References
Adams, M.P. (1987). Old French, Null Subjects and Verb-second Phenomena. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. UCLA, Berkeley.
Adjémian, C. (1976). On the nature of interlanguage systems. Language Learning, 26, 297–320. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Adjémian, C., & Liceras, J.M. (1984). Universal grammar, the intake component and L1: Accounting for adult acquisition of relative clauses. In F. Eckman, L. Bell, & D. Nelson (Eds.), Universals of Second Language Acquisition (pp. 101–118). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Aissen, J. (2003). Differential object marking: Iconicity vs. economy. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 21, 435–483. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alba de la Fuente, A. (2012). Clitic Combinations in Spanish: Syntax, Processing and Acquisition. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Alonso-Ovalle, L., Fernández-Solera, S. Frazier, L., & Clifton. C. (2002). Null vs. overt pronouns and the topic-focus articulation in Spanish. Journal of Italian Linguistics, 14,151–170.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Anderson, S.R. (1993). Wackernagel’s revenge: Clitics, morphology, and the syntax of second position. Language, 69(1), 68–98. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Androutsopoulou, A., Español-Echevarría, M., & Prévost, P.H. (2010). The syntax/morphology interface in Spanish L2 acquisition: Focus on quantified DPs. The Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 55(2), 149–180. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Authier, M. (1992). A parametric account of V-governed arbitrary null arguments. Natural Languages and Linguistic Theory, 10(3), 345–374. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baker, M.C. (1996). The Polysynthesis Parameter. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Belleti, A., Bennati, E., & Sorace, A. (2007). Theoretical and developmental issues in the syntax of subjects: Evidence from near-native Italian. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 25, 657–689. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bley-Vroman, R. (1990). The logical problem of foreign language learning. Linguistic Analysis, 20, 3–49. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bonet, E. (1991). Morphology after Syntax: Pronominal Clitics in Romance Languages. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. MIT.
Bonet, E. (1994). The person-case constraint: A morphological approach. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 22. The Morphology-Syntax Connection (pp. 33–52).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bonet, E. (2008). The person-case constraint and repair strategies. In R. D’Alessandro, S. Fischer, & G. Hrafnbjargarson (Eds.), Agreement Restrictions (pp. 103–128). Berlin: De Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bruhn de Garavito, J. (1999). The Syntax of Spanish Multifunctional Clitics and Near-native Competence. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. McGill University, Montreal.
Bruhn de Garavito, J. (2008). Acquisition of the Spanish plural by French L1 speakers: The role of transfer. In J.M. Liceras, H. Zobl, & H. Goodluck (Eds.), The Role of Formal Features in Second Language Acquisition (pp. 270–298). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Camacho Taboada, V. (2006). La arquitectura de la gramática. Los clíticos pronominales románicos y eslavos. Sevilla: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Carminati, M.N. (2002). The Processing of Italian Subject Pronouns. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Chomsky, N. (1981). Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Foris. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use. New York, NY: Praeger. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, N. & Lasnik, H. (1977). Filters and control. Linguistic Inquiry, 8, 425–504. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, N., & Lasnik, H. (1993). Principles and parameters theory. In J. Jacobs, A. von Stechow, W. Sternefeld, & T. Vennemann (Eds.), Syntax: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research, Vol.1 (pp. 506–569). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Desrochers, A., Liceras, J.M., Spradlin, K.T., & Fernández, R. (2003). Can an on-line response latency task shed light on native and non-native competence in the deverbal compounds of Spanish? In J.M. Liceras, H. Zobl, & H. Goodluck (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2002. Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition (GASLA-6) Conference: L2 Links (pp. 64–70). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of second language acquisition. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fontana, J. (1994). A variationist account of the development of the Spanish clitic system. In K. Beals (Ed.), Papers from the 13th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, Vol. 2: The Parasession on Variation in Linguistic Theory (pp. 87–100). Chicago IL: Chicago Linguistic Society.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fontana, J. (1997). On the integration of second position phenomena. In A. Kemenade & N. Vincent (Eds.), Parameters of Morphosyntactic Change (pp. 207–249). Cambridge: CUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Goodluck, H. (1986). Language acquisition and linguistic theory. In P. Fletcher & M. Garman (Eds.), Language Acquisition (2nd ed.) (pp. 49–68). Cambridge: CUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Greenberg, J. (1963). Universals of Language. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (2012). The acquisition of interpretable features in L2 Spanish: Personal a*. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(4), 701–720. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Han, Z.-H. (2013). Forty years later: Updating the Fossilization Hypothesis. Language Teaching, 46, 133–171. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Holmberg, A. (2005). Is there a little pro? Evidence from Finnish. Linguistic Inquiry, 36, 533–64. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kayne, R. (1975). French Syntax. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kayne, R. (1976). French relative que. In M. Luján & F. Hensey (Eds.), Current Studies in Romance Linguistics (pp. 255–299). Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Keenan, E., & Comrie, B. (1977). Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 8, 63–99.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kellerman, E. (1979). Transfer and non-transfer: Where we are now. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2, 37–57. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kroch, A. (1994). Morphosyntactic variation. In K. Beals (Ed.), Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society (pp. 180–201). Chicago IL: Chicago Linguistic Society.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kroch, A. (2001). Syntactic change. In M. Baltin & C. Collins (Eds.), Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory (pp. 699–729). Oxford: Blackwell. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Long, M.H. (1991). An Introduction to Second Language Research. London: Longman. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Leonetti, M. (2004). Specificity and differential object marking in Spanish. Catalan Journal of Linguistics, 3, 75–114.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liceras, J.M. (1985). The value of clitics in non-native Spanish. Second Language Research, 1(2), 151–168.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liceras, J.M. (1986). Linguistic Theory and Second Language Acquisition: The Spanish Nonnative Grammar of English Speakers. Tubingen: Gunter Narr. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liceras, J.M. (1989). On some properties of the pro-drop parameter: Looking for missing subjects in non-native Spanish. In S. Gass & J. Schachter (Eds.), Language Acquisition: A Linguistic Approach (pp. 109–133). Cambridge: CUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liceras, J.M. (2014). The Multiple Grammars Theory and the nature of L2 grammars. Commentary to L. Amaral and T. Roeper’s Multiple Grammars and second language representation. Second Language Research, 30(1), 47–54. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liceras, J.M., & Alba de la Fuente, A. (Forthcoming). Native and non-native acceptability judgments on the anaphoric value of null and overt Spanish subject pronouns.
