This paper investigates the negotiation of interpersonal relations by interpreters in Chinese government press
conferences – a major instrument for the promotion of public diplomacy in China. Drawing on the theory of linguistic modality in
systemic functional grammar (SFG) and the concept of explicitation (Englund Dimitrova
1993), we present a corpus-based discourse analysis of interpreters’ explicitation of modality and connect it to their
participation in negotiating interpersonal relations in such a setting. Quantitative results indicate a noticeable trend of
explicit use of modal expressions in target speeches in both interpreting modes, i.e., consecutive and simultaneous. Data from
qualitative analysis illustrate the various explicitations that manifest interpersonal relations on different levels between
interactants on the scene. We conclude by underlining the role of government press conference interpreters as active
co-participants in public diplomatic settings, discussing the contributions of this work to empirical research on interpreters’
agency and its limitations, and suggesting new directions towards which further research might be carried out.
AIIC. (1984). Random selection from reports and notes on the Brussels seminar. AIIC Bulletin 12 (1), 21.
Al-Zahran, A. (2007). The consecutive conference interpreter as intercultural mediator: A cognitive-pragmatic approach to the interpreter’s role. PhD thesis, University of Salford.
Angelelli, C. V. (2001). Deconstructing the invisible interpreter: A critical study of the interpersonal role of the interpreter in a cross-cultural/linguistic communicative event. PhD thesis, Stanford University.
Baumgarten, N., Meyer, B. & Ozcetin, D. (2008). Explicitness in translation and interpreting: A critical review and some empirical evidence (of an elusive concept). Across Languages and Cultures 9 (2), 177–203.
Beaton, M. (2007). Interpreted ideologies in institutional discourse: The case of the European parliament. The Translator 13 (2), 271–296.
Blum-Kulka, S. (1986/2000). Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation. In L. Venuti (Ed.), The translation studies reader, 298–313. London: Routledge.
Diriker, E. (2013). Simultaneous and consecutive interpreting in conference situations. In C. Millán & F. Bartrina (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of translation studies. London: Routledge, 363–376.
Eggins, S. (2004). An introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London/New York: Continuum.
Englund Dimitrova, B. (1993). Semantic change in translation – a cognitive perspective. In Y. Gambier & J. Tommola (Eds.), Translation and knowledge. Turku: University of Turku, 285–297.
Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Gumul, E. (2006). Explicitation in simultaneous interpreting: A strategy or a by-product of language mediation?Across Languages and Cultures 7 (2), 171–190.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar. 2nd edition. London: Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. (1989). Language, context, and text: Aspects of language in a social-semiotic perspective. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. & Matthiessen, C. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar, 3rd edition. London: Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. & McDonald, E. (2004). Metafunctional profile of the grammar of Chinese. In A. Caffarel, J. R. Martin & M. I. M. Matthiessen (Eds.), Language typology: A functional perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 305–396.
Holly, W. (1995). Secondary orality in the electronic media. In U. M. Quasthoff (Ed.), Aspects of oral communication, Berlin: De Gruyter, 340–363.
Kenny, D. (2011). Translation unit and corpora. In A. Kruger, K. Wallmach & J. Munday (Eds.), Corpus-based translation studies: Research and applications. London: Continuum, 76–102.
Klaudy, K. (2011). Explicitation. In M. Baker & G. Saldanha (Eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies. London: Routledge, 104–108.
Knapp-Potthoff, A. & Knapp, K. (1986). Interweaving two discourses: The difficult task of the non-professional interpreter. In J. House & S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlingual and intercultural communication. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 151–168.
Kusztor, M. (2000). Darstellung von Kohärenz in Original und Verdolmetschung. In S. Kalina, S. Buhl & H. Gerzymisch-Arbogast (Eds.), Dolmetschen: Theorie – Praxis – Didaktik, St. Ingbert: Röhrig Universitätsverlag, 19–44.
Lian, S. N. (2010). Contrastive studies of English and Chinese, 2nd edition. Beijing: Higher Education Press.
Lü, S. X. (1979). On grammatical analysis of Chinese. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics (Vol. 1 & Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nida, E. A. (1964). Towards a science of translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Ma, L. Y. & Li, X. K. (2011). Public diplomacy at early stage. [URL] (accessed 25 July 2016)
Ma, Q. Z. (1992). The Chinese verb and verbal constructions. Beijing: Beijing Language University Press.
Matthiessen, C. (2004). Descriptive motifs and generalizations. In A. Caffarel, J. R. Martin & M. I. M. Matthiessen (Eds.), Language typology: A functional perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 537–566.
Metzger, M. (1999). Sign language interpreting: Deconstructing the myth of neutrality. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
Palmer, F. R. (1986/2001). Mood and modality, 1st & 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Parsons, H. M. (1978). Human factors approach to simultaneous interpretation. In D. Gerver & H. W. Sinaiko (Eds.), Language interpretation and communication. New York: Plenum Press, 315–321.
