Article published In:
International Journal of Corpus LinguisticsVol. 15:4 (2010) ► pp.474–496
Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing
We describe a computational system for automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing using fourteen different measures that have been explored or proposed in studies of second language development. The system takes a written language sample as input and produces fourteen indices of syntactic complexity of the sample based on these measures. The system is designed with advanced second language proficiency research in mind, and is therefore developed and evaluated using college-level second language writing data from the Written English Corpus of Chinese Learners (Wen et al. 2005). Experimental results show that the system achieves very high reliability on unseen test data from the corpus. We illustrate how the system is used in an example application to investigate whether and to what extent each of these measures significantly differentiate between different proficiency levels
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2021. The Relationship Between Perceived Confidence, Gender, and Writing in a Biomedical Engineering Research Experience for Undergraduates Site. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 143:12
Saricaoglu, Aysel, Zeynep Bilki & Lia Plakans
2021. Syntactic complexity in learner-generated research paper introductions: Rhetorical functions and level of move/step realization. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 53 ► pp. 101037 ff.
Shin, Gyu-Ho & Boo Kyung Jung
2021. Automatic analysis of passive constructions in Korean. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 7:1 ► pp. 53 ff.
Sun, Kun & Rong Wang
2021. Using the Relative Entropy of Linguistic Complexity to Assess L2 Language Proficiency Development. Entropy 23:8 ► pp. 1080 ff.
Tsai, Yea-Ru
2021. Exploring the effects of corpus-based business English writing instruction on EFL learners’ writing proficiency and perception. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 33:2 ► pp. 475 ff.
Uzun, Kutay
2021. Performance prediction strengths of noun and verb phrases in L2 writing: Comparison of density and complexity variables. Assessing Writing 50 ► pp. 100572 ff.
Uzun, Kutay
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VALİZADEH, Mohammadreza & Fatemeh SOLTANPOUR
2021. Focused direct corrective feedback: Effects on the elementary English learners’ written syntactic complexity. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics ► pp. 132 ff.
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Vasylets, Olena & Javier Marín
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Wind, Attila M.
2021. Nonlinearity and inter- and intra-individual variability in the extent of engagement in self-reflection and its role in second language writing: A multiple-case study. System 103 ► pp. 102672 ff.
Xu, Jiajin & Jialei Li
2021. A syntactic complexity analysis of translational English across genres. Across Languages and Cultures 22:2 ► pp. 214 ff.
Xu, Shuo, Ling Li, Xin An, Liyuan Hao & Guancan Yang
2021. An approach for detecting the commonality and specialty between scientific publications and patents. Scientometrics 126:9 ► pp. 7445 ff.
Xue, Jin, Liyan Zheng, Xiaoyi Tang, Banban Li & Esther Geva
2021. Human Ratings of Writing Quality Capture Features of Syntactic Variety and Transformation in Chinese EFL Learners’ Argumentative Writing. Frontiers in Psychology 12
Yin, Shuhui, Yuan Gao & Xiaofei Lu
2021. Syntactic complexity of research article part-genres: Differences between emerging and expert international publication writers. System 97 ► pp. 102427 ff.
Yin, Shuhui, Yuan Gao & Xiaofei Lu
2023. Diachronic changes in the syntactic complexity of emerging Chinese international publication writers’ research article introductions: A rhetorical strategic perspective. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 61 ► pp. 101205 ff.
Zare, Mohammad, Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri, Firooz Sadighi, Ehsan Rassaei & Piotr Goel
2021. An Investigation of the Linguistic Complexity of IELTS Writing Topics Based on the Levels of Discourse Representation and the Degree of Meaning Coding. Cogent Education 8:1
Zhang, Lawrence Jun & Xiaolong Cheng
2021. Examining the effects of comprehensive written corrective feedback on L2 EAP students’ linguistic performance: A mixed-methods study. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 54 ► pp. 101043 ff.
