Inner and Outer morphology in Greek adjectival participles
I discuss the distribution of the suffixes -tos and -menos in Greek adjectival participles, and I propose that -tos is the default realization of the stativizing head Asp attaching at the root level (inner cycle) and -menos the default realization of Asp attaching above the little v head (outer cycle), following Embick’s (2003) analysis of the distribution or ‘regular’ and ‘irregular’ participial morphology in English. However, particular roots are never listed for -tos vs. -menos in the outer cycle in Greek, unlike English which has “irregular” participial morphology for specific roots in this cycle. I propose that this difference relates to the fact that root irregularity in Greek is systematically dependent on properties of Viewpoint Aspect, while root irregularity in English is dependent on the higher head Tense.
References (66)
References
Ackema, Peter & Schoorlemmer, Maaike. 1995. Middles and non-movement. Linguistic Inquiry 26: 173–197.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alexiadou, Artemis. 2009. On the role of syntactic locality in morphological processes: The case of Greek nominals. In QP, Nominalizations and the role of DP, Anastasia Giannakidou & Monika Rathert (eds), 253–280. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alexiadou, Artemis & Anagnostopoulou, Elena. 2008. Structuring participles. Proceedings of WCCFL 26: 33–41.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alexiadou, Artemis & Anagnostopoulou, Elena. 2013. Manner vs. result complementarity in verbal alternations: A view from the clear-alternation.
Proceedings of NELS 42
, University of Toronto, 39–52. Amherst MA: GLSA.
Alexiadou, Artemis, Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Schäfer, Florian. 2006. The properties of anticausatives cross-linguistically. In Phases of Interpretation, Mara Frascarelli (ed.), 187–212. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alexiadou, Artemis, Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Schäfer, Florian. 2015. External Arguments in Transitivity Alternations. A Layering Approach. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Anagnostopoulou, Elena. 2003. Participles and voice. In Perfect Explorations, Artemis Alexiadou, Monika Rathert & Arnim von Stechow (eds), 1–36. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Anagnostopoulou, Elena. 2014. Roots and domains. Theoretical Linguistics 40(3–4): 299–310. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Samioti, Yota. 2013. Allosemy, idioms and their domains: Evidence from adjectival participles. In On Syntax and its Limits, Rafaella Folli, Christina Sevdali & Robert Truswell (eds), 218–250. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Samioti, Yota. 2014. Domains within words and their meanings: A case study. In The Syntax of Roots and the Roots of Syntax, Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer & Florian Schäfer (eds), 81–111. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Αναστασιάδη-Συμεωνίδη, Άννα 1994. Το τεμάχιο -τος στα ρηματικά επίθετα της Νεοελληνικής. Studies in Greek linguistics 15: 473–484.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Arad, Maya 2003. Locality constraints on the interpretation of roots: The case of Hebrew denominal verbs. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21: 737–778. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Arad, Maya. 2005. Roots and Patterns: Hebrew Morpho-syntax. Dordrecht: Springer.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bruening, Benjamin. 2014. Word formation is syntactic: Adjectival passives in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 32(2): 363–422. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chierchia, Gennaro & McConnell-Ginet, Sally. 1990. An Introduction to Semantics. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist inquires: The framework. In Step by Step. Essays on Minimalist Syntax in Honor of Howard Lasnik, Roger Martin, David Michaels & Juan Uriagereka (eds), 89–151. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In Ken Hale: A Life in Language, Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), 1–52. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dahl, Östen. 1975. On generics. In Formal Semantics of Natural Language, E. Keenan (ed.), 99–111. Cambridge: CUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Davis, Henry & Demirdache, Hamida. 2000. On lexical verb meanings: Evidence from Salish. In Events as Grammatical Objects, Carol Tenny & James Pustejovsky (eds), 95–142. Stanford CA: CSLI.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Davis, Henry, Matthewson, Lisa & Rullmann, Hotze. 2009. A unified modal semantics for out-of-control in St’at’imcets. In Cross-linguistics Semantics of Tense, Aspect and Modality [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 148], Lotte Hogeweg, Helen de Hoop & Andrey Malchukov (eds), 205–244. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Demirdache, Hamida. 1997. ‘Out of control’ in St’át’imcets and event (de)composition. In Theoretical Issues at the Morphology-syntax Interface, Amaya Mendikoetxea & Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria, 97–143. Bilbao: Universidad del Pais Vasco.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dimitriadis, Alexis & Seidl, Amanda. 2003. Statives and reciprocal morphology in Swahili. In Typologie des langues d’Afrique et universaux de la grammaire, Patrick Sauzet & Anne Zribi-Hertz (eds). Paris: L’Harmattan.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dubinsky, Stanley & Simango, Silvester R. 1996. Passive and stative in Chichewa: Evidence for modular distinctions in grammar. Language 72: 749–81. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Embick, David. 2003. Locality, listedness and morphological identity. Studia Linguistica 57: 143–169. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Embick, David. 2004. On the structure of resultative participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35: 355–392. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Embick, David. 2010. Localism vs. Globalism in Morphology and Phonology. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gehrke, Berit. 2015. Adjectival participles, event kind modification and pseudo-incorporation. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. 33: 897–938. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Giannakidou, Anastasia & Merchant, Jason. 1999. Why Giannis can’t scrub his plate clean: On the absence of resultative secondary predication in Greek. In Greek Linguistics’ 97: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Greek Linguistics, Amalia Mozer (ed.) 93–103. Athens: Ellinika Grammata.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grimshaw, Jane. 1991. Extended projection. Ms, Brandeis University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grimshaw, Jane. 2000. Locality and extended projection. In Lexical Specification and Insertion [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 197], Peter Coopmans, Martin Everaert & Jane Grimshaw (eds), 115–135. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hardy, Donald E. 1988. The Semantics of Creek Morphosyntax. Ph.D. dissertation, Rice University.
Hardy, Donald E. 1994. Middle voice in Creek. International Journal of American Linguistics 60: 39–68. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Harley, Heidi. 2005. How do verbs take their names? Denominal verbs, manner incorporation and the ontology of roots in English. In The Syntax of Aspect, Nomi Erteschik-Shir & Tova Rapoport (eds), 42–64. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Himmelmann, Nikolaus. 2004. On statives and potentives in western Austronesian (mostly Tagalog). In Proceedings of Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association 11 [ZAS Papers in Linguistics 34], Paul Law (ed.), 103–119. Berlin: ZAS.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Himmelmann, Nikolaus. 2008. Lexical categories and voice in Tagalog. In Voice and Grammatical Relations in Austronesian Languages, Peter Austin & Simon Musgrave (eds), 247–293. Stanford CA: CSLI.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Horrocks, Geoffrey. 2006. Ελληνικά: Ιστορία της γλώσσας και των ομιλιτών της. Athens: Estia.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Iatridou, Sabine, Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Izvorski, Roumyana. 2001. Observations about the form and meaning of the perfect. In Ken Hale: A Life in Language, Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), 189–238. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Joseph, Brian & Smirniotopoulos, Jane. 1993. The morphosyntax of the Modern Greek verb as morphology and not syntax. Linguistic Inquiry 24: 388–98.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Khumalo, Langa. 2009. The passive and stative constructions in Ndebele: A comparative analysis. Nordic Journal of African Studies 18: 154–174.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kratzer, Angelika 2001. Building statives. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Lisa J. Conathan, Jeff Good, Darya Kavitskaya, Alyssa B. Wulf & Alan C.L. Yu, (eds). Berkeley CA: BLS.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Krifka, Manfred, Pelletier, Francis Jeffrey, Carlson, Gregory, ter Meulen, Alice, Chierchia, Gennaro & Link, Godehard. 1995. Genericity: An introduction. In The Generic Book, Gregory Carlson & Francis Jeffrey Pelletier (eds), 1–124. Chicago IL: Chicago University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lekakou, Marika. 2005. In the Middle Somewhat Elevated. The Semantics of Middles and its Crosslinguistic Realization. Ph.D. dissertation, University College London.
