Cover not available
Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 18:4 (2017) ► pp.521–576

On the status of functional categories (heads and phrases)

 | Università Ca’ Foscari (University of Venice)
In this article I would like to revisit one aspect of the structure of the functional sequence of the clause in light of certain recent developments, in particular Kayne’s (2016) proposal that all heads are necessarily silent. I will also discuss the possibility that (certain) silent heads may be endowed with single features that denote complex notions taking progressive aspect as a case in point.
Keywords: functional categories, functional heads, phrases, progressive aspect
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The double role of silence
  • 3.The derivation of head-initial and head-final word orders
    • 3.1The two ideal types
      • 3.1.1The “head-initial” type
      • 3.1.2The “head-final” type
      • 3.1.3The over-arching generalization
    • 3.2Deriving the two ideal word order types (with the segregation of heads and phrases)
    • 3.2.1 The “head-initial” type
    • 3.2.2 The ideal “head-final” type
  • 4.Are there features encoding complex notions?
    • 4.1Some notes on Progressive aspect
    • 4.2The cross-linguistic expression of Progressive aspect
      • 4.2.1Locative source progressives
        • 4.2.1.1‘Locative preposition + a nominalized form of V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.2‘Stay + Vgerund’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.3‘Stand’/‘sit’/‘lie’/‘hang’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.4‘Live + V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.5‘Inside/middle/midst + V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.6‘Be near to + Vinfinitive’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.7‘Be present + V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.8‘Be behind + Vinfinitive’ progressives
      • 4.2.2‘Be after/before + V’ progressives
      • 4.2.3‘During/while + V’ progressives
      • 4.2.4‘Be in the course of + Vinfinitive’ progressives
      • 4.2.5‘Be on the way’ progressives
      • 4.2.6‘Carry (on)’ progressives
      • 4.2.7‘To be occupied/engaged in/busy with’ + V’ progressives
      • 4.2.8‘Hold’ progressives
      • 4.2.9‘Be with’ progressives
      • 4.2.10‘Have’ progressives
      • 4.2.11‘Do’ progressives
      • 4.2.12‘Now’ progressives
      • 4.2.13‘Still, yet’ progressives
      • 4.2.14Progressive particles and affixes with no transparent meaning
      • 4.2.15‘Subject clitic’ progressives
      • 4.2.16‘Reduplication’ progressives
      • 4.2.17Tone marked progressives
      • 4.2.18Focus marked progressives
      • 4.2.19Word order marked progressives (possibly due to V(P) raising to a silent progressive projection)
      • 4.2.20No special morphology for the Progressive
    • 4.3A possible implication of the cross-linguistic encoding of Progressive aspect
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 10 October 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.18.4.01cin
References (217)
References
Abbott, Miriam. 1991. Macushi. Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol. 31, ed. by D. C. Derbyshire & G. K. Pullum, 23–160. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Akumbu, Pius W. 2015. Babanki verb tone. Studies in African Linguistics 44.11: 1–26. Available at [URL]
Alamin, Suzan. 2012. The Nominal and Verbal Morphology of Tima: A Niger-Congo Language Spoken in the Nuba Mountains. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar
Ambe, Henry Suh Achuo. 1989. The Structure of Bafut (Volumes I and II). Washington (D.C.): Georgetown University.Google Scholar
Ameka, Felix K. 2002. The progressive aspect in Likpe: Its implications for aspect and word order in Kwa. New Directions in Ghanaian Linguistics: Essays in Honour of the 3Ds: M. E. Kropp Dakubu, Florence Abena Dolphyne, Alan Stewart Duthie, ed. by Felix K. Ameka & E. Kweku Osam, 85–111. Accra: Black Mask Ltd.Google Scholar
Amman, Andreas. 2007. The fate of “redundant” verbal forms: Double perfect constructions in the languages of Europe. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung [ Language Typology and Universals ] 60.31: 186–204.Google Scholar
Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero, & Andrés Salanova. 2014. Cross-linguistic variation in imperfectivity. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 321: 307–362. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Barbiers, Sief. 2000. The right periphery in SOV languages: English and Dutch. The Derivation of VO and OV, ed. by Peter Svenonius, 181–218. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bar-El, Leora Anne. 2005. Aspectual Distinctions in Skwxwú7mesh. Vancouver: University of British Columbia dissertation.Google Scholar
Benincà, Paola, & Cecilia Poletto. 1994. Bisogna and its companions: the verbs of necessity. Paths Towards Universal Grammar: Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne, ed. by Guglielmo Cinque, Jan Koster, Jean-Yves Pollock, Luigi Rizzi & Raffaella Zanuttini, 35–57. Washington: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Bennett, Michael, & Barbara Partee. 1972. Toward the logic of tense and aspect in English. Technical Report for the System Development Corporation. Santa Monica: System Development Corporation.Google Scholar
Berizzi, Mariachiara, & Silvia Rossi. 2010. “Sure I’m after seeing him not five minutes ago” (J. Joyce): The After-Perfect construction in Hiberno-English. Quaderni di Lavoro ASIt [ ASIt Working Papers ]101: 19–37 Available at [URL]
Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 1986. Tempo, Aspetto e Azione nel Verbo Italiano: Il sistema dell’Indicativo [Tense, Aspect and Action in the Italian Verb: The Indicative System]. Firenze: L’Accademia della Crusca.Google Scholar
Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 2000. The progressive in Romance, as compared with English. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe, ed. by Östen Dahl, 559–604. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Available at [URL]
Bertinetto, Pier Marco, & Denis Delfitto. 1996. L’ Espressione della progressività-continuità: un confronto tripolare (italiano, inglese e spagnolo) [The expression of progressivity-continuity: a typological contrast (Italian, English, and Spanish)]. Italiano e Dialetto nel Tempo: Studi di Grammatica Offerti a Giulio Lepschy [ Italian and Dialect in Time: Grammar Studies Offered to Giulio Lepschy ], ed. by Paola Benincà, Guglielmo Cinque, Tullio De Mauro & Nigel Vincent, 45–66. Rome: Bulzoni.Google Scholar
Bertinetto, Pier Marco, Karen H. Ebert, & Casper de Groot. 2000. The progressive in Europe. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe, ed. by Östen Dahl, 517–558. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Available at [URL]
Bertocci, Davide, & Silvia Rossi. 2011. Perifrasi azionali ed aspettuali in alcune varietà piemontesi [Actional and aspectual periphrases in some piedmontese varieties]. Quaderni di Lavoro ASIt [ ASIt Working Papers ], ed. by Jacopo Garzonio, Studi sui Dialetti del Piemonte [ Studies on the Dialects of Piedmont ] 131: 49–70. Available at [URL]
Bhatia, Tej K. 1993. Punjabi: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bhatt, Rajesh, & Roumyana Pancheva. 2005a. Note 1. Aspect: An overview. Lecture note at LSA 130: The Syntax and Semantics of Aspect. Available at [URL]
Bhatt, Rajesh, & Roumyana Pancheva. 2005b. Note 2. The Perfect. Lecture note at LSA 130: The Syntax and Semantics of Aspect). Available at [URL]
Biberauer, Theresa, Anders Holmberg, & Ian Roberts. 2014. A syntactic universal and its consequences. Linguistic Inquiry 45.21: 169–225. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Binnick, Robert I. 1991. Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Blansitt, Edward L., Jr. 1975. Progressive Aspect. Working Papers on Language Universals 181: 1–34.Google Scholar
Blensenius, Kristian. 2015. Progressive Constructions in Swedish. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg dissertation. Available at [URL]
Bolaños Quiñonez, Katherine Elizabeth. 2016. A Grammar of Kakua. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam dissertation. Available at [URL]
Bolinger, Dwight. 1971. The nominal in the progressive. Linguistic Inquiry 21: 246–250.Google Scholar
Bon, Noëllie. 2014. Une Grammaire de la Langue Stieng: Langue en Danger du Cambodge et du Vietnam [ A Grammar of the Stieng Language: An Endangered Language in Cambodia and Vietnam ]. Lyon: University Lumière Lyon 2 dissertation. Available at [URL]
Borchers, Dörter. 2008. A Grammar of Sunwar: Descriptive Grammar, Paradigms, Texts and Glossary. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Bortolotto, Laura. 2015. Ordering restrictions in the syntax of relational adjectives in Italian. Rivista di Grammatica Generativa [ Research in Generative Grammar ] (RGG) 371: 17–34. Available at [URL]
Bortoluzzi, Maria. 1992. The progressive aspect: some problem areas in comparing English and Italian. Studi italiani di linguistica teorica e applicata 211: 179–197.Google Scholar
Boutwell, Richard Lee. 2000. Functional Universals of Tense-aspect-modality Morphology in SOV Languages. Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington thesis.Google Scholar
Brown, Lea. 2001. A Grammar of Nias Selatan. Sydney: University of Sydney dissertation. Available at [URL]
Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, & William Pagliuca. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Carlson, Greg. 2012. Habitual and Generic Aspect. The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect, ed. by Robert I. Binnick, 828–851. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carolan, Elizabeth, & Jessica Coon. 2015. Negation in Chuj progressives (and other evidence for the biclausal structure of progressives). Paper presented at the 2015 annual meeting of SSILA, January 8–11, 2015. Portland: the Hilton Portland & Executive Tower. Available at [URL]
Cerruti, Massimo. 2009. Strutture dell’italiano Regionale: Morfosintassi di una Varietà Diatopica in Prospettiva Sociolinguistica [ Structures of Regional Italian: Morphosyntax of a Diatopic Variety in a Sociolinguistic Perspective ]. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Cerruti, Massimo. 2011. Note sulla grammaticalizzazione di perifrasi aspettuali [Notes on the grammaticalization of aspectual periphrases]. Quaderni di Lavoro ASIt [ ASIt Working Papers ], ed. by Jacopo Garzonio, Studi sui Dialetti del Piemonte [Studies on the Dialects of Piedmont] 131: 71–93. Available at [URL]
Chia, Emmanuel N. 1976. Kom Tenses and Aspects. Washington, DC: Georgetown University dissertation.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1964. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. The Hague: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 2013. Problems of Projection. Lingua 1301:33–49. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cinque, Guglielmo. 1999. Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-linguistic Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2004. Issues in adverbial syntax. Lingua 1141: 683–710. Available at [URL]
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2009. The fundamental left-right asymmetry of natural languages. Universals of Language Today, ed. by Sergio Scalise, ‎Elisabetta Magni & ‎Antonietta Bisetto, 165–184. Dordrecht: Springer. Available at [URL] doi:  DOI logo