Abdi Tabari, Mahmoud
2020. Differential Effects of Strategic Planning and Task Structure on L2 Writing Outcomes. Reading & Writing Quarterly 36:4 ► pp. 320 ff.
Abdi Tabari, Mahmoud
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Abdi Tabari, Mahmoud
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Alobaid, Azzam
2020. Smart multimedia learning of ICT: role and impact on language learners’ writing fluency— YouTube online English learning resources as an example. Smart Learning Environments 7:1
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2020. Community, Group Dynamics, Identity, and Anxiety in Learning an Additional Language. In The Cambridge Introduction to Applied Linguistics, ► pp. 71 ff.
Bi, Peng
2020. Revisiting genre effects on linguistic features of L2 writing: A usage‐based perspective. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 30:3 ► pp. 429 ff.
Bi, Peng & Jingyang Jiang
2020. Syntactic complexity in assessing young adolescent EFL learners’ writings: Syntactic elaboration and diversity. System 91 ► pp. 102248 ff.
Biber, Douglas, Bethany Gray, Shelley Staples & Jesse Egbert
2020. Investigating grammatical complexity in L2 English writing research: Linguistic description versus predictive measurement. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 46 ► pp. 100869 ff.
Choi, Inn-Chull & Youngsun Moon
2020. Predicting the Difficulty of EFL Tests Based on Corpus Linguistic Features and Expert Judgment. Language Assessment Quarterly 17:1 ► pp. 18 ff.
Clarke, Natasha, Peter Foltz & Peter Garrard
2020. How to do things with (thousands of) words: Computational approaches to discourse analysis in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 129 ► pp. 446 ff.
Clarkson, Peter M., Jordan Ponn, Gordon D. Richardson, Frank Rudzicz, Albert Tsang & Jingjing Wang
2020. A Textual Analysis of US Corporate Social Responsibility Reports. Abacus 56:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Susan Conrad, Alissa Hartig & Lynn Santelmann
2020. The Cambridge Introduction to Applied Linguistics,
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2020. Noun phrase complexity in young Spanish EFL learners’ writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25:1 ► pp. 4 ff.
Egbert, Jesse, Tove Larsson & Douglas Biber
2020. Doing Linguistics with a Corpus,
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2020. Using narratives in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative syndromes. Journal of Communication Disorders 85 ► pp. 105994 ff.
Hartig, Alissa J.
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Jagaiah, Thilagha, Natalie G. Olinghouse & Devin M. Kearns
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Jang, Hari & Yin Ling Cheung
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JIN, TAN, XIAOFEI LU & JING NI
2020. Syntactic Complexity in Adapted Teaching Materials: Differences Among Grade Levels and Implications for Benchmarking. The Modern Language Journal 104:1 ► pp. 192 ff.
Jung, Jookyoung
2020. Effects of content support on integrated reading-writing task performance and incidental vocabulary learning. System 93 ► pp. 102288 ff.
Khushik, Ghulam Abbas & Ari Huhta
2020. Investigating Syntactic Complexity in EFL Learners' Writing across Common European Framework of Reference Levels A1, A2, and B1. Applied Linguistics 41:4 ► pp. 506 ff.
Khushik, Ghulam Abbas & Ari Huhta
2022. Syntactic complexity in Finnish-background EFL learners’ writing at CEFR levels A1–B2. European Journal of Applied Linguistics 10:1 ► pp. 142 ff.
Larsson, Tove & Henrik Kaatari
2020. Syntactic complexity across registers: Investigating (in)formality in second-language writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 45 ► pp. 100850 ff.
Larsson, Tove, Magali Paquot & Luke Plonsky
2020. Inter-rater reliability in Learner Corpus Research. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 6:2 ► pp. 237 ff.
