Cover not available
Part of
Gender Across Languages: Volume 4
Edited by Marlis Hellinger and Heiko Motschenbacher
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 36] 2015
► pp. 1–25

Gender across languages: The linguistic representation of women and men

 | University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
 | University of Munich, Germany
Published online: 9 April 2015
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.36.01hel
References (65)
References
Barlow, Michael & Charles A. Ferguson, eds. 1988. Agreement in natural language. Approaches, theories, descriptions. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Baron, Dennis. 1986. Grammar and gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Batliner, Anton. 1984. “The comprehension of grammatical and natural gender: A cross-linguistic experiment.” Linguistics 22: 831-856. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bergvall, Victoria L. 1999. "An agenda for language and gender research for the start of the new millennium.” Linguistik Online. [URL]Google Scholar
Bergvall, Victoria L. & Janet M. Bing & Alice F. Freed, eds. 1996. Rethinking language and gender research: Theory and practice. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Bing, Janet M. & Victoria L. Bergvall. 1996. “The question of questions: Beyond binary thinking.” In Rethinking language and gender research: Theory and practice, eds. Victoria L. Bergvall & Janet M. Bing & Alice F. Freed. London: Longman, 1-30.Google Scholar
Bittner, Dagmar. 2000. “Gender classification and the inflectional system of German.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1-23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Braun, Friederike. 1988. Terms of address. Problems of patterns and usage in various languages and cultures. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2000. Geschlecht im Türkischen. Untersuchungen zum sprachlichen Umgang mit einer sozialen Kategorie. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Braunmüller, Kurt. 2000. “Gender in North Germanic: A diasystematic and functional approach.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 25-54. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brown, Roger & Albert Gilman. 1960. “The pronouns of power and solidarity.” In Style in language, ed. Thomas A. Sebeok. New York: Wiley, 253-276, 435-449.Google Scholar
Bußmann, Hadumod. 1995. “Das Genus, die Grammatik und - der Mensch: Geschlechterdifferenz in der Sprachwissenschaft.” In Genus: Zur Geschlechterdifferenz in den Kulturwissenschaften, eds. Hadumod Bußmann & Renate Hof. Stuttgart: Kröner, 114-160.Google Scholar
Claudi, Ulrike. 1985. Zur Entstehung von Genussystemen: Überlegungen zu einigen theoretischen Aspekten, verbunden mit einer Fallstudie des Zande. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar
Corbett, Greville G. 1991. Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1995. “Agreement.” In Syntax. Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung, Vol. 2, eds. Joachim Jacobs & Arnim von Stechow & Wolfgang Sternefeld & Theo Vennemann. Berlin: de Gruyter: 1235-1244.Google Scholar
Corbett, Greville G. & Norman M. Fraser. 2000. “Default genders.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 55-97. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Craig, Colette G. 1986. Noun classes and categorization. Amsterdam: Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1994. “Classifier languages.” In The encyclopedia of language and linguistics 2, ed. Ronald E. Asher. Oxford: Pergamon, 565-569.Google Scholar
Curzan, Anne. 2000. “Gender categories in early English grammars: Their message to the modern grammarian.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 561-576. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Daniels, Karlheinz. 1985. “Geschlechtsspezifische Stereotypen im Sprichwort.” Sprache und Literatur 56: 18-35.Google Scholar
Dixon, Robert M.W. 1972. The Dyirbal language of North Queensland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1982. Where have all the adjectives gone? And other essays in semantics and syntax. Berlin: Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, Susan & Ruth King. 1994. “Feminist meanings and the (de)politicization of the lexicon”. Language in Society 23: 59-76. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fodor, Istvan. 1959. "The origin of grammatical gender.” Lingua 8: 1-41, 186-214. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Francis, Nelson & Henry Kučera. 1967. Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.Google Scholar