Peng, L. Z. (2007). A study of modality in modern Chinese. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.
Pöchhacker, F. (2004). Introducing interpreting studies. London: Routledge.
Pöchhacker, F. (2011). Conference interpreting. In K. Malmkjær & K. Windle (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of translation studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 307–324.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & J. Svartvik. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.
Ren, X. P. (2000). Flexibility in diplomatic interpretation (in Chinese). Chinese Translators Journal 21 (5), 40–44.
Roy, C. (2000). Interpreting as a discourse process. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schjoldager, A. (1995). An exploratory study of translational norms in simultaneous interpreting: Methodological reflections. In P. Jansen (Ed.), Selected papers of the CERA research seminars in translation studies 1992–1993. Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit, 227–245.
Séguinot, C. (1988). Pragmatics and the explicitation hypothesis. TTR 1 (2), 106–114.
Setton, R. (2011). Corpus-based interpreting studies (CIS): Overview and prospects. In A. Kruger, K. Wallmach & J. Munday (Eds.), Corpus-based translation studies: Research and applications. London: Continuum, 33–75.
Straniero Sergio, F. (2012). Studying interpreting through corpora: An introduction. In F. Straniero Sergio & C. Falbo (Eds.), Breaking ground in corpus-based interpreting studies. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 9–52.
Sun, T. T. (2014). Interpreting China: Interpreters’ mediation of government press conferences in China. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Sweetser, E. (1990). From etymology to pragmatics: Metaphorical and cultural aspects of semanticstructure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
U.S. Department of State. (1987). Dictionary of international relations terms. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library.
Wadensjö, C. (1998). Interpreting as interaction. London/New York: Longman.
White, P. (2003). Beyond modality and hedging: A dialogic view of the language of intersubjective stance. Text 23 (2), 259–284.
Xu, Y. N. (2000). Features of and requirements for diplomatic interpretation and translation (in Chinese). Chinese Translators Journal 21 (3), 35–38.
Zhang, Q. F. (2009). Explicitation in Chinese-English consecutive interpreting: A case study (in Chinese). Chinese Translators Journal 30 (5), 77–81.
Zhang, W. (2013). Self-perceived professional identity of conference interpreters: A survey (in Chinese). Chinese Translators Journal 34 (2), 17–25.
Cited by (18)
Cited by 18 other publications
Gu, Chonglong & Dechao Li
2024. Interpreter-mediated political communication N-Grammed: a corpus-driven discourse analysis of government interpreters’ (ideological) use of formulaic language. The Translator 30:4 ► pp. 571 ff.
Li, Yang & Ewa Gumul
2024. Stance-taking lexical bundles in interpreted diplomatic discourse. A corpus-informed approach. Perspectives► pp. 1 ff.
Cheng, Shi
2023. A review of interpersonal metafunction studies in systemic functional linguistics (2012–2022). Journal of World Languages
Gao, Fei & Jeremy Munday
2023. Interpreter ideology. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 25:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Gu, Chonglong
2023. Low-hanging fruits, usual suspects, and pure serendipity: towards a layered methodological framework on translators and interpreters’ ideological language use drawing on the synergy of CDA and corpus linguistics. Perspectives 31:6 ► pp. 1014 ff.
Gu, Chonglong
2024. One-third of a century on: the state of the art, pitfalls, and the way ahead relating to digital humanities approaches to translation and interpreting studies. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 39:1 ► pp. 154 ff.
2023. Editorial: Translation and interpreting as communication: necessity and significance of studies about translated and interpreted communication. Frontiers in Communication 8
Xu, Jun & Yuxiao Liang
2023. Negotiating intersubjectivity by interpersonal and appraisal shifts in Chinese-English government press conference interpreting. Frontiers in Psychology 14
Fu, Rongbo & Kefei Wang
2022. Hedging in interpreted and spontaneous speeches: a comparative study of Chinese and American political press briefings. Text & Talk 42:2 ► pp. 153 ff.
Gao, Fei
2022. A brief review of studies on interpreters' ideological mediation/intervention at international conferences. Frontiers in Communication 7
Gumul, Ewa & Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
2022. Interpreters’ explicitating styles. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 24:2 ► pp. 163 ff.
Zhang, Yifan & Andrew K. F. Cheung
2022. A corpus-based study of modal verbs in Chinese–English governmental press conference interpreting. Frontiers in Psychology 13
2022. Changing the text through explicitation. How trainee interpreters perceive the role of explicitating shifts. The Translator 28:2 ► pp. 234 ff.
Li, Xin & Ranran Zhang
2021. The diplomatic interpreter’s negotiation of power and solidarity through engagement choices: A case study of the Chinese Foreign Minister’s 2018 press conference. Discourse, Context & Media 39 ► pp. 100459 ff.
2020. Translation/Interpreting Process Research. In Translator and Interpreter Education Research [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 85 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 20 november 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.