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Article published In:
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
Vol. 32:2 (2017) ► pp.365–397

Documenting Unserdeutsch

Reversing colonial amnesia

| University of Augsburg |
| James Cook University |

Unserdeutsch, also known as Rabaul Creole German, is the only known German-lexifier creole. This critically endangered language has its origins in an orphanage in German New Guinea for mixed-race children, where Standard German was taught by mission personnel. Unserdeutsch was creolised in one generation, and became the in-group language of a small mixed-race community. It is now spoken by around 100 elderly speakers, nearly all immigrants to Australia. The current project is only the second documentation based on actual fieldwork and has a specific focus on the use and vitality of the language as used by the last generation of speakers. It has the aim of producing an Unserdeutsch corpus that will facilitate both future linguistic research and contact with the language for the descendants of Unserdeutsch speakers. Preliminary findings show variation among speakers along a continuum from heavily creolised basilect to an almost European German acrolect. Most of the lexicon is derived from German, while a number of basilectal grammatical constructions are the result of the loss of marked features in German and possible imperfect second language learning as well as relexification of Tok Pisin, the presumed substrate language.

Keywords: Unserdeutsch, Rabaul Creole German, Tok Pisin, German, Papua New Guinea, creole, pidgin, endangered languages, relexification, language documentation
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.German colonial amnesia and linguistics
  • 3.The University of Augsburg Unserdeutsch Research Project
  • 4.Limitations of previous work
  • 5.The genesis and sociolinguistic history of Unserdeutsch
  • 6.Unserdeutsch: a creolised jargon?
  • 7.The Unserdeutsch lexicon
  • 8.Unserdeutsch and other German high-contact varieties
  • 9.Linguistic variation in the Unserdeutsch community
  • 10.Unserdeutsch as an endangered language
    • 10.1Factor 1: Intergenerational language transmission
    • 10.2Factor 2: Absolute number of speakers
    • 10.3Factor 3: Proportion of speakers within the total population
    • 10.4Factor 4: Shifts in domains of language use
    • 10.5Factor 5: Response to new domains and media
    • 10.6Factor 6: Availability of materials for language education and literacy
    • 10.7Factor 7: Governmental and institutional language attitudes and policies including official status and use
    • 10.8Factor 8: Community members’ attitudes toward their own language
    • 10.9Factor 9: Amount and quality of documentation
  • 11.Conclusion: Unserdeutsch and language death
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 4 December 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.06mai
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