Lee, Ju Hyun, Michael J. Ostwald & Ning Gu
2020. Measuring Cognitive Complexity. In Design Thinking: Creativity, Collaboration and Culture, ► pp. 85 ff.
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Li, Wenjin, Zhihong Lu & Qianwen Liu
2020. Syntactic complexity development in college students’ essay writing based
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Li, Zhi, Michelle Y. Chen & Jayanti Banerjee
2020. Using Corpus Analyses to Help Address the DIF Interpretation: Gender Differences in Standardized Writing Assessment. Frontiers in Psychology 11
Lin, You-Min & Michelle Y. Chen
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Lu, Xiaofei, J. Elliott Casal & Yingying Liu
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MAJIDI, ABID EL, RICK DE GRAAFF & DANIEL JANSSEN
2020. Debate as L2 Pedagogy: The Effects of Debating on Writing Development in Secondary Education. The Modern Language Journal 104:4 ► pp. 804 ff.
Majidi, Abid el, Rick de Graaff & Daniel Janssen
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Mylläri, Taina
2020. Words, clauses, sentences, and T-units in learner language: Precise and objective units of measure?. Journal of the European Second Language Association 4:1 ► pp. 13 ff.
Polat, Nihat, Laura Mahalingappa & Rae L Mancilla
2020. Longitudinal Growth Trajectories of Written Syntactic Complexity: The Case of Turkish Learners in an Intensive English Program. Applied Linguistics 41:5 ► pp. 688 ff.
Rosmawati, R.
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Santini, Marina & Arne Jönsson
Ströbel, Marcus, Elma Kerz & Daniel Wiechmann
2020. The Relationship Between First and Second Language Writing: Investigating the Effects of First Language Complexity on Second Language Complexity in Advanced Stages of Learning. Language Learning 70:3 ► pp. 732 ff.
Sánchez, Alberto J., Rosa M. Manchón & Roger Gilabert
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Thongyoi, Krittaya & Kornwipa Poonpon
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Verspoor, Marjolijn, Wander Lowie & Martijn Wieling
2020. L2 Developmental Measures from a Dynamic Perspective. In Learner Corpus Research Meets Second Language Acquisition, ► pp. 172 ff.
Wu, Xue, Anna Mauranen & Lei Lei
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Yang, Weiwei & YouJin Kim
2020. The effect of topic familiarity on the complexity, accuracy, and fluency of second language writing
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Zhu, Shuqin, Jihua Song, Weiming Peng, Dongdong Guo, Jingbo Sun & Zhihan Lv
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Abouelenien, Mohamed, Mihai Burzo, Veronica Perez-Rosas, Rada Mihalcea, Haitian Sun & Bohan Zhao
2019. Gender Differences in Multimodal Contact-Free Deception Detection. IEEE MultiMedia 26:3 ► pp. 19 ff.
Balyan, Renu, Scott A. Crossley, William Brown, Andrew J. Karter, Danielle S. McNamara, Jennifer Y. Liu, Courtney R. Lyles, Dean Schillinger & Natalia Grabar
2019. Using natural language processing and machine learning to classify health literacy from secure messages: The ECLIPPSE study. PLOS ONE 14:2 ► pp. e0212488 ff.
Behyar, Marjan & Mahmoud Nabilou
2019. The Combined Effects of Pre-task and Careful Online Planning on EFL Learners' Written Discourse. International Journal of Research in English Education 4:4 ► pp. 1 ff.
Brato, Thorsten
2019. Chapter 1.5. The historical corpus of English in Ghana (HiCE Ghana). In Corpus Linguistics and African Englishes [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 88], ► pp. 120 ff.
Casal, J. Elliott & Joseph J. Lee
2019. Syntactic complexity and writing quality in assessed first-year L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing 44 ► pp. 51 ff.
Chen, Xiaobin & Detmar Meurers
2019. Linking text readability and learner proficiency using linguistic complexity feature vector distance. Computer Assisted Language Learning 32:4 ► pp. 418 ff.
