漢語疑問副詞原位與前置的非移位製圖範本闡釋
特指問句中疑問詞的移位和原位現象複雜多樣,幾十年來一直是句法領域的熱門議題。本文在評介以往及最新相關研究的基礎上,並且在製圖理論思想啟發下,尤其針對漢語提出非移位製圖範本框架(NMCT),把常規句法移位看做一個成分在範本上兩個或多個可能出現的功能投射位置之一進行顯性實現,從而對問句中疑問詞移位及原位現象,高、低位疑問副詞差異,A’移位以及優勢效應等句法現象都給出了一個較為統一且簡潔的闡釋。同時,由於否定了高位疑問副詞移位說,我們就可以避免Stepanov & Tsai (2008)關於疑問副詞「低位為變數高位為運算元」的二分說,認為高位WH副詞也可以看做變數,這樣也進一步貫徹和深化了Stepanov & Tsai (2008)推崇的一個理念,即擴充無擇約束的解釋範圍。
Article outline
- 1.引言
- 2.對疑問副詞移位說的質疑及我們的非移位製圖範本闡釋
- 2.1非移位製圖範本觀的建立
- 2.2非移位製圖範本(NMCT)框架下疑問副詞原位及前置的分析
- 3.涉及疑問副詞優勢效應的非移位製圖範本闡釋
- 4.結語
- 謝辭
- 筆記
-
參考文獻
Article language: Chinese
References
參考文獻
Abels, Klaus
2012 The Italian left periphery: A view from locality.
Linguistic Inquiry 43(2). 229–254.
Adger, David & Ramchant, Gillian
2005 Merge and move: Wh-dependencies revisited.
Linguistic Inquiry 36(2). 161–193.
Aoun, Joseph & Li, Audrey Yen-Hui
1993 Wh-elements in situ: Syntax of LF? Linguistic Inquiry 24(2). 199–238.
Bošković, Željko, & Nunes, Jairo
Brody, Michael
2002 On the status of representations and derivations. In
Epstein, Samuel David &
Seely, T. Daniel (eds.),
Derivation and explanation in the Minimalist Program, 19–44. Malden: Blackwell.
Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen & James C.-T. Huang
1996 Two types of donkey sentences.
Natural Language Semantics 4(2). 121–163.
Chomsky, Noam
1995 The Minimalist program. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam
2000 Minimalist inquiries: The framework. In
Martin, Roger &
Michaels, David &
Uriagereka, Juan (eds.),
Step by step: Essays in minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik, 89–155. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam
2005 Three factors in language design.
Linguistic Inquiry 36(1). 1–22.
Chomsky, Noam
2008 On phases. In
Freidin, Robert &
Otero, Carlos P. &
Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa (eds.),
Foundational issues in linguistic theory: Essays in honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud, 133–166. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam
2015 Problems of projection: Extensions. In
Domenico, Elisa Di &
Hamann, Cornelia &
Matteini, Simona (eds.),
Structures, strategies and beyond: Studies in honor of Adriana Belletti, 1–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cinque, Guglielmo
1999 Adverbs and functional heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cinque, Guglielmo
2006 Restructuring and functional heads: The cartography of syntactic structures, vol. 41. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cinque, Guglielmo
2013 Cognition, universal grammar, and typological generalizations.
Lingua 1301. 50–65.
Cinque, Guglielmo & Rizzi, Luigi
2009 The cartography of syntactic structures. In
Heine, Bernd &
Narrog, Heiko (eds.),
The Oxford handbook of linguistic analysis, 51–65. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ernst, Thomas
2002 The syntax of adjuncts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fox, Danny
2002 Antecedent-contained deletion and the copy theory of movement.
Linguistic Inquiry 33(1). 63–96.
Hosono, Mayumi
2014 Information structure, syntax and intonational properties of multiple wh-questions.
Studia Linguistica 68(2). 198–225.
Hsu, Peiling
2009 What would wh-in-situ be like in phase theory? UST Working Papers in Linguistics 51. 1–27.
Huang, James C.-T.
1982 Logical relations in Chinese and the theory of grammar. Cambridge: MIT. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Larson, Bradley
2012 Wh-dependencies without movement in Germanic. (Paper presented at the Comparative Germanic Syntax Workshop (CGSW) 27, New Haven, 31 May–1 June 2012.)
Larson, Bradley
2013 The syntax of non-syntactic dependencies. College Park: University of Maryland. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Lasnik, Howard & Saito, Mamoru
1992 Move alpha: Conditions on its application and output. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Lewis, David
1975 Adverbs of quantification. In
Keenan, Edward (ed.),
Formal semantics of natural language, 3–15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Liu, Danqing (劉丹青)
2016 Hanyu zhong de feihuati zhuyu
漢語中的非話題主語 [Non-topic subjects in Chinese].
Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [
Studies of the Chinese Language] 372(3). 259–275.