Frank, Francine W. 1989. “Language planning, language reform, and language change: A review of guidelines for nonsexist usage.” In Language, gender, and professional writing: Theoretical approaches and guidelines for nonsexist usage, eds. Francine W. Frank & Paula A. Treichler. New York: MLA, 105-137.Google Scholar
Graham, Alma. 1975. “The making of a nonsexist dictionary.” In Language and sex: Difference and dominance, eds. Barrie Thorne & Nancy Henley. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 57-63.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1972. “Numeral classifiers and substantival number: Problems in the genesis of a linguistic type.” Working Papers on Language Universals 9: 1-39.Google Scholar
. 1978. “How does a language acquire gender markers?” In Universals of human language. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 47-82.Google Scholar
Grimm, Jacob. 1831. Deutsche Grammatik III. 3. Theil, 3. Buch: Von der Wortbildung. Göttingen: Dietrich.Google Scholar
Härma, Juhani. 2000. “Gender in French: A diachronic perspective.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 609-619. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hall, Kira & Mary Bucholtz, eds. 1995. Gender articulated: Language and the socially constructed self. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 1982. “African noun class systems.” In Apprehension: Das sprachliche Erfassen von Gegenständen. Teil I: Bereich und Ordnung der Phänomene, eds. Hansjakob Seiler & Christian Lehmann. Tübingen: Narr, 189-216.Google Scholar
Hellinger, Marlis. 1995. “Language and gender.” In The German language in the real world, ed. Patrick Stevenson. Oxford: Clarendon, 280-314.Google Scholar
Hockett, Charles F. 1958. A course in modern linguistics. New York: Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Janet. 1995. Women, men and politeness. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Hurskainen, Arvi. 2000. “Noun classification in African languages.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 665-688. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ibrahim, H. Muhammad. 1973. Grammatical gender. Its origin and development. The Hague: Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Irmen, Lisa & Astrid Köhncke. 1996. “Zur Psychologie des "generischen" Maskulinums.” Sprache & Kognition 15: 152-166.Google Scholar
Jones, Charles. 1988. Grammatical gender in English: 950-1250. London: Croom Helm. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kastovsky, Dieter. 2000. “Inflectional classes, morphological restructuring, and the dissolution of Old English grammatical gender.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 709-727. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kramarae, Cheris & Paula A. Treichler. 1985. A feminist dictionary. Boston: Pandora.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, Christian. 1993. “Kongruenz.” In Syntax. Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung, Vol.1, eds. Joachim Jacobs & Arnim von Stechow & Wolfgang Sternefeld & Theo Vennemann. Berlin: de Gruyter: 722-729.Google Scholar
Leiss, Elisabeth. 1994. “Genus und Sexus. Kritische Anmerkungen zur Sexualisierung von Grammatik.” Linguistische Berichte 152: 281-300.Google Scholar
MacKay, Donald & David Fulkerson. 1979. “On the comprehension and production of pronouns.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18: 661-673. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Majapuro, Anne. 1997. “Weinende Braut, lachende Frau. Geschlechtsspezifische Merkmale des Lachens und Weinens in deutschen und finnischen Sprichwörtern.” In Laughter down the centuries, eds. Siegfried Jäckel & Asko Timonen. Turku: University of Turku, 233-248.Google Scholar
Oelkers, Susanne. 1996. “ 'Der Sprintstar und ihre Freundinnen'. Ein empirischer Beitrag zur Diskussion um das generische Maskulinum.” Muttersprache 106: 1-15.Google Scholar
Pauwels, Anne. 1998. Women changing language. London: Longman.Google Scholar
. 1999. “Feminist language planning: Has it been worthwhile?” Linguistik Online. [URL]Google Scholar
Romaine, Suzanne. 1999. Communicating gender. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Royen, Gerlach. 1929. Die nominalen Klassifikations-Systeme in den Sprachen der Erde. Historisch-kritische Studie, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Indo-Germanischen. Mödling: Anthropos.Google Scholar
Scheele, Brigitte & Eva Gauler. 1993. “Wählen Wissenschaftler ihre Probleme anders aus als WissenschaftlerInnen? Das Genus-Sexus-Problem als paradigmatischer Fall der linguistischen Relativitätsthese.” Sprache & Kognition 12: 59-72.Google Scholar
Schulz, Muriel R. 1975. “The semantic derogation of woman.” In Language and sex: Difference and dominance, eds. Barrie Thorne & Nancy Henley. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 64-75.Google Scholar
