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Article published In:
Journal of Second Language Pronunciation
Vol. 6:2 (2020) ► pp.236–264

Testing the malleability of teachers’ judgments of second language speech

ORCID logo | Concordia University, Canada
 | University of Calgary, Canada
 | Concordia University, Canada
 | University of Calgary, Canada
This study examined whether a negative social bias can influence how teachers evaluate second language (L2) speech. Twenty-eight teachers of L2 German from Western Canada – 14 native speakers (NSs) and 14 proficient non-native speakers (NNSs) – rated recordings of 24 adult L2 learners of German across five speech dimensions (accentedness, comprehensibility, vowel/consonant accuracy, intonation, flow) using 1,000-point scales. Immediately before rating, half of NS and NNS teachers heard critical comments about undergraduate German students’ language skills, while the other half heard no biasing comments. Under negative bias, while the NNS teachers provided favorable evaluations across all five measures, NS teachers followed suit for only intonation and flow, downgrading L2 speakers’ accentedness, comprehensibility, and vowel/consonant accuracy. Findings call into question the relative stability of L2 speech ratings and highlight the importance of social context and teacher status as native versus non-native speakers of the target language in assessments of L2 speaking performance.
Keywords: German, social attitudes, speech rating, accent bias, linguistic stereotyping, second language, speech assessment, teacher status, accentedness, comprehensibility, fluency
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background literature
    • 2.1Listener biases and their origins
    • 2.2Listener-specific factors
    • 2.3The current study
  • 3.Method
    • 3.1Teacher raters
    • 3.2Speech materials
    • 3.3Rating procedure
    • 3.4Data analysis
  • 4.Results
  • 5.Discussion
    • 5.1L2 speech ratings and listener bias
    • 5.2Sources of teacher bias
    • 5.3Relationship between teacher status and negative bias varies across speech dimensions
    • 5.4Uneven baselines in the absence of negative bias
  • 6.Implications and conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 9 March 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/jslp.19015.tay
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