Chung, Eun Seon & Soojin Ahn
2019. Examining Cloze Tests as a Measure of Linguistic Complexity in L2
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Chung, Eun Seon & Soojin Ahn
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Crossley, Scott A., Stephen Skalicky & Mihai Dascalu
2019. Moving beyond classic readability formulas: new methods and new models. Journal of Research in Reading 42:3-4 ► pp. 541 ff.
Du, Yueming & Lijiao Yang
2019. 2019 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP), ► pp. 71 ff.
Farivar, Masumeh, Zahra Ghayoumi Anaraki, Fatemeh Derakhshandeh, Nahid Baharloei & Marziyeh Poorjavad
2019. Narrative discourse in Persian-speaking patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia & Neuropsychologia 13:2 ► pp. 225 ff.
Green, Clarence
2019. A multilevel description of textbook linguistic complexity across disciplines: Leveraging NLP to support disciplinary literacy. Linguistics and Education 53 ► pp. 100748 ff.
Hibert, Ana Isabel
2019. Systematic Literature Review of Automated Writing Evaluation as a Formative Learning Tool. In Transforming Learning with Meaningful Technologies [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 11722], ► pp. 199 ff.
Jiang, Jingyang, Peng Bi & Haitao Liu
2019. Syntactic complexity development in the writings of EFL learners: Insights from a dependency syntactically-annotated corpus. Journal of Second Language Writing 46 ► pp. 100666 ff.
Komeili, Majid, Chloé Pou-Prom, Daniyal Liaqat, Kathleen C. Fraser, Maria Yancheva, Frank Rudzicz & Nicholas Greatorex Riches
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Kuiken, Folkert, Ineke Vedder, Alex Housen & Bastien De Clercq
2019. Variation in syntactic complexity: Introduction. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 161 ff.
Lim, Jungmin
2019. An investigation of the text features of discrepantly-scored ESL essays: A mixed methods study. Assessing Writing 39 ► pp. 1 ff.
Lowie, Wander M. & Marjolijn H. Verspoor
2019. Individual Differences and the Ergodicity Problem. Language Learning 69:S1 ► pp. 184 ff.
Lu, Chao, Yi Bu, Xianlei Dong, Jie Wang, Ying Ding, Vincent Larivière, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Logan Paul & Chengzhi Zhang
2019. Analyzing linguistic complexity and scientific impact. Journal of Informetrics 13:3 ► pp. 817 ff.
Lu, Chao, Yi Bu, Jie Wang, Ying Ding, Vetle Torvik, Matthew Schnaars & Chengzhi Zhang
2019. Examining scientific writing styles from the perspective of linguistic complexity. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 70:5 ► pp. 462 ff.
Luo, Minxia, Megan L. Robbins, Mike Martin & Burcu Demiray
2019. Real-Life Language Use Across Different Interlocutors: A Naturalistic Observation Study of Adults Varying in Age. Frontiers in Psychology 10
McDonough, Kim & Jindarat De Vleeschauwer
2019. Comparing the effect of collaborative and individual prewriting on EFL learners’ writing development. Journal of Second Language Writing 44 ► pp. 123 ff.
Menke, Mandy R. & Tripp Strawbridge
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Pandarova, Irina, Torben Schmidt, Johannes Hartig, Ahcène Boubekki, Roger Dale Jones & Ulf Brefeld
2019. Predicting the Difficulty of Exercise Items for Dynamic Difficulty Adaptation in Adaptive Language Tutoring. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 29:3 ► pp. 342 ff.
Pérez-Paredes, Pascual & María Belén Díez-Bedmar
2019. Researching learner language through POS keyword and syntactic complexity analyses. In Learner Corpora and Language Teaching [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 92], ► pp. 101 ff.
Shadloo, Farzaneh, Hesamoddin Shahriari Ahmadi & Behzad Ghonsooly
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Towns, Stuart G. & Richard Watson Todd
Zhang, Yusha, Nankai Lin & Shengyi Jiang
2019. 2019 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP), ► pp. 313 ff.