Smith, David M. 1973. “Language, speech and ideology: A conceptual framework.” In Language attitudes: Current trends and prospects, eds. Roger W. Shuy & Ralph W. Fasold. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 97-112.Google Scholar
Strunk, Klaus. 1994. “Grammatisches und natürliches Geschlecht in sprachwissenschaftlicher Sicht.” In Frau und Mann. Geschlechterdifferenzierung in Natur und Menschenwelt, ed. Venanz Schubert. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 141-164.Google Scholar
Talbot, Mary M. 1998. Language and gender: An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Unterbeck, Barbara. 2000. “Gender: New light on an old category. An introduction.” In Gender in grammar and cognition, eds. Barbara Unterbeck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, xv-xlvi. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Unterbeck, Barbara et al., eds. 2000. Gender in grammar and cognition. Berlin: de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webster, Sheila K. 1982. “Women, sex, and marriage in Moroccan proverbs.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 14: 173-184. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
West, Candace & Don H. Zimmerman. 1983. “Small insults: A study of interruptions in cross-sex conversations between unacquainted persons.” In Language, gender and society, eds. Barrie Thorne & Cheris Kramarae & Nancy Henley. Rowley, MASS: Newbury House, 113-118.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Harriet. 1991 [11981]. “The bow and the burden strap: A new look at institutionalized homosexuality in Native North America.” In Sexual meanings. The cultural construction of gender and sexuality, eds. Sherry B. Ortner & Harriet Whitehead. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 80-115.Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth & Gertraud Benke. 1997. “Gender as a sociolinguistic variable: New perspectives on variation studies.” In The handbook of sociolinguistics, ed. Florian Coulmas. Oxford: Blackwell, 127-150.Google Scholar
Zubin, David & Klaus-Michael Köpcke. 1984. “Affect classification in the German gender system.” Lingua 63: 41-96. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1986. “Gender and folk taxonomy: The indexical relation between grammatical and lexical classification.” In Noun classes and categorization, ed. Colette G. Craig. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 139-181. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cited by (11)

Cited by 11 other publications

Glim, Sarah, Anita Körner & Ralf Rummer
2024. Generic masculine role nouns interfere with the neural processing of female referents: evidence from the P600. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 39:10 ► pp. 1366 ff. DOI logo
Körner, Anita, Sarah Glim & Ralf Rummer
2024. Examining the glottal stop as a mark of gender-inclusive language in German. Applied Psycholinguistics 45:1 ► pp. 156 ff. DOI logo
Riccio, Anna
2024. Strategie linguistiche per la valorizzazione delle differenze di genere nei testi normativi delle università italiane Un’analisi corpus-based . In Lingua inclusiva: forme, funzioni, atteggiamenti e percezioni , DOI logo
Foubert, Océane
2023. Neologisms in contemporary feminisms: For a redefinition of feminist linguistic activism. GLAD! :15 DOI logo
Glim, Sarah, Anita Körner, Holden Härtl & Ralf Rummer
2023. Early ERP indices of gender-biased processing elicited by generic masculine role nouns and the feminine–masculine pair form. Brain and Language 242 ► pp. 105290 ff. DOI logo
Soundararajan, Shweta, Manuela Nayantara Jeyaraj & Sarah Jane Delany
2023. 2023 31st Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (AICS), ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Ермекбаева, А & Г Узун
2023. Gender and power relationships in the language of proverbs: image of a man. Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке 1:1 ► pp. 580 ff. DOI logo
Savoldi, Beatrice, Marco Gaido, Luisa Bentivogli, Matteo Negri & Marco Turchi
2021. Gender Bias in Machine Translation. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 ► pp. 845 ff. DOI logo
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
2020. Nominal Classification Systems. In The International Encyclopedia of Linguistic Anthropology, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Galor, Oded mname, mer mname zak & Assaf mname Sarid
2018. Geographical Origins of Language Structures. SSRN Electronic Journal DOI logo
Motschenbacher, Heiko
2016. A poststructuralist approach to structural gender linguistics. In Gender, Language and the Periphery [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 264], ► pp. 65 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.