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Article published In:
ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 166:1 (2015) ► pp.94–126

How much collocation knowledge do L2 learners have?

The effects of frequency and amount of exposure

 | University of Nottingham
Many scholars believe that collocations are difficult to learn and use by L2 learners. However, some research suggests that learners often know more collocations than commonly thought. This study tested 108 Spanish learners of English to measure their productive knowledge of 50 collocations, which varied according to corpus frequency, t-score, and MI score. The participants produced a mean score of 56.6% correct, suggesting that our learners knew a substantial number of collocations. Knowledge of the collocations correlated moderately with corpus frequency (.45), but also with everyday engagement with English outside the classroom, in activities like reading, watching movies/TV, and social networking (composite correlation = .56). Everyday engagement also had a stronger relationship with collocation knowledge than years of English study (.45).
Keywords: collocations, productive knowledge, frequency, exposure, acquisition
Published online: 8 June 2015
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.166.1.03fer
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2020. The effect of out-of-class exposure to English language media on learners’ vocabulary knowledge. In Approaches to Learning, Testing and Researching L2 Vocabulary [Benjamins Current Topics, 109], ► pp. 143 ff. DOI logo
Teng, Feng
2018. Incidental vocabulary acquisition from reading-only and reading-while-listening: a multi-dimensional approach. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching 12:3 ► pp. 274 ff. DOI logo
Teng, Feng
2019. The effects of context and word exposure frequency on incidental vocabulary acquisition and retention through reading. The Language Learning Journal 47:2 ► pp. 145 ff. DOI logo
Wolter, Brent & Junko Yamashita
2018. WORD FREQUENCY, COLLOCATIONAL FREQUENCY, L1 CONGRUENCY, AND PROFICIENCY IN L2 COLLOCATIONAL PROCESSING. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40:2 ► pp. 395 ff. DOI logo
Gablasova, Dana, Vaclav Brezina & Tony McEnery
2017. Collocations in Corpus‐Based Language Learning Research: Identifying, Comparing, and Interpreting the Evidence. Language Learning 67:S1 ► pp. 155 ff. DOI logo
Macis, Marijana & Norbert Schmitt
2017. Not just ‘small potatoes’: Knowledge of the idiomatic meanings of collocations. Language Teaching Research 21:3 ► pp. 321 ff. DOI logo
Garnier, Mélodie & Norbert Schmitt
2016. Picking up polysemous phrasal verbs: How many do learners know and what facilitates this knowledge?. System 59 ► pp. 29 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2022. Research Methods in Vocabulary Studies [Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 2], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.