The current study adopts a variational pragmatic approach to compare the dialogic sequence of the directive speech act of request
and its reaction of consent versus refusal in Egyptian and Saudi Arabic. To this end, 413 Egyptian and Saudi undergraduate
students completed a Discourse Completion Task (DCT). Data analysis indicated more differences between Egyptian and Saudi Arabic
in request consent strategies than refusal strategies. Among the noted differences in consent strategies were Egyptians’ stronger
preference for direct strategies and elaborate responses than Saudis who displayed more varied combination patterns and exhibited
stronger gender differences. In refusal strategies, however, a general similarity between Egyptians and Saudis was obvious at the
level of strategies, combination patterns and the influence of social factors.
Alateeq, Eshaq H.2016. Refusal Strategies in Saudi Arabian Social Settings. Master’s thesis at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA.
Alfalig, Hanady A.2016. Invitation in Saudi Arabic: A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis. Doctoral thesis at Ball State University, USA.
Alhaidari, Abdulrahman A.2009. The Art of Saying “No”: A Cross-Culture Pragmatic Comparison of Saudi and Australian Refusal Appropriateness Applied in Academic Settings. Master’s thesis at University of Adelaide, Australia. Retrieved from: [URL]
Al-Khatib, Mahmoud A.2006. “The Pragmatics of Invitation Making and Acceptance in Jordanian Society.” Journal of Language and Linguistics 5(2): 272–294.
Al Qahtani, Abeer N.2015. Favor Asking in Saudi Arabic. Master’s thesis at Oklahoma State University, USA. Retrieved from: [URL]
AlRefai, Einas H.2012. Favor Asking in Kuwaiti Arabic: Effects of Power and Distance on Core Strategies and Modification. Doctoral thesis at Oklahoma State University, USA. Retrieved from: [URL]
Al-Shboul, Yasser and Ibrahim F. Huwari. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Jordanian Arabic and American English Refusal Strategies.” British Journal of English Linguistics 4(3): 50–62.
Al-Shboul, Yasser and Marlyna Maros. 2013. “Condolences Strategies by Jordanians to an Obituary Status Update on Facebook.” GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 13(3): 151–162.
Al-Shorman, Ra’ed A.2016. “Saudi and Jordanian Undergraduates’ Complaining Strategies: A Comparative Intralanguage Educational Linguistic Study.” Arab World English Journal 7(1): 203–228.
Ariff, Tun Nur A. Z. and Ahmad I. Mugableh. 2013. “Speech Act of Promising among Jordanians.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3(13): 248–266.
Banikalef, Ala’Eddin A. A., Marlyna Maros, Ashinida Aladdin, and Mouad Al-natour. 2015. Apology Strategies in Jordanian Arabic. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 15(2): 83–99.
Barron, Anne. 2006. “Requesting in Irish English and English English: A study of Intra-lingual Regional Pragmatic Variation.” LAUD Papers. Paper no. 684. Retrieved from: [URL].
Beebe, Leslie M. and Martha C. Cummings. 1996. “Natural Speech Act Data versus Written Questionnaire Data: How Data Collection Method Affects Speech Act Performance.” In Speech Acts across Cultures: Challenges to Communication in a Second Language, ed. by Susan Gass and Joyce Neu, 65–86. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Beebe, Leslie M., Tomoko Takahashi, and Robin Uliss-Weltz. 1990. “Pragmatic Transfer in ESL Refusals.” In Developing Communicative Competence in a Second Language, ed. by Robin C. Scarcella, Elaine S. Anderson, and Stephen D. Krashen, 55–73. New York: Newbury House.
Binasfour, Hajar S.2014. Apology Strategies: A Comparison of Saudi English Learners and Native Speakers of American English. Master’s thesis at South Illinois University of Carbonale, USA.
Brown, Penelope and Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
El-Dakhs, Dina A. S.. 2017. “The Compliment Response Strategies of Egyptian Arabic-English Bilinguals.” Language and Dialogue 7(3): 388–413.