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2010. Mapping Spatial PPs: An Introduction. Mapping Spatial PPs: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. 61, ed. by Guglielmo Cinque & Luigi Rizzi, 3–25. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at [URL] doi:  DOI logo
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2011. Greenberg’s Universal 23 and SVO languages. Structures and Meanings: Cross- theoretical perspectives, ed. by Mara Frascarelli, 75–80. Turin: L’Harmattan. Available at [URL]
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2014. Again on tense, aspect, mood morpheme order and the ‘Mirror Principle’. Functional Structure from Top to Toe: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. 91, ed. by Peter Svenonius, 232–265. New York: Oxford University Press. Available at [URL] doi:  DOI logo
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2015. A note on ‘other’. Charting the Landscape of Linguistics: Webschrift for Josef Bayer, ed. by Ellen Brandner, Anna Czypionka, Constantin Freitag & Andreas Trotzke, 22–27. Konstanz: Universität Konstanz. Available at [URL]
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2017. A microparametric approach to the head-initial/head-final parameter. To appear in Parameters: what are they? Where are they? ed. by S. Karimi & M. Piattelli Palmarini (Special issue of Linguistic Analysis). Available at [URL]
Cipria, Alicia, & Craige Roberts. 2000. Spanish imperfect and préterito: Truth conditions and aktionsart effects in a situation semantics. Natural Language Semantics 81: 297–347. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coon, Jessica, & Elizabeth Carolan. 2015. Nominalization and the structure of progressives in Chuj Mayan. Ms. Available at [URL]
Copley, Bridget, & Isabelle Roy. 2013. Deriving the readings of French être en train de . Paper presented at Going Romance Amsterdam November 28–30, 2013. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. Available at [URL]
Cordin, Patrizia. 1997. Tense, mood and aspect in the verb. The Dialects of Italy, ed. by Martin Maiden & Mair Parry, 87–98. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Corver, Norbert. 2008. On silent, semi-lexical PERSON. Lingue e Linguaggio 11: 5–24. Available at [URL]
Dahl, Östen. 1985. Tense and Aspect Systems. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Available at [URL]
Daly, John P. 1973. A Generative Syntax of Peñoles Mixtec. Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of Oklahoma.Google Scholar
Dauzat, Albert. 1954. A propos des temps surcomposés: surcomposé provençal et surcomposé français [Regarding the double-compound tenses: Provençal double-compound and French double-compound tenses]. Le Français Moderne 221: 259–262. Available at [URL]
Davies, William D. 2010. A Grammar of Madurese. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Davis, Karen. 2003. A Grammar of the Hoava Language, Western Solomons. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics (The Australian National University).Google Scholar
De Belder, Marijke. 2007. Silence and the construct state in Dutch date expressions. Linguistics in the Netherlands: 24.1: 25–35. Available at [URL]
de Groot, Casper. 2000. The absentive. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe, ed. by Östen Dahl, 641–667. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
den Besten, Hans. 1989. Studies in West Germanic Syntax. Tilburg: University of Tilburg dissertation.Google Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1986. Comparative survey of morphology and syntax in Brazilian Arawakan. Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol. 11, ed. by D. C. Derbyshire & G. K. Pullum, 469–566. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
De Wit, Astrid, & Adeline Patard. 2012. The grammaticalization of the present progressive in French compared to English. Paper presented at the 45th Annual SLE meeting, August 28, 2012. Stockholm: Stockholm University. Available at [URL]
De Wit, Astrid, Adeline Patard, & Frank Brisard. 2013. A contrastive analysis of the present progressive in French and English. Studies in Language 37.41: 846–879. Available at [URL]
Dini, Luca. 2002. Events and Their Measures. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.Google Scholar
Do-Hurinville, Danh Thành. 2007. Etude sémantique et syntaxique de être en train de [Semantic and syntactic study of être en train de ]. L’Information Grammaticale [ Grammatical Information ] 1131: 32–39. Available at [URL]
Donaldson, B. C. 1981. Dutch Reference Grammar. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Dowty, David R. 1979. Word Meaning and Montague Grammar. Dordrecht: Kluwer. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dryer, Matthew S. 1992. The greenbergian word order correlations. Language 68.11: 81–138. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Duffield, Nigel. 1999. Final modals, adverbs and antisymmetry in Vietnamese. Revue québécoise de linguistique 27.21: 92–129.Google Scholar
Duquesne, Emmanuel. 2013. “Haar drome is besig om waar te word”: An Afrikaans Progressive Construction? Leuven: Catholic University of Leuven thesis. Available at [URL]
Ebert, Karen H. 1995. Ambiguous perfect-progressive forms across languages. Temporal Reference, Aspect and Actionality, Vol. 2: Typological Perspectives, ed. by Pier Marco Bertinetto, Valentina Bianchi, Östen Dahl & Mario Squartini, 185–203. Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier.Google Scholar