Liu, Danqing (劉丹青) & Xu, Liejiong (徐烈炯)
1998 Jiaodian yu beijing, huati ji hanyu “lian” ziju
焦點與背景、話題及漢語「連」字句 [Focus and background, topic and Chinese
lian sentence].
Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [
Studies of the Chinese Language]. 265(4). 243–252.
Murphy, Andrew
2017 Toward a unified theory of wh-in-situ and islands.
Journal of East Asian Linguistics 26(2). 189–231.
Pesetsky, David
1987 Wh in situ: Movement and unselective binding. In
Reuland, Eric J. &
ter Meulen, Alice G. B. (eds.),
Representation of (in)definiteness, 98–129. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Richards, Norvin
2001 Movement in language: Interactions and architectures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rizzi, Luigi
1997 The fine structure of the left periphery. In
Haegeman, Liliane (ed.),
Elements of grammar: Handbook in generative syntax, 281–337. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Rizzi, Luigi
2004 Locality and the left periphery. In
Belletti, Adriana (ed.),
Structures and beyond: The cartography of syntactic structures, vol. 31, 223–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rizzi, Luigi
2006 On the form of chains: Criterial positions and ECP Effects. In
Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen &
Corver, Norbert (eds.),
WH-movement: Moving on, 97–133. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Rizzi, Luigi
2016 Labeling, maximality, and the head-phrase distinction.
The Linguistic Review 33(1). 103–127.
Rizzi, Luigi
2017 The left periphery: Cartography, freezing, labeling. In
Si, Fuzhen (ed.),
Studies on syntactic cartography: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Syntactic Cartography 2015, 3–41. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.
Ross, John Robert
1967 Constraints on variables in syntax. Cambridge: MIT. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Salzmann, Martin
2009 When movement and base-generation compete: On the definition of reference set, the typology of resumption, and ranked economy constraints.
Groninger Arbeiten zur Germanistischen Linguistik 481. 27–63.
Stepanov, Arthur & Tsai, Dylan Wei-Tien
2008 Cartography and licensing of wh-adjuncts: A cross-linguistic perspective.
Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 26(3). 589–638.
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan
1994 On economizing the theory of A-bar dependencies. Cambridge: MIT. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan
1999 On lexical courtesy.
Journal of East Asian Linguistics 8(1). 39–73.
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan
2008 Left periphery and how-why alternations.
Journal of East Asian Linguistics 17(2). 83–115.
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan
2015 A tale of two peripheries: Evidence from Chinese adverbials, light verbs, applicatives, and object fronting. In
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan (ed.),
The cartography of Chinese syntax: The cartography of syntactic structures,
volume
11
1, 1–32. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wang, Meng (王夢) & Wu, Wenbin (武文斌)
2012 Wuxuanzexing yueshu zai hanyu lvzijuzhong de yunyong
無選擇性約束在漢語驢子句中的運用 [The unselective binding analysis of Chinese donkey sentences].
Hebei Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) 河北大學學報(哲學社會科學版) [
Journal of Hebei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)] 37(2). 119–122.
Wu, Yaqing (伍雅清)
1999 Teshu yiwenju yanjiu
特殊疑問句研究 [A review of the studies of WH-questions].
Xiandai Waiyu 現代外語 [
Modern Foreign Languages] 1999(1). 75–107.
Zhang, Jie (張傑)
2012 WH yiwei gudao xiaoying jufa yu yuyi yueshu Wh
移位孤島效應句法與語義約束 [Syntactic and semantic constraints on the Island Effects of Wh-Movement Islands].
Waiyu Jiaoxue 外語教學 [
Foreign Language Education] 33(6). 44–48.
Zhang, Jie (張傑)
2015 Youshi xiaoying jufa he yuyi zhiyue
優勢效應句法和語義制約 [Syntactic and semantic constraints of superiority effects].
Shanghai Ligong Daxue Xuebao 上海理工大學學報(社會科學版) [
Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition)] 37(1). 14–20.
Zhang, Niina
2004 Move is remerge.
Language and Linguistics 5(1). 189–209.
Zhang, Zhenai (張貞愛) & Wen, Liting (溫麗婷)
2013 Zuijianfangan kuangjianei de WH-yiwei yu yuanwei xinjie
最簡方案框架內的WH-移位與原位新解 [An new interpretation of Wh-movement and Wh-in situ within the framework of MP].
Yanbian Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 延邊大學學報(社會科學版) [
Journal of Yanbian University (Social Sciences)] 46(6). 106–113.
Zhang, Zhiheng (張志恒)
2012 Hanyu qianzhi yiwen daici wenju de jiaodian xingzhi
漢語前置疑問代詞問句的焦點性質 [The focus nature of Wh-fronting constructions in Mandarin].
Hanyu Xuebao 漢語學報 [
Chinese Linguistics] 2012(2). 25–34.