Aysolmaz, Banu, Henrik Leopold, Hajo A. Reijers & Onur Demirörs
2018. A semi-automated approach for generating natural language requirements documents based on business process models. Information and Software Technology 93 ► pp. 14 ff.
Barkaoui, Khaled & Ibtissem Knouzi
2018. The effects of writing mode and computer ability on L2 test-takers' essay characteristics and scores. Assessing Writing 36 ► pp. 19 ff.
Barrot, Jessie S.
2018. Using the Sociocognitive-Transformative Approach in Writing Classrooms: Effects on L2 Learners’ Writing Performance. Reading & Writing Quarterly 34:2 ► pp. 187 ff.
Boghrati, Reihane, Joe Hoover, Kate M. Johnson, Justin Garten & Morteza Dehghani
2018. Conversation level syntax similarity metric. Behavior Research Methods 50:3 ► pp. 1055 ff.
Carissimi, Nicolo, Cigdem Beyan & Vittorio Murino
2018. 2018 13th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2018), ► pp. 599 ff.
Chen, Lei, Klaus Zechner, Su‐Youn Yoon, Keelan Evanini, Xinhao Wang, Anastassia Loukina, Jidong Tao, Lawrence Davis, Chong Min Lee, Min Ma, Robert Mundkowsky, Chi Lu, Chee Wee Leong & Binod Gyawali
2018. Automated Scoring of Nonnative Speech Using the SpeechRaterSMv. 5.0 Engine. ETS Research Report Series 2018:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Cho, Minyoung
2018. Task complexity, modality, and working memory in L2 task performance. System 72 ► pp. 85 ff.
Cho, Minyoung
2019. The effects of prompts on L2 writing performance and engagement. Foreign Language Annals 52:3 ► pp. 576 ff.
Crossley, Scott A. & Kristopher Kyle
2018. Analyzing Spoken and Written Discourse: A Role for Natural Language Processing Tools. In The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Linguistics Research Methodology, ► pp. 567 ff.
Eckstein, Grant & Dana Ferris
2018. Comparing L1 and L2 Texts and Writers in First‐Year Composition. TESOL Quarterly 52:1 ► pp. 137 ff.
Freeman, C. & I. Beaver
2018. The effect of response complexity and media on user restatement with multimodal virtual assistants. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 119 ► pp. 12 ff.
Han, ZhaoHong & Eun Young Kang
2018. Revisiting the Cognition Hypothesis: Bridging a gap between the conceptual and the empirical. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 28:3 ► pp. 391 ff.
Kim, Minkyung & Scott A. Crossley
2018. Modeling second language writing quality: A structural equation investigation of lexical, syntactic, and cohesive features in source-based and independent writing. Assessing Writing 37 ► pp. 39 ff.
KYLE, KRISTOPHER & SCOTT A. CROSSLEY
2018. Measuring Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing Using Fine‐Grained Clausal and Phrasal Indices. The Modern Language Journal 102:2 ► pp. 333 ff.
Lissón, Paula & Nicolas Ballier
2018. Investigating Lexical Progression through Lexical Diversity Metrics in a Corpus of French L3. Discours :23
Mohamadi Zenouzagh, Zohre
2018. Multidimensional analysis of efficacy of multimedia learning in development and sustained development of textuality in EFL writing performances. Education and Information Technologies 23:6 ► pp. 2969 ff.
Mohamadi Zenouzagh, Zohre
2020. Syntactic complexity in individual, collaborative and E-collaborative EFL writing: mediating role of writing modality, L1 and sustained development in focus. Educational Technology Research and Development 68:6 ► pp. 2939 ff.
Paquot, Magali
2018. Phraseological Competence: A Missing Component in University Entrance Language Tests? Insights From a Study of EFL Learners’ Use of Statistical Collocations. Language Assessment Quarterly 15:1 ► pp. 29 ff.