Ebert, Karen H. 2000. Progressive markers in Germanic languages. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe, ed. by Östen Dahl, 605–653. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Available at [URL]
Elimelech, Baruch. 1978. A Tonal Grammar of Etsakọ. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Embick, David, & Roumyana Izvorski. 1995. Participle-auxiliary word-orders in Slavic. Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The Cornell Meeting, ed. by Wayles Browne, 210–239. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.Google Scholar
Emonds, Joseph E. 1985. A Unified Theory of Syntactic Categories. Dordrecht: Foris. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Emonds, Joseph E. 1996. Secondary predication, stationary particles and silent prepositions. Essays in Linguistics and Philology Presented to Professor Kinsuke Hasegawa, ed. by Akira Baba et al., 1–20 Tokyo: Kenkyusha Press.Google Scholar
Enfield, N. J., & Gérard Diffloth. 2009. Phonology and sketch grammar of Kri, a Vietic language of Laos. Cahiers de Linguistique – Asie Orientale 38.11: 3–69. Available at [URL]
Fagard, Benjamin. 2003. Après: de l’espace au temps, la sémantique en diachronie [ After: from space to time, semantics in diachrony]. Linguagem, Cultura e Cognição [ Language, Culture and Cognition ], Jul 2003, Braga, Portugal. <halshs-01242130> HAL Open Access Archive, 231–246. Available at [URL]
Filppula, Markku. 1999. The Grammar of Irish English: Language in Hibernian Style. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Forner, Werner. 1997. Liguria. The Dialects of Italy, ed. by Martin Maiden & M. Mair Parry, 245–252. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Frajzyngier, Zygmunt, Marion Bond, Lori Heintzelman, Dan Keller, Saeko Ogihara, & Erin Shay. 2008. Towards an understanding of the progressive form in English: the Imperative as a heuristic tool. Modality-Aspect Interfaces: Implications and Typological Solutions, ed. by Werner Abraham & Elisabeth Leiss, 81–96. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Franco, Ludovico. 2013. On the syntax of Pantiscu aspectual subject clitics. Ms., CLUNL/FCSH/Universidade Nova de Lisboa.Google Scholar
GLR = Gramatica Limbii Române [Grammar of the Romanian Language] Vol.II1, 2005. Bucharest: Academiei Romane [The Romanian Academy Publishing House].Google Scholar
Gold, Elaine. 2007. Aspect in Bungi: expanded progressives and be perfects. Proceedings of the 2007 Annual Conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Milica Radišić, 11 pages. Available at [URL]
Grangé, Philippe. 2013. Aspect in Indonesian: free markers vs bound markers. Tense, Aspect, Mood and Evidentiality in Languages of Indonesia. NUSA 551: 57–79. Available at [URL]
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. Universals of Language, ed. by Joseph H. Greenberg, 73–113. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Güldemann, Tom. 2003. Present progressive vis-à-vis predication focus in Bantu. Studies in Language 27.21: 323–360. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Haegeman, Liliane M. V. 1982. The futurate progressive in Present-Day English. Journal of Linguistic Research 21: 13–19.Google Scholar
Haider, Hubert. 1992. Branching and discharge. Lexical Specifications and Insertion, ed. by Peter Coopmans, Martin B. H. Everaert & Jane Grimshaw, 135–164. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Haider, Hubert. 2013. Symmetry Breaking in Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haiman, John. 2011. Cambodian: Khmer. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Cynthia I. A. 2012. Exploiting syntax to circumvent morphology: word order as a means for marking grammatical categories. Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 10: Special Issue on Humanities of the Lesser-known: New Directions in the Description, Documentation and Typology of Endangered Languages and Musics, ed. by Niclas Burenhult, Arthur Holmer, Anastasia Karlsson, Håkan Lundström & Jan-Olof Svantesson, 288–306. London: SOAS. Available at [URL]
Harrison, Sheldon P. 1976. Mokilese Reference Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Jack. A. 1983. Word Order Universals. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, & Tania Kuteva. 2002. World Lexicon of Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Higginbotham, James. 2004. The English progressive. The Syntax of Time, ed. by Jacqueline Guéron & Jacqueline Lecarme, 329–358. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Holton, Gary. 2014. Western Pantar. The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar Vol. 1: Sketch Grammars, ed. by Antoinette Schapper, 23–96. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Horvath, Julia. Forthcoming. Pied-Piping. To appear in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax (2nd edition), ed. by Martin Everaert & Henk C. van Riemsdijk. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hualde, Jose Ignacio, & Jon Ortiz de Urbina. 1987. Restructuring with ARI. ASJU International Journal of Basque Philology XXI–2: 425–452.Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M., & John R. Watters. 1984. Auxiliary focus. Studies in African Linguistics 15.31: 233–273. Available at [URL]
Hyslop, Catriona. 2001. The Lolovoli Dialect of the North-East Ambae Language: Vanuatu. Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar
Inagaki, Kazuya. 2013. TAME indicators in Kadorih. Tense, Aspect, Mood and Evidentiality in Languages of Indonesia. NUSA 551: 95–121, ed. by John Bowden. Available at [URL]
Jäger, Andreas. 2006. Typology of Periphrastic ‘Do’-Constructions. Bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer.Google Scholar