El-Dakhs, Dina A. S. (in press). “Investigating the Apology Strategies of Saudi Learners of English: Foreign Language Learning in Focus.” Pragmatics and Society.
Farenkia, Bernard M.2011. “Speech Acts and Regional Pragmatic Variations in French: The Case of Compliments on Skills in Cameroon and Canadian French.” Speech and Context 2(3): 182–200.
Farenkia, Bernard M.2013. “All Thanks Goes to the Almighty. A Variational and Post-Colonial Pragmatic Perspective on Responses to Thanks.” Sino-US English Teaching 10(9): 707–724.
Farenkia, Bernard M.2015. “Invitation Refusals in Cameroon French and Hexagonal French.” Multilingua 34(4): 577–603.
Félix-Brasdefer, J. César. 2006. “Linguistic Politeness in Mexico: Refusal Strategies among Male Speakers of Mexican Spanish.” Journal of Pragmatics 38(12): 2158–2187.
Félix-Brasdefer, J. César. 2010. “Intralingual Pragmatic Variation in Mexico City and San José, Costa Rica: A focus on Regional Differences in Female Requests.” Journal of Pragmatics 42(11): 2992–3011.
Grein, Marion. 2017. “How Culture Affects Language and Dialogue.” In The Routledge Handbook of Language and Dialogue, ed. by Edda Weigand, 347–366. New York: Routledge.
Hall, Edward T.1976. Beyond Culture. New York, USA: Anchor Brooks/Doubleday.
Han, Saem. 2013. The Refusal Speech Acts of Two Generations of Korean Women: Mother-in-Law and Daughter-in-Law in Interaction. Doctoral thesis at Louisiana State University, USA. Retrieved from: [URL]
Hofstede, Geert H.2001. Culture’s Consequence: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, And Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Hussein, Riyad F. and Mamoun T. Hammouri. 1998. “Strategies of Apology in Jordanian Arabic and American English.” Grazer Linguistiche Studien 491: 37–51.
Ibrahim, Sameh K. M.2012. Invitations and Invitation Responses in Egyptian Arabic and American English: A Cross-Cultural, Cross-Linguistic Study. Master’s thesis at Cairo University, Egypt. Retrieved from: [URL]
Morkus, Nader. 2014. “Refusals in Egyptian Arabic and American English.” Journal of Pragmatics 701: 86–107.
Morsi, Rehab. 2010. The Speech Act of Thanking in Egyptian Arabic. Master’s thesis research paper at Ball State University, USA. Retrieved from: [URL]
Ren, Wei. 2015. “Sociopragmatic Variation in Mainland and Taiwan Chinese Refusals.” In Researching Sociopragmatic Variability, ed. by Kate Beeching and Helen Woodfield, 72–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sarfo, Emmanuel. 2011. “Variations in Ways of Refusing Requests in English among Members of a College Community in Ghana.” African Nebula 31: 1–15.
Schneider, Klaus P.2010. “Variational Pragmatics.” In Variation and Change: Pragmatic Perspectives, ed. by Mirjan Fried, Jan-Ola Östman and Jef Verschueren, 239–268. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Srichampa, Sophana. 2005. “Comparison of Greetings in the Vietnamese Dialects of Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City.” The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal 351: 83–99.
Stapleton, Laura E.2004. Variation in the Performance of Speech Acts in Peninsular Spanish: Apologies ad requests. Doctoral thesis at the Louisiana State University, USA. Retrieved from: [URL]
2021. A variational pragmatic analysis of the speech act of complaint focusing on Alexandrian and Najdi Arabic. Journal of Pragmatics 181 ► pp. 120 ff.
2024. The realization of the speech act of suggestion in Alexandrian and Najdi Arabic: a variational pragmatic study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11:1
El-Dakhs, Dina Abdel Salam, Fatima Ambreen, Maria Zaheer & Yulia Gusarova
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 december 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.