comedia de el valiente negro en Flandes. In R. de Mesonero Romanos (Ed.), Dramáticos contemporéneos a Lope de Vega (pp. 491–509). Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Españoles.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Cossío, J.M. (Ed.). (1950). Rodrigo de Reinosa. Santander: Antología de Escritores y Artistas Montañeses XVI. Imp. y Enc. de la Librería Moderna.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cotarelo y Morí, E. (Ed.). (1911). Colección de entremeses, loas, bailes y mojigangas desde fines del siglo XVI a mediados del XVIII, t.I. Madrid: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de la Cruz, S.J.I. (1952). Obras completas de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz II: Villancicos y letras sacras. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Figueiredo, C.F.G. (2008). A concordância variável no sintagma nominal plural do português reestruturado de Almoxarife. Papia, 18, 23–43.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Friedemann, N.S. & Patiño Rosselli, C. (1983). Lengua y sociedad en el Palenque de San Basilio. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fuentes Guerra, J. & Schwegler, A. (2005). Lengua y ritos del Palo Monte Mayombe: Dioses cubanos y sus fuentes africanas. Frankfurt: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gomes de Amorim, F. (1875). Os selvagens. Lisbon: Livraria Editora de Mattos Moreira & C.a.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Granda, G. (1977). Estudios sobre un área dialectal hispanoamericana de población negra: Las tierras bajas occidentales de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Guete, J. (1913). Comedia intitulada Tesorina. Teatro español del siglo XVI, tomo primero (pp. 81–170). Madrid: Sociedad de Bibliófilos.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Guimarãis, A.J.G. (Ed.). (1910–1917). Cancioneiro geral de Garcia de Resende. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Guy, G. (1981). Linguistic variation in Brazilian Portuguese: Aspects of the phonology, syntax, and language history. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Guy, G. (1989). On the nature and origins of popular Brazilian Portuguese. Estudios sobre español de América y lingüística afroamericana (pp. 227–245). Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Guy, G. (2004). Muitas línguas: The linguistic impact of Africans in colonial Brazil. In José C. Curto & Paul E. Lovejoy (Eds.), Enslaving connections: Changing cultures of Africa and Brazil during the era of slavery (pp. 125–137). Amherst, MA: Humanity Books.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hatherly, A. (1990). Poemas em língua de preto dos séculos XVII e XVIII. Lisboa: Quimera.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Holm, J. (1987). Creole influence on popular Brazilian Portuguese. In Glenn Gilbert (Ed.), Pidgin and creole languages: Essays in memory of John E. Reinecke (pp. 406–429). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ilari, R., & Basso, R. (2011). O português da gente: A língua que estudamos a língua que falamos. São Paulo: Editora Contexto.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Iverno, L.C.C. (2011). Contact-induced restructuring of Portuguese morphosyntax in interior Angola. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Coimbra.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jammes, R. (Ed.). (1980). Luis de Góngora, Letrillas. Madrid: Castalia.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jon-And, A. (2012). Variação, contato e mudança linguística em Moçambique e Cabo Verde: A concordância variável de número em sintagmas nominais do português. Ph.D. Dissertation. Stockholm University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1985). The Spanish of Equatorial Guinea. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1986a). Golden Age ‘black Spanish’: Existence and coexistence. Afro-Hispanic Review, 5(12), 7–12.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1986b). On the weakening of /s/ in bozal Spanish. Neophilologus, 70, 208–216. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1988). On the reduction of /s/ in ‘black’ Spanish. In J. Staczek (Ed.), On Spanish Portuguese, and Catalan linguistics (4–16). Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1991). On the emergence of (a) mí as subject in Afro-Iberian pidgins and creoles. In R. Harris-Northall & T. Cravens (Eds.), Linguistic studies in medieval Spanish (39–61). Madison, WI: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1992a). Sobre el español bozal del Siglo de Oro: Existencia y coexistencia. Scripta philologica in honorem Juan M. Lope Blanch, t. I, 383‑396. México, DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1995). Literary “Africanized” Spanish as a research tool: Dating consonant reduction. Romance Philology, 49, 130–167.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1998). El español bozal
. In M. Perl & A. Schwegler (Eds.), América negra: Panorámica actual de los estudios lingüísticos sobre variedades criollas y afrohispanas (pp. 293–327). Frankfurt: Vervuert.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (1999). Evolución de los verbos copulativos en el español bozal