Jendraschek, Gerd. 2006. Basque in contact with Romance languages. Grammars in Contact: A Cross-Linguistic Typology, ed. by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & R. M. W. Dixon, 143–162. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jespersen, Otto. 1924. The Philosophy of Grammar. London: Allen & Unwin Ltd.Google Scholar
Kawasha, Boniface Kaumba. 2003. Lunda Grammar: A Morphosyntactic and Semantic Analysis. Eugene: University of Oregon dissertation.Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 1975. French Syntax: The Transformational Cycle. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 1994. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 1999. Prepositional complementizers as attractors. Probus 111: 39–73 (Reprinted in 2000, Parameters and Universals, 282–313. New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 2003a. Antisymmetry and Japanese. English Linguistics 201: 1–40 (Reprinted in 2005, Movement and Silence, 215–240. New York: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 2003b. Silent years, silent hours. Grammar in Focus: Festschrift for Christer Platzack 18 November 2003 Vol II, ed. by L.-O. Delsing, C. Falk, G. Josefsson & H. Á. Sigurðsson, 209–226. Lund: Wallin & Dalholm.Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 2004. Here and There. Lexique, Syntaxe et Lexique-Grammaire / Syntax, Lexis and Lexicon-Grammar: Papers in Honour of Maurice Gross, ed. by Christian Leclère, Éric Laporte, Mireille Piot & Max Silberztein, 275–285. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Also in 2005, Movement and Silence. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 2005. Some notes on comparative syntax, with special reference to English and French. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Syntax, ed. by Guglielmo Cinque & Richard S. Kayne, 3–69. New York: Oxford University Press (Reprinted in 2005, Movement and Silence, 277–334. New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 2006. On parameters and on principles of pronunciation. Organizing Grammar: Linguistic Studies in Honor of Henk van Riemsdijk, ed. by Hans Broekhuis, Norbert Corver, Riny Huybregts, Ursula Kleinhenz & Jan Koster, 289–299. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton (Reprinted in 2010. Comparisons and Contrasts, 73–81. New York: Oxford University Press). doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 2016. The silence of heads. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 37.11: 1–37. Available at [URL]
Kluge, Angela. 2017. A Grammar of Papuan Malay. Berlin: Language Science Press. Available at [URL]
König, Ekkehard. 1995. He is being obscure: non-verbal predication and the progressive. Temporal Reference, Aspect and Actionality, Vol. 2: Typological Perspectives, ed. by Pier Marco Bertinetto, Valentina Bianchi, Östen Dahl & Mario Squartini, 155–167. Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier.Google Scholar
Koopman, Hilda. 2015a. A Note on Huave morpheme ordering: Local dislocation or (generalized) U20? Ms., UCLA.Google Scholar
Koopman, Hilda. 2015b. Generalized U20 and morpheme order. Ms., UCLA.Google Scholar
Koopman, Hilda, & Anna Szabolcsi. 2000. Verbal Complexes ( Current Studies in Linguistics Series 34 ). Cambridge: The MIT Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd. 2004. Do as a tense and aspect marker in varieties of English. Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective, ed. by Bernd Kortmann, 245–276. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Kranich, Svenja. 2010. The Progressive in Modern English: A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization and Related Changes. Amsterdam: Rodopi. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kuteva, Tania. 1998. Large linguistic areas in grammaticalization: auxiliation in Europe. Language Sciences 20.31: 289–311. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kuteva, Tania A. 1999. On ‘sit’/‘stand’/‘lie’ auxiliation. Linguistics 37.21: 191–213. Available at [URL]
Laca, Brenda. 2004. Les catégories aspectuelles à expression périphrastique: une interprétation des apparentes “lacunes” du français [Periphrastic aspectual categories: towards an interpretation of some apparent “gaps” in French]. Langue Française 141.11: 85–98.Google Scholar
Lachaux, Françoise. 2005. La périphrase être en train de, perspective interlinguale (anglais-français): une modalisation de l’aspect? [The periphrase être en train de, interlingual perspective (English-French): a modalization of aspect?]. Les Periphrases Verbales [ Verbal Periphrasis ], ed. by Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot & Nicole Le Querler, 119–142. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Laka, Itziar. 2006. Deriving split ergativity in the progressive: the case of Basque. Ergativity: Emerging Issues, ed. by A. Johns, D. Massam & J. Ndayiragije, 173–196. Dordrecht: Springer. Available at [URL] doi:  DOI logo
Lambova, Mariana. 2004. On Information Structure and Clausal Architecture: Evidence from Bulgarian. Storrs: University of Connecticut dissertation.Google Scholar
LaPolla, Randy J. 2003. Qiang. The Sino-Tibetan Languages, ed. by Graham Thurgood & Randy J. LaPolla, 573–587. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ledgeway, Adam. 2016. The dialects of southern Italy. The Oxford Guide to Romance Languages, ed. by Adam Ledgeway & Martin Maiden, 246–269. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lee, Nala Huiying. 2014. A Grammar of Baba Malay with Sociophonetic Considerations. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i at Mānoa dissertation. Available at [URL]
