Chapter 6
Real and apparent (time) changes in Yucatan Spanish
The case of /bdg/
Yucatan Spanish (YS) is a regional dialect that
shows a variety of language contact features due to sustained close contact with an indigenous language, Yucatec Maya. Previous
research has indicated that YS is undergoing rapid standardization
toward Central Mexican norms for a variety of potential contact
features (Michnowicz,
2015). Among these features is the realization of
intervocalic /bdg/ as stops rather than approximants, with younger
speakers producing more normative approximant realizations (Michnowicz, 2009, 2011). The present study
builds on previous research by analyzing newly-collected data,
giving a real-time dimension to the study of YS /bdg/. Results
confirm the findings of previous studies in apparent-time, and
provide additional detail on how young speakers are moving away from
traditional YS forms.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Previous research
- 2.1Yucatan /bdg/
- 2.2Apparent time and real time
- 2.3Research questions and goals
- 3.Methodology
- 4.Results
- 5.Discussion and conclusions
-
Notes
-
References
-
Appendix
References (36)
References
Alvar, M. (1969). Nuevas
notas sobre el español de
Yucatán. Iberoromania I, 159–189.
Bailey, G. (2002). Real
and apparent
time. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The
handbook of language variation and
change (pp. 312–332). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting
Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using
lme4. Journal of Statistical
Software, 67(1), 1–48.
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2020). Praat:
doing phonetics by
computer [Computer
program] Version
6.1.16. [URL]
Butera, B. J. (2018). A
Lenition Continuum: Acoustic Variability of Spanish Stop
Consonants. [Unpublished
doctoral dissertation]. The University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Cedergren, H. (1987). The
spread of language change: Verifying inferences of
linguistic
diffusion. In P. H. Lowenberg (Ed.), Language
spread and language policy: Issues, implications and case
studies (pp. 45–60). Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Chambers, J. K. (2009). Sociolinguistic
theory: Linguistic variation and its social significance.
rev.
ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Colantoni, L., & Marinescu, I. (2010). The
scope of stop weakening in Argentine
Spanish. In M. Ortega-Llebaria (Ed.), Selected
proceedings of the 4th Conference on Laboratory Approaches
to Spanish
Phonology (pp. 100–114). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Díaz-Campos, M. (2003). The
pluralization of haber in Venezuelan
Spanish: A sociolinguistic change in real
time. IULC Working
Papers, 03–05.
Eddington, D. (2011). What
are the contextual phonetic variants of /βðɣ/ in colloquial
Spanish?. Probus, 23, 1–19.
Fokkema, M., Smits, N., Zeileis, A., Hothorn, T., & Kelderman, H. (2018). Detecting
Treatment-Subgroup Interactions in clustered Data with
Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Model
Trees. Behavior Research
Methods, 50, 2016–2034.
García Fajardo, J. (1984). Fonética
del Español de Valladolid,
Yucatán. México, DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Hualde, J. I., Simonet, M., & Nadeu, M. (2011). Consonant
lenition and phonological
recategorization. Laboratory
phonology, 2(2), 301–329.
Johnson, D. E. (2009). Getting
off the GoldVarb standard: Introducing Rbrul for
mixed-effects variable rule
analysis. Language and
Linguistics
Compass, 3, 359–383.
Labov, W. (1994). Principles
of linguistic variation, vol. I: Internal
factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, W. (2001). Principles
of linguistic change: vol.2: Social
Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lope Blanch, J. M. (1987). Estudios
sobre el español de
Yucatán. México City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Lüdecke, D. (2021). sjPlot:
Data Visualization for Statistics in Social
Science. R package version
2.8.10, [URL]
Michnowicz, J. (2009). Intervocalic
voiced stops in Yucatan Spanish: A case of contact-induced
language
change?. In M. Lacorte & J. Leeman (Eds.), Español
en Estados Unidos y en otros contextos de contacto:
Sociolingüística, ideología y
pedagogía (pp. 67–84). Madrid: Iberoamericana.
Michnowicz, J. (2011). Dialect
standardization in Merida, Yucatan: The case of
(bdg). Revista Internacional
de Lingüística
Iberoamericana, 9(2), 191–212.
Michnowicz, J. (2012). “The
standardization of Yucatan Spanish: Family case studies in
Izamal and
Mérida”. In K. Geeslin, & M. Díaz-Campos (Eds.), Selected
proceedings of the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium
2010 (pp. 102–115). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Michnowicz, J. (2015). Maya-Spanish
Contact in Yucatan, Mexico: Context & Sociolinguistic
Implications. In S. Sessarego, & M. González Rivera. (Eds.), New
Perspectives on Hispanic Contact Linguistics in the
Americas (pp. 21–42). Madrid: Iberoamericana/Vervuert.
Michnowicz, J. (2021). Apparently
real changes: Revisiting final/-m/in Yucatan
Spanish. In M. Díaz-Campos (Ed.), The
Routledge Handbook of Variationist Approaches to
Spanish (pp. 249–262). London: Routledge.
Michnowicz, J., & Barnes, H. (2013). A
sociolinguistic analysis of pre-nuclear peak alignment in
Yucatan
Spanish. In C. Howe, S. E. Blackwell, & M. Lubbers Quesada (Eds.), Selected
proceedings of the 15th Hispanic Linguistics
Symposium (pp. 221–235). Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Michnowicz, J., & Hyler, A. (2020). The
changing accent of Yucatan
Spanish. In R. Rao (Ed.), Spanish
phonetics and phonology in contact: Studies from Africa, the
Americas, and
Spain (pp. 36–62). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Michnowicz, J., & Kagan, L. (2016). On
glottal stops in Yucatan
Spanish. In S. Sessarego & F. Tejedo (Eds.), Spanish
language and sociolinguistic
analysis (pp. 219–239). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
R Core
Team (2021). R:
A language and environment for statistical
computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL [URL]
Thomason, S. G. (2001). Language
contact. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Wilbanks, E. (2021). faseAlign (Version
1.1.11) [Computer
software]. Retrieved September 21,
2021 from [URL]
Wolf, C. (1984). Tiempo
real y tiempo aparente en el estudio de una variación
lingüística: ensordecimiento y sonorización del yeísmo
porteño. In L. Schwarz & I. Lerner (Eds.), Homenaje
a Ana María
Barrenechea (pp. 175–196). Madrid: Castalia.
Wolf, C., & Jiménez, E. (1979). El
ensordecimiento del yeísmo porteño, un cambio fonológico
en
marcha. In A. María Barrenechea (Ed.), Estudios
lingüísticos y dialectológicos: Temas
Hispánicos (pp. 115–145). Buenos Aires: Hachette.
Yager, K. (1982). Estudio
del cuadro consonántico del español de Mérida,Yucatán con
consideraciones de posible influencia
maya. [Unpublished Master’s
thesis]. University of California: Santa Barbara.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Gradoville, Michael, Sofía Fernandez, Avizia Long & Mark Waltermire
2024.
Lectal coherence in a border bilingual community.
Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 17:1
► pp. 25 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.