Paquot, Magali
2019. The phraseological dimension in interlanguage complexity research. Second Language Research 35:1 ► pp. 121 ff.
Rostamian, Morteza, Ali Mohammad Fazilatfar & Ali Akbar Jabbari
2018. The effect of planning time on cognitive processes, monitoring behavior, and quality of L2 writing. Language Teaching Research 22:4 ► pp. 418 ff.
Schroyen, S., S. Adam, M. Marquet, G. Jerusalem, S. Thiel, A.-L. Giraudet & P. Missotten
2018. Communication of healthcare professionals: Is there ageism?. European Journal of Cancer Care 27:1 ► pp. e12780 ff.
Vajjala, Sowmya
2018. Automated Assessment of Non-Native Learner Essays: Investigating the Role of Linguistic Features. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 28:1 ► pp. 79 ff.
Yoon, Su-Youn & Suma Bhat
2018. A comparison of grammatical proficiency measures in the automated assessment of spontaneous speech. Speech Communication 99 ► pp. 221 ff.
Yuan, Guiyuan, Qingtian Zeng, Hua Duan, Wenyan Guo, Weijian Ni & Nengfu Xie
2018. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Communication and Information Processing, ► pp. 135 ff.
Yuan, Guiyuan, Qingtian Zeng, Hua Duan, Wenyan Guo, Weijian Ni & Nengfu Xie
2018. 2018 IEEE International Conference of Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI), ► pp. 31 ff.
Zeldes, Amir
2018. Chapter 11. Compounds and productivity in advanced L2 German writing. In Usage-inspired L2 Instruction [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 49], ► pp. 237 ff.
Abouelenien, Mohamed, Veronica Perez-Rosas, Rada Mihalcea & Mihai Burzo
2017. Detecting Deceptive Behavior via Integration of Discriminative Features From Multiple Modalities. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 12:5 ► pp. 1042 ff.
Abouelenien, Mohamed, Verónica Pérez-Rosas, Rada Mihalcea & Mihai Burzo
2017. Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ► pp. 302 ff.
Abouelenien, Mohamed, Verónica Pérez-Rosas, Bohan Zhao, Rada Mihalcea & Mihai Burzo
2017. Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Computing, ► pp. 137 ff.
Alexopoulou, Theodora, Marije Michel, Akira Murakami & Detmar Meurers
2017. Task Effects on Linguistic Complexity and Accuracy: A Large‐Scale Learner Corpus Analysis Employing Natural Language Processing Techniques. Language Learning 67:S1 ► pp. 180 ff.
Chinaei, Hamidreza, Leila Chan Currie, Andrew Danks, Hubert Lin, Tejas Mehta & Frank Rudzicz
2017. Identifying and Avoiding Confusion in Dialogue with People with Alzheimer's Disease. Computational Linguistics 43:2 ► pp. 377 ff.
Crossley, Scott A., Stephen Skalicky, Mihai Dascalu, Danielle S. McNamara & Kristopher Kyle
2017. Predicting Text Comprehension, Processing, and Familiarity in Adult Readers: New Approaches to Readability Formulas. Discourse Processes 54:5-6 ► pp. 340 ff.
Cushing, Sara T.
2017. Corpus linguistics in language testing research. Language Testing 34:4 ► pp. 441 ff.
De Clercq, Bastien & Alex Housen
2017. A Cross‐Linguistic Perspective on Syntactic Complexity in L2 Development: Syntactic Elaboration and Diversity. The Modern Language Journal 101:2 ► pp. 315 ff.
Dehghani, Morteza, Kate M. Johnson, Justin Garten, Reihane Boghrati, Joe Hoover, Vijayan Balasubramanian, Anurag Singh, Yuvarani Shankar, Linda Pulickal, Aswin Rajkumar & Niki Jitendra Parmar
2017. TACIT: An open-source text analysis, crawling, and interpretation tool. Behavior Research Methods 49:2 ► pp. 538 ff.