Leeman, Danielle. 2012. Contribution à la définition de l’identité de la périphrase être en train de [Contribution to the definition of the identity of the periphrasis être en train de ]. La Tribune Internationale des Langues Vivantes [ The International Tribune of Modern Languages ], 133–138. Paris: Union des professeurs de langues dans les grandes écoles scientifiques. Available at [URL]
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1978. The great underlying ground plans. Syntactic Typology: Studies in the Phenomenology of Language, ed. by Winfred P. Lehmann, 3–56. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Leu, Thomas. 2008. The Internal Syntax of Determiners. New York: New York University dissertation. Available at [URL]
Leyew, Zelealem. 2012. The Kulisi Agaw: The People and Their Language. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University thesis. Available at [URL]
Litamahuputty, Betty. 2012. Ternate Malay: Grammar and Texts. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden dissertation. Available at [URL]
Livingston, Andrew. 2016. East Uvean: A Condensed Grammar. Seattle: University of Washington thesis. Available at [URL].Google Scholar
Lynch, John. 1982. Anejom grammar sketch. Papers in Linguistics of Melanesia 41: 93–154.Google Scholar
MacDonald, Lorna. 1985. A Grammar of Tauya. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba dissertation. Available at [URL]
Marchand, Hans. 1955. On a question of aspect: a comparison between the progressive form in English and that in Italian and Spanish. Studia Linguistica 9.1–21: 45–52. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McClure, William. 2008. Morpho-semantics of the progressive. Proceedings of the 26th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, ed. by Charles B. Chang & Hannah J. Haynie, 384–392. Somerville: Cascadilla. Available at [URL]
Montague, Richard. 1970. English as a formal language. Linguaggi nella Società e nella Tecnica [ Languages in Society and Technology ], ed. by B. Visentini, 189–224. Milan: Edizioni di Comunità [Community Editions] (reprinted in Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of Richard Montague, ed. by H. Thomason, 108–221. New Haven: Yale University Press.)Google Scholar
Mortier, Liesbeth. 2008. An analysis of progressive aspect in French and Dutch in terms of Variation and Specialization. Languages in Contrast 8.11: 1–20. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nash, Lea, & Alain Rouveret. 1997. Proxy Categories in Phrase Structure Theory. Proceedings of NELS 271, 287–304. Amherst: GLSA Publications.Google Scholar
Nchare, Abdoulaye Laziz, & Arhonto Terzi. 2014. Licensing silent structure: the spatial prepositions of Shupamem. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 32.21: 673–710. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Noonan, Michael. 1992. A Grammar of Lango. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nurse, Derek. 2006. Focus in Bantu: verbal morphology and function. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 431: 189–207. Available at [URL].
Nurse, Derek. 2008. Tense and Aspect in Bantu. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Oa, Morea, & Ma’oni Paul. 2013. Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi language spoken in Central Province. Ukarumpa: SIL. Available at [URL].
Ochola, Elizabeth. 2011. Dholuo Morphosyntactics in a Minimalist Program: An Analysis of the Verbal System. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert.Google Scholar
Ogunmodimu, Morakinyo. 2013. Tense, Aspect and Negation in Àhàn. Paper presented at the 2013 Hawaii University International Conferences Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences, January 6–8, 2013. Honolulu: Ala Moana Hotel. Available at [URL]
Olumuyiwa, Temitope. 2012. Tense-Aspect and Negation in Mọ̀bà. California Linguistic Notes Volume XXXVII No. 2: 1–12. Available at [URL].Google Scholar
Osumi, Midori. 1995. Tinrin Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Overall, Simon E. 2007. A Grammar of Aguaruna. Melbourne: La Trobe University dissertation. Available at [URL]
Pan, Chia-jung. 2012. A Grammar of Lha’alua, an Austronesian Language of Taiwan. Cairns: James Cook University dissertation. Available at [URL]
Pearce, Elizabeth. 2015. Completing and terminating: on aspect marking in Unua. The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity, ed. by Alexandre François, Sébastien Lacrampe, Michael Franjieh & Stefan Schnell, 23–52. Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics. Available at [URL]
Piotrowska, C. M. 2014. A Diachronic Analysis of the Progressive Aspect in Black South African English. Potchefstroom: North-West University dissertation. Available at [URL]
Poletto, Cecilia. 1993. The aspect projection: an analysis of the Passé Surcomposé. Proceedings of the XVIII Meeting of Generative Grammar, ed. by E. Fava, 289–312. Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier.Google Scholar
Poletto, Cecilia. 2008. Syntactic encoding of aspect in some Northern Italian dialects. Tiempos Compuestos y Formas Verbales Complejas [ Complex Tenses and Complex Verbal Forms ], ed. by Ángeles Carrasco Gutiérrez, Chapter 11. Frankfurt-Madrid: Vervuert-Iberoamericana. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Poletto, Cecilia. 2009. Double auxiliaries, anteriority and terminativity. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 12.11: 31–48. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Portner, Paul. 2011. Perfect and progressive. Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language Meaning, Vol. 11, ed. by Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger & Paul Portner, 1217–1261. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Available at [URL]