. In K. Zimmermann (Ed.), Lenguas criollos de base lexical española y portuguesa (pp. 145–176). Frankfurt: Vervuert.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2000b). Las cartas congolesas del siglo XVI: Un temprano testimonio del contacto lingüístico afro-lusitano. Homenaje al Dr. Germán de Granda, 2, 925–938. Special number of the Anuario de Lingüística Hispánica, 12–13, 1996–1997.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2002a). Génesis y evolución de la cópula en los criollos afro-ibéricos. In Y. Moñino & A. Schwegler (Eds.), Palenque, Cartagena y Afro-Caribe: Historia y lengua (pp. 65–101). Tübingen: Niemeyer.![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2005). A history of Afro-Hispanic language. Cambridge: CUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2007a). El cambio /r/ > [d] en el habla afrohispánica: ¿Un rasgo fonético “congo”? Boletín de Lingüística, 19(27), 94–114.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2008). Afro-Bolivian Spanish. Frankfurt: Vervuert & Madrid: Iberoamericana.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2010). Depleted plural marking in two Afro-Hispanic dialects: Separating inheritance from innovation. Language Variation and Change 22,1–44. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J. (2011). El habla de los Congos. Panamá: Instituto Nacional de Cultura.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lucchesi, D., Baxter, A., & Augusto Alves da Silva, J. (2009). A concordância verbal. In D. Lucchesi, A. Baxter, & I. Ribeiro (Eds.), O português afro-brasileiro (pp. 331–371). Salvador: EDUFBA.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Megenney, W. (1989). Black rural speech in Venezuela. Neophilologus, 73, 52–61. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Megenney, W. (1990a). África en Santo Domingo: La herencia lingüística. Santo Domingo: Museo del Hombre Dominicano.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Megenney, W. (1990b). Basilectal speech patterns of Barlovento, Venezuela. Journal of Caribbean Studies, 7(2–3), 245–260.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Naro, A., & Scherre, M.M.P. (1998). Restrições sintáticas e semânticas no controle da concordância verbal em português. Fórum Lingüístico, 1, 45–71.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Naro, A., & Scherre, M.M.P. (2007). Origens do português brasileiro. São Paulo: Parábola.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Naxara, J. (1672). Espejo mystico en que el hombre interior se mira practicamente ilustrado para los conocimientos de Dios. Madrid: Colegio Imperial de Compañía de Jesús.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Núñez Cedeño, R. (1982). El español de Villa Mella: En desafío a las teorías fonológicas modernas. In O. Alba (Ed.), El español del Caribe (221–236). Santiago de los Caballeros: Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Núñez Cedeño, R. (1987). Intervocalic /d/ rhotacism in Dominican Spanish: A non linear analysis. Hispania, 70, 363–368. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pires, S. (1922). Auto da bella menina. In C. Michaëlis de Vasconcellos (Ed.), Autos portugueses de Gil Vicente y de la escuela vicentina (unpaginated facsimile). Madrid: Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Estudios Históricos.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosell, C. (Ed.). (1874). Entremeses, loas y jácaras escritas por el licenciado Luis Quiñones de Benavente, t. II. Madrid: Librería de los Bibliófilos.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sánchez, R. (1979). Luis Vélez de Guevara, “El negro del seraphín,” a critical and annotated edition with introduction. Ph.D. Dissertation. Florida State University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Saunders, A.C. de C.M. (1982). A social history of black slaves and freedmen in Portugal 1441‑1555. Cambridge: CUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. (1998a). Sobre a influência de três variáveis relacionadas na concordância nominal em português. In G. Machline de Oliveira e Silva & M.M.P. Scherre (Eds.), Padrões sociolingüisticos: Análise de fenômenos variáveis no português falado na cidade de Rio de Janeiro (pp. 85–117). Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, Departamento de Lingüística e Filologia.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. (1998b). Sobre a influência de variáveis sociais na concordância nominal. In G. Machline de Oliveira e Silva & M.M.P. Scherre (Eds.), Padrões sociolingüisticos: Análise de fenômenos variáveis no português falado na cidade de Rio de Janeiro (pp. 239–264). Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, Departamento de Lingüística e Filologia.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. (1998c). Variação da concordância nominal no português do Brasil: Influência das variáveis posição, classe gramatical e marcas precedentes. In S. Grosse & K. Zimmermann (Eds.), ‘Substandard’ e mudança no português do Brasil (pp. 153–188). Frankfurt: TFM.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. (2001). Phrase-level parallelism effect on noun phrase number agreement. Language Variation and Change, 13, 91–107. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. & Naro, A. (1991). Marking in discourse: “Birds of a feather”. Language Variation and Change, 3, 23–32. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. & Naro, A. (1992). The serial effect on internal and external variables. Language Variation and Change, 4, 1–13. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scherre, M.M.P. & Naro, A. (1998). Sobre a concordância de número no português falado do Brasil. In G. Ruffino (Ed.), Atti del XXI congresso internazionales di Linguistica e Filologia Romanza, sezione 5: Dialettologia, geolinguistica, sociolinguistica (pp. 509–523). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schwegler, A. (1991). El español del Chocó. América Negra, 2, 85–119.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tejerizo Robles, G. (1989). Villancicos barrocos en la Capilla Real de Granada (500 letrillas cantadas la noche de Navidad 1673 a 1830) (Vol. I). Seville: Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tinhorão, J.R. (1988). Os negros em Portugal. Lisbon: Editorial Caminho.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Vasconcellos, J.L. (1933). Língua de preto num texto de Henrique da Mota. Revue Hispanique, 81, 241–246.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
de Vega Carpio, L. (1930). Obras completas de Lope de Vega. Madrid: Real Academia Española.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 23 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.