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Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 22:3 (2021) ► pp.475–512

現代台灣客語與「分佢」相關的致使結構之語法和語意特點

| National Tsing Hua University

從現代台灣地區客語出發，佐以巴色會客語和跨漢語方言中關於雙及物結構的考察，本文討論客語中由「分佢」和結果式動補（V-R）結構互動所產生的致使結構，並聚焦於「分佢」出現在V和R之中和之後的例子。本文主要觀點如下：第一，「分佢」句式表達言者主觀性，凸顯說話者的意志，但此特點不是因為「我者」視角，而是來自於構式本身；第二，「分佢」句式的複句性質仍然存在，但在語法化的路徑上，整個構式逐漸演變成單子句結構，其中的關鍵在於「佢」的指稱限制降低，經歷了「單數指稱>兼具單數、複數指稱>複數指稱>泛稱>無指稱」等演變階段，這造成了主語的泛化，帶動句式的整體變化，而隨著使用頻率的提高，「分佢」甚至合音成bi2 ，演變成單一的語法標記，單子句的性質益發明顯；第三，「分佢」致使結構不是構詞型，而是分析型；第四，「分佢」在這些結構中的句法位置和雙賓A和B式中接收者的位置有關，非因語意冗贅而產生的自由變換、非取決於R的語義指向、也非源自於雙及物結構中的介賓補語式和複合詞式中「分+賓語」的位置。

Keywords: 客語, 分佢, 結果式, 致使結構, 雙賓結構
Article outline
  • 1.前言
  • 2.基本分類
  • 3.文獻回顧
    • 3.1「分佢」句式的語意特點
    • 3.2「分佢」的功能
    • 3.3如何決定「分佢」出現的位置？
      • 3.3.1語義指向說
      • 3.3.2語義重疊說
      • 3.3.3雙賓結構說
      • 3.3.4小結
  • 4.客語的「分佢」構式
    • 4.1「佢」的指稱
    • 4.2「分佢」句式的句法和語意特點
      • 4.2.1「V+分佢+R」的言者主觀性
      • 4.2.2「V+分佢+R」為分析型致使結構
    • 4.3決定「分佢」句法分布之因素
  • 5.結論
  • 謝辭
  • 笔记
  • 縮寫對照表
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 11 May 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00089.yeh
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