Delić, Amer & Alma Jahić Jašić
2017. Linguistic complexity in high-school students’ EFL writing. ExELL 5:2 ► pp. 122 ff.
Kurdi, Mohamed Zakaria
2017. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Information System and Data Mining, ► pp. 66 ff.
Kyle, Kristopher & Scott Crossley
2017. Assessing syntactic sophistication in L2 writing: A usage-based approach. Language Testing 34:4 ► pp. 513 ff.
Mancilla, Rae L., Nihat Polat & Ahmet O. Akcay
2017. An Investigation of Native and Nonnative English Speakers’ Levels of Written Syntactic Complexity in Asynchronous Online Discussions. Applied Linguistics 38:1 ► pp. 112 ff.
Meurers, Detmar & Markus Dickinson
2017. Evidence and Interpretation in Language Learning Research: Opportunities for Collaboration With Computational Linguistics. Language Learning 67:S1 ► pp. 66 ff.
Narouei, Masoud, Hamed Khanpour & Hassan Takabi
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Rentoumi, Vassiliki, Timothy Peters, Jonathan Conlin, Peter Garrard & Hugh Craig
2017. The acute mania of King George III: A computational linguistic analysis. PLOS ONE 12:3 ► pp. e0171626 ff.
Révész, Andrea, Nektaria‐Efstathia Kourtali & Diana Mazgutova
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Wang, Simon Ho
2017. Text Analysis of Corpus Linguistics in a Post-concordancer Era. In Emerging Technologies for Education [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 10108], ► pp. 394 ff.
Zechner, Klaus, Su-Youn Yoon, Suma Bhat & Chee Wee Leong
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이종한 & 최현규
2017. Characteristics of text-based writing by non-native high school students. English Language Teaching 29:1 ► pp. 109 ff.
Beaver, Ian & Cynthia Freeman
2016. 2016 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT), ► pp. 585 ff.
Fromm, Davida, Joel Greenhouse, Kaiyue Hou, G. Austin Russell, Xizhen Cai, Margaret Forbes, Audrey Holland & Brian MacWhinney
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Lei, Lei
2016. When science meets cluttered writing: adjectives and adverbs in academia revisited. Scientometrics 107:3 ► pp. 1361 ff.
Murakami, Akira & Theodora Alexopoulou
2016. L1 INFLUENCE ON THE ACQUISITION ORDER OF ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 38:3 ► pp. 365 ff.
Qin, Wenjuan & Paola Uccelli
2016. Same language, different functions: A cross-genre analysis of Chinese EFL learners’ writing performance. Journal of Second Language Writing 33 ► pp. 3 ff.
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황은경 & Jae-Woong Choe
2016. Gender differences in L2 argumentative writing: An analysis of syntactic complexity.. Journal of the Korea English Education Society 15:1 ► pp. 127 ff.
Bhat, Suma & Su-Youn Yoon
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Chan, HuiPing, Marjolijn Verspoor & Louisa Vahtrick
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Dewang, Rupesh Kumar & A. K. Singh
2015. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology 2015, ► pp. 115 ff.
Fraser, Kathleen C., Jed A. Meltzer, Frank Rudzicz & Peter Garrard
2015. Linguistic Features Identify Alzheimer’s Disease in Narrative Speech. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 49:2 ► pp. 407 ff.
Ghayoumi, Zahra, Fariba Yadegari, Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, Esmaeil Fakharian, Mehdi Rahgozar & Maryam Rasouli
2015. Persuasive Discourse Impairments in Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Trauma Research 4:1
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2014. Structural nativization, typology and complexity: noun phrase structures in British, Kenyan and Singaporean English. English Language and Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
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2014. Narrative Discourse Impairments in Persian-Speaking Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 66:6 ► pp. 273 ff.
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 18 november 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.