Levinson, Lisa. 2007. The Roots of Verbs. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University.
Levinson, Lisa. 2014. The ontology of roots and verbs. In The Syntax of Roots and the Roots of Syntax, Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer & Florian Schäfer (eds), 208–229. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marantz, Alec. 2001. Words and things. Ms, MIT & NYU.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marantz, Alec 2007. Phases and words. In Phases in the Theory of Grammar, Sook Hee Choe (ed.). Seoul: Dong In.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marantz, Alec. 2013. Locality domains for contextual allomorphy across the interfaces. In Distributed Morphology Today: Morphemes for Morris Halle, Ora Matushansky & Alec Marantz (eds), 95–115. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Markantonatou, Stella, Kaliakostas, A., Bouboureka, V., Kordoni, Valia & Stavrakaki, Stravoula. 1996. Μία (λεξική) σημασιολογική περιγραφή των ρηματικών επιθέτων σε -τός. Studies in Greek Linguistics 17: 187–201.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Merchant, Jason. 2015. How much context is enough? Two cases of spam-conditioned stem allomorphy. Linguistic Inquiry 46: 273–303. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Parsons, Terrence. 1990. Events in the Semantics of English. A Study in Subatomic Semantics. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Phillips, Vivianne. 1996. Up-rooting the Prefix maha- in Malagasy. MA thesis, McGill University.
Ralli, Angela. 2005. Morphology [Ράλλη, Α. 2005. Μορφολογία]. Athens: Patakis.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ralli, Angela. 2006. Compounding [Ράλλη, Α. 2006. Η Σύνθεση Λέξεων]. Athens: Patakis.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Riehemann, Susanne. 1993. Word Formation in Lexical Type Hierarchies – A Case Study of bar-Adjectives in German. MA thesis, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen.
van Riemsdijk, Henk. 1998. Categorial feature magnetism: The endocentricity and distribution of projections. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 2: 1–48. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rivero, Maria-Luisa. 1992. Adverb incorporation and the syntax of adverbs in Modern Greek. Linguistics and Philosophy 15: 289–331. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Samioti, Yota. 2008. The structure of -tos participles expressing ability/possibility. Studies in Greek Linguistics 29.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Samioti, Yota. 2015. Issues in the Lexicon – Syntax Interface and applications in Modern Greek as a 2nd Language. The case of Participles. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Crete.
Σετάτος, Μιχάλης. 1984. Παρατηρήσεις στα ρηματικά επίθετα σε -μένος και -τος της κοινής νεοελληνικής, Μελέτες για την Ελληνική γλώσσα,5η ετήσια συνάντηση, 73–87.
Stroik, Thomas. 1992. Middles and movement. Linguistic Inquiry 23: 127–137.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stroik, Thomas. 1995. On middle formation: A reply to Zribi-Hertz. Linguistic Inquiry 26: 165–171.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stroik, Thomas. 1999. Middles and reflexivity. Linguistic Inquiry 30: 119–131. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Travis, Lisa. 2005. Agents and causers in Malagasy and Tagalog. In The Syntax of Aspect: Deriving Thematic and Aspectual Interpretation, Nomi Erteschik-Shir & Tova Rapoport (eds), 174–189. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Travis, Lisa. 2010. Inner Aspect: The Articulation of VP. Dordrecht: Springer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Labelle, Marie
2022.
The French intensifier auto, and the roles of v and Voice in introducing agents.
Journal of French Language Studies 32:3
► pp. 301 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Biggs, Alison
2021.
The Done‐State Derived Stative: A Case Study in Building Complex Eventualities in Syntax.
Syntax 24:3
► pp. 297 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 25 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.