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Epistemological issue with keynote article “Different speakers, different grammars: Individual differences in native language attainment” by Ewa Dabrowska
[Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 2:3] 2012
► pp. 219–253
keynote-epistemological-article

Different speakers, different grammars

Individual differences in native language attainment

| Northumbria University
This article reviews several recent studies suggesting that — contrary to a widespread belief — adult monolingual native speakers of the same language do not share the same mental grammar. The studies examined various aspects of linguistic knowledge, including inflectional morphology, passives, quantifiers, and more complex constructions with subordinate clauses. The findings suggest that, in some cases, language learners attend to different cues in the input and end up with different grammars; in others, some speakers extract only fairly specific, ‘local’ generalizations which apply to particular subclasses of items while others acquire more abstract rules which apply ‘across the board’. At least some of these differences are education-related: more educated speakers appear to acquire more general rules, possibly as a result of more varied linguistic experience. These findings have interesting consequences for research on bilingualism, particularly for research on ultimate attainment in second language acquisition, as well as important methodological implications for all language sciences.
Keywords: individual differences, ultimate attainment, first language acquisition, second language acquisition, academic achievement, passive, quantifier, subordination, inflectional morphology
Article outline
  • Polish genitive singular masculine inflection
  • Polish dative singular inflection
  • Four complex English constructions
  • Passives
  • Quantifiers, and passives again
  • Competence or performance?
  • Reasons for individual differences
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 7 September 2012
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.2.3.01dab
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Jiang, Canzhong & Xu Wen
2022. Constructional network at work in second language acquisition. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education 7:1 DOI logo
Johns, Michael A, Jorge R Valdés Kroff & Paola E Dussias
2019. Mixing things up: How blocking and mixing affect the processing of codemixed sentences. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:2 ► pp. 584 ff. DOI logo
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2018. Learning Morphological Constructions. In The Construction of Words [Studies in Morphology, 4], ► pp. 547 ff. DOI logo
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2015. Sensitivity to extralinguistic cues to identify generic and non-generic meaning. Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies :10(3) ► pp. 4 ff. DOI logo
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2023. Learning Without Awareness by Academic and Nonacademic Samples: An Individual Differences Study. Language Learning DOI logo
Kirsch, Simon, Carolin Elser, Elena Barbieri, Dorothee Kümmerer, Cornelius Weiller & Mariacristina Musso
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Klassen, Rachel, Björn Lundquist & Marit Westergaard
2023. L1 Grammatical Gender Variation through the Representation in the Lexicon. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 52:2 ► pp. 359 ff. DOI logo
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Krause, Elif, Tanja Rinker & Carsten Eulitz
2020. Chapter 7. Investigating the effects of L1 proficiency and CLI. In Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 60], ► pp. 127 ff. DOI logo
Kupisch, Tanja & Jason Rothman
2018. Terminology matters! Why difference is not incompleteness and how early child bilinguals are heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 22:5 ► pp. 564 ff. DOI logo
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2016. Factors Affecting Grammatical and Lexical Complexity of Long‐Term L2 Speakers’ Oral Proficiency. Language Learning 66:2 ► pp. 354 ff. DOI logo
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2017. Psychology is not primarily Empirical Science: A Comparison of Cultures in the Lexical Hypothesis Tradition as a Failure of Introspection. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 51:2 ► pp. 285 ff. DOI logo
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2023. “Foreign” language aptitude predicts individual differences in native grammatical proficiency. Linguistics 61:5 ► pp. 1165 ff. DOI logo
Lloyd-Smith, Anika, Fatih Bayram & Michael Iverson
2020. Chapter 4. The effects of heritage language experience on lexical and morphosyntactic outcomes. In Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 60], ► pp. 63 ff. DOI logo
López-Beltrán, Priscila & Matthew T. Carlson
2020. How usage-based approaches to language can contribute to a unified theory of heritage grammars. Linguistics Vanguard 6:1 DOI logo
Madlener, Karin, Katrin Skoruppa & Heike Behrens
2017. Gradual development of constructional complexity in German spatial language. Cognitive Linguistics 28:4 DOI logo
Matusevych, Yevgen, Afra Alishahi & Ad Backus
2016. Modelling verb selection within argument structure constructions. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 31:10 ► pp. 1215 ff. DOI logo
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2017. Bilingual Acquisition. In The Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ► pp. 635 ff. DOI logo
