Cover not available
Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 19:3 (2018) ► pp.395–409

漢語動詞雙音化過程中的形式選擇和功能表現 (Patterns and functions of verbal disyllabification)

| Peking University

以往文獻對於漢語詞彙雙音化中具體是什麼樣的雙音形式替代了什麼樣的單音形式及其中的選擇規律缺乏研究。本文以動詞的雙音化為考察對象，重點討論的是動賓式和動補式這兩種雙音複合模式與單音形式之間的對應規律，發現雙音化時不同的形式選擇與原單音動詞不同的詞彙語義特徵有關。不包含內在終結點的動詞雙音化時，傾向於選擇動賓式。動賓式雙音複合詞和原來的單音動詞形式相比，有的是增加了動詞部分，很多情況下增加的是輕動詞，原單音動詞變為賓語，可以轉類為名詞而成為名詞性賓語，也可以仍然保持動詞性而充當謂詞性賓語；有的是增加了賓語部分，或者是增加一個原單音動詞詞彙語義中本就包含的受事成分作賓語，或者是增加一個環境論元作賓語；還有的是採用了與原來的單音動詞完全沒有相同之處的動賓形式。包含內在終結點的動詞在雙音化時傾向於選擇動補式，詞彙語義中所隱含的結果狀態比較顯著的單音動詞傾向於在前面添加一個動詞來構成動補式雙音詞，而詞彙語義中所隱含的結果狀態不顯著的則傾向於添加一個虛化的補語來構成動補式雙音詞。內部結構不同的雙音形式對應不同的功能特徵。

Keywords: 雙音化, 詞彙化, 動詞, 詞彙史
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.不包含內在終結點的動詞雙音化時的形式選擇和功能特徵
    • 2.1添加表示動作行為的動詞以構成動賓式雙音詞
    • 2.2添加賓語性成分以構成動賓式雙音詞
    • 2.3動賓式雙音詞的兩個部分都與原來的單音詞不同
    • 2.4動賓式雙音動詞的功能特徵
  • 3.內部包含終結點的單音動詞雙音化時的形式選擇和功能特徵
    • 3.1前面添加表示動作行為的成分以構成動補式複合詞
    • 3.2後面添加一個虛化的補語成分以構成動補式複合詞
    • 3.3全新的動補形式代替原來的單音動詞
    • 3.4動補式複合動詞的功能特徵
  • 4.結語
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 4 July 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00014.don
References

參考文獻

Dong, Xiufang （董秀芳）
2007 Cong cihuihua de jiaodu kan nianheshi dongbu jiegou de xingzhi 從詞彙化的角度看粘合式動補結構的性質 [On the property of resultative construction: From the perspective of lexicalization]. Yuyan Kexue 語言科學 [Linguistic Sciences] 6(1). 40–47.Google Scholar
2011 [2002]  Cihuihua: Hanyu shuangyinci de yansheng he fazhan (Xiuding Ben) 詞彙化：漢語雙音詞的衍生和發展（修訂本） [Lexicalization: The origin and evolution of Chinese disyllabic words]. Revised edn. Beijing: The Commercial Press. (1st edn published in 2002. Chengdu: Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House.)Google Scholar
2017 Dongci hou xuhua wanjie chengfen de shiyong tedian ji xingzhi 動詞後虛化完結成分的使用特點及性質 [On post-verbal completive elements]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2017(3). 290–298.Google Scholar
Haiman, John
1994 Ritualization and the development of language. In Pagliuca, William (ed.), Perspectives on grammaticalization (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 109), 3–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hale, Kenneth & Keyser, Samuel Jay
1991 On the syntax of argument structure (Lexicon Project Working Papers 34). Cambridge: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.Google Scholar
1993 On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations. In Hale, Kenneth & Keyser, Samuel Jay (eds.), The view from Building 20: Essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger (Current Studies in Linguistics 24), 53–109. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hu, Chirui （胡敕瑞）
2005a Cong yinhan dao chengxian (shang): Shilun zhonggu cihui de yige benzhi bianhua 從隱含到呈現（上） – 試論中古詞匯的一個本質變化 [From implicit to explicit (part I): On an essential change of medieval lexicon]. In Editorial Committee of Yuyanxue Luncong, Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU (北京大學漢語語言學研究中心 《語言學論叢》 編委會) (ed.), Yuyanxue Luncong 語言學論叢 [Essays on Linguistics], vol. 311, 1–21. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
2005b Dongjieshi de zaoqi xingshi jiqi panding biaozhun 動結式的早期形式及其判定標準 [The early forms of resultative construction and the relevant criterion]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2005(3). 214–225.Google Scholar
2008 Cong yinhan dao chengxian (xia): Cihui bianhua yingxiang yufa bianhua 從隱含到呈現（下） – 詞匯變化影響語法變化 [From implicit to explicit (part II): Lexical changes affecting grammatical changes]. In Editorial Committee of Yuyanxue Luncong, Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU (北京大學漢語語言學研究中心 《語言學論叢》 編委會) (ed.), Yuyanxue Luncong 語言學論叢 [Essays on Linguistics], vol. 381, 99–127. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Huang, C. -T. James
2015 On syntactic analyticity and parametric theory. In Li, Audrey & Simpson, Andrew & Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan (eds.), Chinese syntax in a cross-linguistic perspective, 1–48. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Cheng-hui （劉承慧）
1999 Shilun shichengshi de laiyuan jiqi chengyin 試論使成式的來源及其成因 [On origins and causes of the verb-resultative constructions]. In Institute of Chinese Studies PKU (北京大學國學研究院中國傳統文化研究中心) (ed.), Guoxue Yanjiu 國學研究 [Studies in Sinology], vol. 61, 349–386. Beijing: Peking University Press.Google Scholar
Massam, Diane
2001 Pseudo noun incorporation in Niuean. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 19(1). 153–197. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Song, Yayun （宋亞雲）
2017 Gu Hanyu qingdongci yanjiu: Yi “fa” “sheng” weili 古漢語輕動詞研究 – 以「發」「生」為例 [On light verbs in Classical Chinese: The cases of fa and sheng ]. In Editorial Committee of Historical Linguistics Research, Institute of Linguistics CASS (中國社會科學院語言研究所 《歷史語言學研究》 編輯部) (ed.), Lishi Yuyanxue Yanjiu 歷史語言學研究 [Historical Linguistics Research], vol. 111, 43–65. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Tai, James H. -Y.
1984 Verbs and times in Chinese: Vendler’s four categories. In Testen, David & Mishra, Veena & Drogo, Joseph (eds.), Papers from the Parasession on Lexical Semantics, 289–296. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Wang, Weihui （汪維輝）
2000  Donghan-Sui changyongci yanbian yanjiu 東漢－隋常用詞演變研究 [On the evolution of frequently used words from Eastern Han to Sui Dynasties]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press.Google Scholar
Xu, Dan （徐丹）
2005 Tan “po”: Hanyu mouxie dongci de leixing zhuanbian 談「破」 – 漢語某些動詞的類型轉變 [Typlogical changes of some verbs in Chiense: The case of po (to break>broken)]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2005(4). 333–340.Google Scholar
Zhang, Guoxian （張國憲）
1989 “Dong+Ming” jiegou zhong dan shuang yinjie dongzuo dongci gongneng chayi chutan 「動+名」結構中單雙音節動作動詞功能差異初探 [On the differences of monosyllabic and disyllabic action verbs in Verb+Noun constructions]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 1989(3). 186–190.Google Scholar