Prins, Maria Clazina. 2011. A Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects. Leiden: Leiden University dissertation. Available at [URL]
Pusch, Claus D. 2003. La grammaticalisation de l’aspectualité: les périphrases à valeur progressive en français [The grammaticalisation of aspect: the periphrases with progressive value in French]. Verbum 41: 495–508.Google Scholar
Pustet, Regina, Juliana Wijaya, & Than Than Win. 2006. Progressives in typological perspective. Languages in Contrast 6.21: 177–227. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rae, Megan. 2009. Ordering Restrictions of Modifiers in Complex Nominals. Venice: Ca’ Foscari University of Venice dissertation. Available at [URL]
Ramchand, Gillian, & Peter Svenonius. 2014. Deriving the functional hierarchy. Language Sciences 461: 152–174. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rastogi, Kavita. 2012. A Descriptive Grammar of Raji. Delhi: Aviram Prakashan.Google Scholar
Regmi, Dan Raj. 2012. Khwopa Newar: A Grammar Sketch. Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar
Rizzi, Luigi. 2016. Labeling, maximality, and the head – phrase distinction. The Linguistic Review 33.11: 103–127. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1969. Grammatica Storica della Lingua Italiana e dei Suoi Dialetti [ Historical Grammar of the Italian Language and of Its Dialects ], Vol. 31: Sintassi e Formazione delle Parole [ Syntax and Word Formation ]. Turin: Einaudi.Google Scholar
Ronan, Patricia. 2012. Development of periphrastic tense and aspect constructions in Irish and Welsh. Grammaticalization and Language Change: New Reflections, ed. by Kristin Davidse, Tine Breban, Lieselotte Brems & Tanja Mortelmans, 227–248. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ross, John Robert. 1967. Constraints on Variable in Syntax. Cambridge: The MIT dissertation.Google Scholar
Saussure, Louis de, & Bertrand Sthioul. 2012. The Surcomposé Past Tense. The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect, ed. by Robert I. Binnick, 586–610. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schapper, Antoinette. 2009. Bunaq: A Papuan Language of Central Timor. Canberra: The Australian National University dissertation.Google Scholar
Schrock, Terrill B. 2014. A Grammar of Ik (Icé-tód): Northeast Uganda’s Last Thriving Kuliak Language. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden dissertation. Available at [URL]
Schubert, Silke. 2002. “Are you wanting a cup of coffee?”: Overuse of the progressive aspect in Indian English. Konstanz: Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS). Available at [URL]
Sharma, D. D. 1982. Studies in Tibeto-Himalayan Linguistics: A Descriptive Analysis of Pattani (a dialect of Lahaul). Hoshiarpur: Panjab University.Google Scholar
Sigurðsson, Halldór Ármann. 2004. Meaningful silence, meaningless sounds. Linguistic Variation Yearbook 41: 235–259. Available at [URL]
Sigurðsson, Halldór Ármann, & Joan Maling. 2012. Silent heads. Functional Heads: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. 71, ed. by Laura Brugé, Anna Cardinaletti, Giuliana Giusti, Nicola Munaro & Cecilia Poletto, 368–378. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Carlota S. 1983. A theory of aspectual choice. Language 591: 479–501. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, Carlota S. 1997. The Parameter of Aspect. (2nd edition). Dordrecht: Kluwer. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
So-Hartmann, Helga. 2009. A Descriptive Grammar of Daai Chin. Berkeley: Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project. Available at [URL].Google Scholar
Soubrier, Aude. 2013. L’ikposso Uwi. Phonologie, Grammaire, Textes, Lexique [ Ikposo Uwi: Phonology, Grammar, Texts, Lexicon ]. Lyon: University Lumière Lyon 2 dissertation. Available at [URL]
Squartini, Mario. 1998. Verbal Periphrases in Romance: Aspect, Actionality, and Grammaticalization. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Srioutai, Jiranthara. 2005. The (non-)progressive in Thai. Cambridge Occasional Papers in Linguistics 21: 211–235. Available at [URL]
Ström, Eva-Marie. 2013. The Ndengeleko Language of Tanzania. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg dissertation. Available at [URL]
Svenonius, Peter. 2010. Spatial P in English. Mapping Spatial PPs: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. 61, ed. by Guglielmo Cinque & Luigi Rizzi, 127–160. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tamanji, Pius N. 2009. A Descriptive Grammar of Bafut. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.Google Scholar
Terzi, Arhonto. 2010. Locative prepositions and place. Mapping Spatial PPs: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. 61, ed. by Guglielmo Cinque & Luigi Rizzi, 196–224. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thurgood, Elzbieta. 1997. Bontok reduplication and prosodic templates. Oceanic Linguistics 36.11: 135–148. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Timberlake, Alan. 2007. Aspect, tense, mood. Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. 31, ed. by Timothy Shopen, 280–333. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tjia, Johnny. 2007. A Grammar of Mualang: An Ibanic Language of Western Kalimantan, Indonesia. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Todd, Terry Lynn. 1985. A Grammar of Dimili: Also Known as Zaza. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. Available at [URL]
Utsumi, Atsuko. 2013. The system of tense and aspect in the Bantik language. Tense, Aspect, Mood and Evidentiality in Languages of Indonesia. NUSA 551: 219–237, ed. by John Bowden. Available at [URL]