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2021. Diversity and divergence in bilingual acquisition. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 40:1 ► pp. 65 ff. DOI logo
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2021. Chapter 2. The (limited) contributions of proficiency assessments in defining advancedness. In Advancedness in Second Language Spanish [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 31], ► pp. 18 ff. DOI logo
Mompean, Jose A.
2022. /r/-sandhi in the speech of Queen Elizabeth II. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 52:2 ► pp. 246 ff. DOI logo
Montero-Melis, Guillermo
2021. Consistency in Motion Event Encoding Across Languages. Frontiers in Psychology 12 DOI logo
Mäkilähde, Aleksi
2019. Norms of correctness and rationality in research on code-switching. In Normativity in Language and Linguistics [Studies in Language Companion Series, 209], ► pp. 235 ff. DOI logo
Navarro-Torres, Christian A., Paola E. Dussias & Judith F. Kroll
2023. When exceptions matter: bilinguals regulate their dominant language to exploit structural constraints in sentence production. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 38:2 ► pp. 217 ff. DOI logo
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2023. A Theory of Linguistic Individuality for Authorship Analysis, DOI logo
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Noël, Dirk
2019. The decline of the Deontic nci construction in Late Modern English. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6:1 ► pp. 22 ff. DOI logo
Noël, Dirk
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2023. Construction Grammar and Usage‐Based Theory. In The Handbook of Usage‐Based Linguistics, ► pp. 215 ff. DOI logo
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Peristeri, Eleni, Katsiperi Maria, Fleva Eleni & Ianthi Maria Tsimpli
2023. On the interaction of age, cognitive abilities, print exposure and pronoun type in pronoun resolution. In Individual Differences in Anaphora Resolution [Language Faculty and Beyond, 18], ► pp. 68 ff. DOI logo
Piepers, Joske, Ad Backus & Jos Swanenberg
2023. ‘It’ Is Not for Everyone: Variation in Speakers’ Evaluation of Sociopragmatic Pronouns in Limburgian. Languages 8:4 ► pp. 253 ff. DOI logo
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Plath, Jennifer & Dominik Leiss
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2023. The role of interactional and cognitive mechanisms in the evolution of (proto)language(s). Lingua 282 ► pp. 103458 ff. DOI logo
Quick, Antje Endesfelder & Ad Backus
2022. A Usage-Based Approach to Pattern Finding: The Traceback Method Meets Code-Mixing. Languages 7:2 ► pp. 135 ff. DOI logo
Quick, Antje Endesfelder, Ad Backus & Elena Lieven
2021. Entrenchment effects in code-mixing: individual differences in German-English bilingual children. Cognitive Linguistics 32:2 ► pp. 319 ff. DOI logo
Ramsey, Rachel E.
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2014. A Prolegomenon to the Construct of the Native Speaker: Heritage Speaker Bilinguals are Natives Too!. Applied Linguistics 35:1 ► pp. 93 ff. DOI logo
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2019. Formal Linguistic Approaches to Adult L2 Acquisition and Processing. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Learning, ► pp. 13 ff. DOI logo
Rothman, Jason, Ianthi Maria Tsimpli & Diego Pascual y Cabo
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Sanches de Oliveira, Guilherme & Maggie Bullock Oliveira
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Schmid, Monika S.
2016. Multi-factorial Studies: Populations and Linguistic Features. In Designing Research on Bilingual Development [SpringerBriefs in Linguistics, ], ► pp. 13 ff. DOI logo
Shadrova, Anna, Pia Linscheid, Julia Lukassek, Anke Lüdeling & Sarah Schneider
2021. A Challenge for Contrastive L1/L2 Corpus Studies: Large Inter- and Intra-Individual Variation Across Morphological, but Not Global Syntactic Categories in Task-Based Corpus Data of a Homogeneous L1 German Group. Frontiers in Psychology 12 DOI logo
Si, Aung & T. Mark Ellison
2023. Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach. International Journal of Bilingualism 27:3 ► pp. 306 ff. DOI logo
Singleton, David
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Smirnova, Elena & Lotte Sommerer
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Sommerer, Lotte & Andreas Baumann
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Stoops, Anastasia & Jessica L. Montag
2023. Effects of individual differences in text exposure on sentence comprehension. Scientific Reports 13:1 DOI logo
Street, James A.
2017. This is the native speaker that the non-native speaker outperformed: Individual, education-related differences in the processing and interpretation of Object Relative Clauses by native and non-native speakers of English. Language Sciences 59 ► pp. 192 ff. DOI logo
Street, James A.
2020. More lexically-specific knowledge and individual differences in adult native speakers' processing of the English passive. Language Sciences 78 ► pp. 101254 ff. DOI logo
Ströbel, Marcus, Elma Kerz & Daniel Wiechmann
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Sullivan, Karen
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SUN, HE, BIN YIN, NUR FARINA BEGUM BINTE AMSAH & BETH ANN O'BRIEN
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Tenbrink, Thora
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Tyler, Andrea E. & Lourdes Ortega
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