Agreement in the English Interlanguage of Basque/Spanish Bilinguals
a Minimalist Farewell to pro
This study investigates the status of subject pronouns in the English interlanguage of Basque-Spanish bilinguals from a minimalist perspective. The oral production of 20 participants was analyzed at two different points in their acquisition of English (Time 1:396 hours of exposure; Time 2:564 hours of exposure). The pronoun he, systematicaily adjoined to the verb at Time 1 in sentences that already feature a DP subject, is interpreted as a place holder for the agreement morphemes in the subjects' L 1s. At Time 2 the entire pronominal system is acquired and English pronouns become independent. The reanalysis of pronouns, from agreement morphemes to free elements, is argued to have a direct impact on the distribution of inflection in the participants' English interlanguage.
References (33)
Alexiadou, A. and Anagnostopoulou, E. 1998. Parametrizing AGR: Word order, V-moment and EPP checking. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 161: 491-539.
Berman, R.A. and Slobin, D.I.. 1994. Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bottari, P., Cipriani, P. and Chilosi, A.M. 1993/1994. Protosyntactic devices in the acquisition of Italian free morphology. Language Acquisition 31: 327-369.
Cenoz, J. and Valencia, J. 1994. Additive trilingualism: Evidence from the Basque Country. Applied Psycholinguistics 151(2): 195-207.
Chomsky, N. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Clahsen, H. 1990/1991. Constraints on parameter setting: A grammatical analysis of some acquisition stages in German child language. Language Acquisition 11: 361-391.
Clahsen, H. and Penke, M. 1992. The acquisition of agreement morphology and its syntactic consequences: New evidence on German child language from the Simone corpus. In J. Meisel (ed.) The Acquisition of Verb Placement: Functional Categories and V2 Phenomena in Language Acquisition. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Eubank, L. 1993/1994. On the transfer of parametric values in L2 development. Second Language Research 121: 73-106.
Felix, S. W. and Hahn, A. 1985. Natural processes in classroom second language learning. Applied Linguistics 6(3): 223-238.
Fleta, M.T. 1999. La adquisición del ingles no nativo por niños: El desarrollo de la clausula. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and I n s t i t u t o Universitario Ortega y Gasset.
Fuller, J. and Gundel, G. 1987. Topic prominence in interlanguage. Language Learning 371: 1-18.
García Mayo, M.P. and García Lecumberri, M.L. (eds.) 2003. Age and the Acquisition of English as a Foreign Language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
García Mayo, M.P., Lázaro Ibarrola, A. and Liceras, J.M. 2001. La forma is y los pronobres débiles como morfemas de concordancia en la interlengua inglesa de niños bilingües castellano/euskera. In L. González Romero, M. Martinez Vázquez, B. Rodriguez Arrizabalaga y P. Ron Vaz (eds.). Recent Approaches to English Grammar (pp. 77-89). Huelva: Universidad de Huelva.
García Mayo, M. P., Lázaro Ibarrola, A. and Liceras, J.M. 2003. Comodines is y he en el ingles/ euskera-castellano. In M.R. Pérez and I. Doval (eds.) Adquisición y enseñanza delenguas, bilingüismo y traductión (pp. 117-123). Vigo: Universidade de Vigo.
García Mayo, M.P., Lázaro Ibarrola, A. and Liceras, J.M. 2005. Placeholders in the English interlanguage of bilingual (Basque/Spanish) children. Language Learning 551 (3): 445-489.
Haegeman, L. and Guéron, J. 1999. English Grammar: A Generative Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hilles, S. 1991 Access to Universal Grammar in second language acquisition. In L. Eubank (ed.) Point Counterpoint: Universal Grammar in the Second Language (pp. 305-338). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
lonin, T. and Wexler, K. 2002. Why is 'is' easier that '-s'? Acquisition of tense /agreement morphology by child second language learners of English. Second Language Research 181(2): 95-136.
Kato, M.A. 1999. Strong and weak pronominals in the null subject parameter. Probus 111:1-27.
Lakshmanan, U. 1991. Morphological uniformity and null subjects in child second language acquisition. In L. Eubank (ed.) Point Counterpoint; Universal Grammar in the Second Language (pp. 389-410). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lakshmanan, U. 1993/1994. The boy for the cookie: Some evidence for the non-violation of the Case filter in child second language acquisition. Language Acquisition 31:51-97.
Lardiere, D. and Schwartz, B.D. 1997. Feature-marking in the L2 development of deverbal compounds. Journal of Linguistics 331: 327-353.
Lázaro Ibarrola, A. 2002. La adquisición de la morfosintaxis del ingles por niños bilingües: Una perspectiva minimalista. Ph.D. dissertation. Vitoria: Universidad del Pals Vasco.
Liceras, J. M. and Diaz, L. 1999. Topic-drop versus pro-drop: null subjects and pronominal subjects in the Spanish L2 of Chinese, English, French, German and Japanese speakers. Second Language Research 151(1): 1-40.
MacWhinney, B. 1991. The CHILDES Project: Tools for Analyzing Talk. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.
Mayer, M. 1969. Frog, Where Are You? New York: Dial Press.
Muñoz, C. 2001. La sobre-explicitación de la referenda personal en las narrativas en segunda lengua. In A. I. Moreno and V. Cowell (eds.). Perspectivas recientes sobre el discurso. Leon: Universidad de León. CD-ROM document.
Muñoz, C. 2005. The development of the personal pronoun system in learners of English. Paper presented at the European Second Language Association (EUROSLA) Conference 15. Dubrovnik (Croacia), 14-17 September.
Radford, A. 1988. Transformational Grammar. A First Course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Radford, A. 1997. Syntactic Theory and the Structure of English: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roeper, T. 1992. From the initial state to V2 acquisition principles in action. In J. M. Meisel (ed.) The Acquisition of Verb Placement (pp. 333-370). Dordrecht:Kluwer.
Ruiz Zarobe, Y. 2001. The age factor in trilingual language production: The case of subject pronouns in the acquisition of English. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Third Language Acquisition and Trilingualism. Fryske Akademy, 13-15 September.
Ruiz Zarobe, Y. 2003. Edad y tipologia pronominal en la adquisición del ingles como tercera lengua. In I. M. Palacios Martinez, M. J. López Couso, P. Fra López and E. Seoane Posse (eds.) Fifty Years of English Studies in Spain (1952-2002). A Commemorative Volume (pp. 417-428). Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Fernández Fuertes, Raquel, Eduardo Gómez Garzarán, Sonja Mujcinovic & Iban Mañas Navarrete
2022.
When teaching works and time helps: Noun modification in L2 English school children.
Open Linguistics 8:1
► pp. 475 ff.
Perales, Susana, María del Pilar García Mayo & Juana M. Liceras
2009.
The acquisition of L3 English negation by bilingual (Spanish/Basque) learners in an institutional setting.
International Journal of Bilingualism 13:1
► pp. 3 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 august 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.