Vafaeian, Ghazaleh. 2012. Progressive constructions in Iranian languages. Proceedings of the Doctoral Festival 2012. Stockholm: Stockholm University.Google Scholar
van Klinken, Catharina Lumien. 1999. A Grammar of the Fehan Dialect of Tetun: An Austronesian Language of West Timor. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics (The Australian National University).Google Scholar
van Riemsdijk, Henk. 2002. The unbearable lightness of Going: The projection parameter as a pure parameter governing the distribution of elliptic motion verbs in Germanic. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 51: 143–196. Available at [URL]
van Riemsdijk, Henk. 2003. Some thoughts on specified ellipsis. Grammar in Focus: Festschrift for Christer Platzack 18 November 2003 Vol. II, ed. by L.-O. Delsing, C. Falk, G. Josefsson & H. Á. Sigurðsson, 257–263. Lund: Wallin & Dalholm.Google Scholar
van Riemsdijk, Henk. 2005. Silent nouns and the spurious indefinite article in Dutch. Grammar and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Lars Hellan, ed. by Mila Vulchanova & Tor A. Åfarli, 163–178. Oslo: Novus Press.Google Scholar
van Riemsdijk, Henk. 2012. The absent, the silent, and the audible: some thoughts on the morphology of silent verbs. Of Grammar, Words, and Verses: In Honor of Carlos Piera, ed. by Esther Torrego, 19–39. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Available at [URL] doi:  DOI logo
Vander Klok, Jozina. 2012. Tense, Aspect, and Modal Markers in Paciran Javanese. Montréal: McGill University dissertation. Available at [URL]
Vander Klok, Jozina, & Rose-Marie Déchaine. 2014. Stative versus Eventive Predicates and vP-internal Structure. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 401: 545–569. Available at [URL]
Velupillai, Viveka. 2012. An Introduction to Linguistic Typology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vendler, Zeno. 1957. Verbs and Times. The Philosophical Review 66.21: 143–160. Available at [URL]
Vennemann, Theo. 1973. Explanation in syntax. Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 21, ed. by John P. Kimball, 1–50. New York: Seminar Press.Google Scholar
Vinet, Marie-Thérèse. 1998. ‘Tu pas’: aspect et temps [‘You not’: aspect and tense]. Langues et Grammaire Vol.3: Syntaxe [Languages and Grammar Vol.3: Syntax], ed. by Patrick Sauzet, 181–195. Saint-Denis: Université de Paris VIII.Google Scholar
Watters, James Kenneth. 1988. Topics in Tepehua Grammar. Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley dissertation. Available at [URL]
Williams, Adina. 2016. Modificational and predicate adjunct uses of the Mandarin locative preposition zài . Paper presented at ConSOLE XXIV, January 6–8, 2016. York: University of York & York St John University Available at [URL]
Williams, Edwin. 2003. Representation Theory. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Winford, Donald. 2012. Creole Languages. The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect, ed. by Robert I. Binnick, 428–457. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yanti. 2013. Tense and auxiliaries in Jambi Malay. Tense, Aspect, Mood and Evidentiality in Languages of Indonesia. NUSA 551: 239–257. Available at [URL]
Zeitoun, Elizabeth, Lillian M. Huang, Marie M. Yeh, Anna H. Chang, & Joy J. Wu. 1996. The temporal/aspectual and modal systems of the Formosan languages: a typological perspective. Oceanic Linguistics 35.11: 21–56. doi:  DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zobel, Erik. 2005. Buol. The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar, ed. by Alexander Adelaar & Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, 625–648. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cited by (9)

Cited by nine other publications

Bergamini‐Perez, João Francisco & Aquiles Tescari Neto
2024. ON DURATIVE AND DETELICISATION READINGS ASSOCIATED WITH POR X TEMPO ‘FOR X TIME’ IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE: ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF SYNTACTIC CARTOGRAPHY†. Studia Linguistica DOI logo
Jędrzejowski, Łukasz & Constanze Fleczoreck
2023. Outline of the volume. In Micro- and Macro-variation of Causal Clauses [Studies in Language Companion Series, 231], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Kang, Soon Haeng
2022. Study on the Korean Genitive Syntagma. Annali di Ca’ Foscari. Serie orientale :1 DOI logo
Manzini, Maria Rita & Paolo Lorusso
2022. A bisentential syntax for a/bare finite complements in South Italian varieties. In Pseudo-Coordination and Multiple Agreement Constructions [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 274], ► pp. 65 ff. DOI logo
Tescari Neto, Aquiles
2022. “Adverbs and functional heads” twenty years later: cartographic methodology, verb raising and macro/micro-variation. The Linguistic Review 39:2 ► pp. 293 ff. DOI logo
Jędrzejowski, Łukasz
2021. On the habitual verbpflegenin German: Its use, origin, and development. Linguistics 59:6 ► pp. 1473 ff. DOI logo
Sheehan, Michelle
2021. Parameters and Linguistic Variation. In A Companion to Chomsky, ► pp. 172 ff. DOI logo
Lorusso, Paolo
2019. A person split analysis of the progressive forms in some southern Italian varieties. In Italian Dialectology at the Interfaces [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 251], ► pp. 203 ff. DOI logo
Ledgeway, Adam, Norma Schifano & Giuseppina Silvestri
2018. The Expression Of Progressive Aspect In Grico: Mapping Morphosyntactic Isoglosses In An Endangered Italo‐Greek Variety. Transactions of the Philological Society 116:2 ► pp. 179 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 december 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.