Zamboanga Chavacano
From español de cocina to un poquito español. A postcolonial inquiry into creole language
preservation
Existing literature on Philippine languages is rife with references to Chavacano, the hypernym for Spanish-based
creoles spoken in various parts of the archipelago. Variants of Chavacano are characterised in historical accounts as ‘a corrupt
Spanish dialect’ with depreciative labels such as español de tienda ‘hawker Spanish’ or español de
cocina ‘kitchen Spanish’. The concerted assertion of this creole’s degeneracy is a legacy of colonial knowledge
production. Since the genesis of the Philippine creoles, much has changed as to their usage both from a linguistic and a social
viewpoint. It is in this social dimension that we locate the present study. Of the three main varieties of Chavacano, spoken in
Cavite City, Ternate, and Zamboanga respectively, this paper zeroes in on the third as the Mindanaoan variety is the healthiest to
date. We wish to interrogate the trajectory of its social status, from its characterisation as a degenerate variant of Spanish to
its privileged position in contemporary Zamboanga City as a Hispanic identity marker (Chavacano un poquito
español ‘Chavacano slightly Spanish’). Nuancing the role played in language preservation efforts by Zamboangueño
elites, this study highlights the singularity of a creolophone community, who, through the politicisation of heritage, has
subverted the ideological marginality of their Creole mother tongue and appropriated it to be the hallmark of their ethnic
identity.
Keywords:
chabacano
, Spanish creoles, contact languages, endangered languages, area studies, cultural studies, Hispanic, heritage, identity, postcolonial linguistics, postcolonial discourse
Article outline
-
1.Introduction
- 2.What we talk about when we talk about Chavacano
- 3.Chavacano: A hallmark of Zamboangueño Hispanidad
- Hispanidad through place-belonging
- Hispanidad through identity alignment
- Hispanidad through mestizaje
- Hispanidad through linguistic citizenship
- 4.Translating discourse into action
- Political measures towards language preservation
- Scholastic initiatives on language preservation
- Media exposure in aid of language preservation
- 5.Conclusion and ways forward
- Notes
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References