Liceras, J.M., & Fernández-Fuertes, R. (2013). Subject omission/production in child bilingual English and child bilingual Spanish: The view from linguistic theory. Workshop on Cross-linguistic influence in language contact. 19th International Congress of Linguistics (ICL 2013) – Geneva, July 2013.
Liceras, J.M., Mongeon, C., Cuza, A., Senn, C., & Spradlin, K.T. (2004). La adquisición en el aula sin input formal: Los compuestos exocéntricos de las interlenguas del español. Red-ELE, 0, 1–28.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Martínez-Sanz, C. (2011). Null and Overt Subjects in a Variable System: The Case of Dominican Spanish. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
Montrul, S., & Bowles, M. (2009). Back to basics: Incomplete knowledge of differential object marking in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 363–383. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Newmeyer, F.J. (1990). Explaining language universals. Journal of Linguistics, 26, 203–222. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Perales, S., & Liceras, J.M. (2010). Looking for universals in the acquisition of L2 Spanish object clitics. In P. Guijarro-Fuentes & L. Dominguez (Eds.), New Directions in Language Acquisition: Romance Languages in the Generative Perspective (pp. 419–452). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pérez-Leroux, A.T., & Liceras, J.M. (2002). The Acquisition of Spanish Morphosyntax: The L1/L2 Connection. Dordrecht: Kluwer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pomerleau, J. (2000). La adquisición del español en el aula: Los compuestos nominales de los franceses de Canadá. Unpublished Master thesis. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona.
Rivero, M.L. (1986). Parameters in the typology of clitics in Romance and Old Spanish. Language, 62(4), 774–807. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rivero, M.L. (1997). On two locations for complement clitic pronouns: Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian and Old Spanish. In A. Kemenade & N. Vincent (Eds.), Parameters of Morphosyntactic Change (pp. 170–206). Cambridge: CUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rivero, M.L. (2004). Spanish quirky subjects, person restrictions and the person-case constraint. Linguistic Inquiry, 35(3), 494–502. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rivero, M.L. (2008). Oblique subjects and person restrictions in Spanish: A morphological approach. In R. D’Alessandro, S. Fischer, & G. Hrafnbjargarson (Eds.), Agreement Restrictions (pp. 215–250). Berlin: De Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Roberge, Y. (1986). Subject doubling, free inversion and null argument languages. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 31(1), 54–79.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Roberge, Y. (1990). The Syntactic Recoverability of Null Arguments. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Roberts, I. (1993). Verbs and Diachronic Syntax: A Comparative History of English and French. Dorcrecht: Kluwer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rothman, J. (2011). L3 syntactic transfer selectivity and typological determinacy: the typological primacy model. Second Language Research, 27(1), 107–217. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rothman, J. (In press). Linguistic and cognitive motivations for the typological primacy model of third language (L3) transfer: considering the role of timing of acquisition and proficiency in the previous languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Schwartz, B., & Sprouse, R. (1994). L2 cognitive states and the full transfer/full access model. Second Language Research, 12(1), 40–72. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. IRAL, 10(2), 209–231. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Selinker, L., & Lamendella, J. (1978). Two perspectives on fossilization in interlanguage learning. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin, 3(2), 143–191. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sheehan, M. (2006). The EPP and Null Subjects in Romance. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Newcastle University, UK.
Slabakova, R. (2009). L2 fundamentals. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 31(2), 155–173. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sorace, A., & Filiaci, F. (2006). Anaphora resolution in near-native speakers of Italian. Second Language Research, 22(3), 339–368. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tarone, E. (1982). Systematicity and attention in interlanguage. Language Learning, 32(1), 69–84. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Torrego, E. (1998). Nominative subjects and pro-drop Infl. Syntax, 1(2), 206–219. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tremblay, A. (2006). On the second language acquisition of Spanish reflexive passives and reflexive impersonals by French- and English-speaking adults. Second Language Research, 22(1), 30–63. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Valenzuela, E., Liceras, J.M., & López-Morelos, L.P. (2011). Ambiguous anaphora in L2 English and L2 Spanish. Paper presented at the BUCLD 36.
Wackernagel, J. (1892). Uber ein Gesetz der indogermanischen Wortstellung. Indogermanische Forschungen, 1, 333–436.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
White, L. (1985). The pro-drop parameter in adult second language acquisition. Language Learning, 35(1), 47–62. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yang, C. (2002). Knowledge and Learning in Natural Language. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zobl, H., & Liceras, J.M. (2006). Competing grammars and parametric shifts in second language acquisition and the history of English and Spanish. In D. Bamman, T. Magnitskaia, & C. Zaller (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Boston University Conference on Language Development (BUCLD) (pp. 713–724). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)