One of the most decisive factors influencing the learning of a second language (L2/FL) seems to be learner motivation. Studies into motivation and L2/FL learning abound, but studies specifically targeting the role of language learning motivation in CLIL are scarce. This chapter will further illuminate this relationship. The chapter accounts for the theoretical underpinnings of motivation research, primarily in the form of the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS; Dörnyei 2005, 2009), but also integrative and instrumental motivation (Gardner & Lambert 1959). Further, an overview of existing studies on motivation and CLIL is presented. The chapter ends with a discussion on the pedagogical implications of previous research and how to move forward with CLIL, language learning and motivation.
Article outline
Introduction
Theoretical perspectives on motivation and language learning
Motivation in CLIL and L2/FL classrooms
Studies on CLIL/immersion and motivation
Interpreting research on motivation in CLIL: The CLISS project
Abendroth-Timmer, D. (2007). Akzeptanz und Motivation: Empirische Ansätze zur Erforschung des Einsatzes von bilingualen und mehrsprachigen Modulen. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Aseskog, T. (1982). Att undervisa el-lära på engelska [Teaching electrical engineering in English]. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.
Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in communication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50(2), 311–341.
Banegas, D. L. (2013). The integration of content and language as a driving force in the EFS lesson. In E. Ushioda (Ed.), International perspectives on motivation. Language learning and professional challenges (pp. 82–97). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Blumenfeld, P., Fishman, B.J., Krajcik, J., Marx, R.W., & Soloway, E. (2000). Creating usable innovations in systematic reform: Scaling up technology-embedded project-based science in urban schools. Educational Psychologist, 35(3), 149–164.
Cenoz, J. (2001). Three languages in contact: Language attitudes in the Basque Country. In D. Lasagabaster, & J.M. Sierra (Eds.), Language awareness in the foreign language classroom. Zarauz: University of the Basque Country.
Cenoz, J., Genesee, F., & Gorter, D. (2014). Critical analysis of CLIL: Taking stock and looking forward. Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 243–262.
Coyle, D. (2007). Content and language integrated learning: Towards a connected research agenda for CLIL pedagogies. The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 543–562.
Crookes, G., & Schmidt, R. (1991). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. Language Learning, 41(4), 469–512.
Csizér Eötvös, K., & Dörnyei, Z. (2005). Language learners’ motivational profiles and their motivated learning behavior. Language Learning, 55(4), 613–659.
Dalton-Puffer, C. (2011). Content-and-Language Integrated Learning: From practice to principles?Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31(1), 182–204.
Davies, J., & Brember, I. (2001). The closing gap in attitudes between boys and girls: A five year longitudinal study. Educational Psychology, 21, 103–115.
Dörnyei, Z. (2002). The motivational basis of language learning tasks. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual differences and instructed language learning (pp. 137–158). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P. D., & Henry, A. (Eds.). (2014). Motivational dynamics in language learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2014). CLIL and motivation: The effect of individual and contextual variables. The Language Learning Journal, 42(2), 209–224.
Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow: Longman.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei, & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 9–42). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
European Commission (2012). EU high level group of experts on literacy. Luxembourg: European Union.
García, O. (2009). Bilingual education in the 21st century. A global perspective. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1959). Motivational variables in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13(4), 266–272.
Gardner, R. C., Smythe, P. C., Clément, R., & Gliksman, L. (1976). Second language acquisition: A social psychological perspective. Canadian Modern Language Review, 32, 198–213.
Gass, S., & Selinker, L. (2008). Second Language Acquisition (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Gee, J. P. (2007). Good video games + good learning: Collected essays on video games, learning and literacy. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Genesee, F. (1978). Second language learning and language attitudes. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 16, 19–42.
Graddol, D. (2006). English next. London: The British Council.
Heining-Boynton, A.L., & Haitema, T. (2007). A ten-year chronicle of student attitudes toward foreign language in the elementary school. The Modern Language Journal, 91(2), 149–168.
Henry, A. (2014). Studies on motivation in foreign language classrooms. In D. Lasagabaster, A. Doiz, & J.M. Sierra (Eds.), Motivation and foreign language learning (pp. 93–116). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kelly, G. (1969). 25 centuries of language teaching. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Kissau, S.P., Kolano, L.Q., & Wang, C. (2010). Perceptions of gender differences in high school students’ motivation to learn Spanish. Foreign Language Annals, 43(4), 703–721.
Lambert, W. E., & Tucker, G. R. (1972). Bilingual education of children: The St. Lambert experiment. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J.M. (2009). Language attitudes in CLIL and traditional EFL classes. International CLIL Research Journal, 1(2), 3–17.
Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2013). How languages are learned (4th ed.). Oxford: OUP.
Lim Falk, M. (2008). Svenska i engelskspråkig skolmiljö: ämnesrelaterat språkbruk i två gymnasieklasser. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stockholm University.
MacIntyre, P. D. (2002). Motivation, anxiety and emotion in second language acquisition. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual differences in second language acquisition (pp. 45–68). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
MacIntyre, P. D. (2007). Willingness to communicate in the second language: Understanding the decision to speak as a volitional process. Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 564–576.
MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., Clément, R., & Donovan, L. A. (2003). Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learning, 53(S1), 137–166.
Markus, H. R., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954–969.
Marsh, D. (2000). Using languages to learn and learning to use languages. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.
Nation, P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: CUP.
Nikula, T. (2005). English as an object and tool of study in classrooms: Interactional effects and pragmatic implications. Linguistics and Education, 16(1), 27–58.
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in Education. Theory, Research, and Applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
Reierstam, H. (2015). Assessing content or language? Unpublished MA thesis, University of Gothenburg.
Ryan, S. (2009). Self and identity in L2 motivation in Japan: The ideal L2 self and Japanese learners of English. In Z. Dörnyei, & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self (pp. 120–143). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Singer, J., Marx, R. W., Krajcik, J., & Chambers, J. C. (2000). Constructing extended inquiry projects: Curriculum materials for science education reform. Educational Psychologist, 35(3), 165–178.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (1982). Evaluating bilingual education: A Canadian case study. Clevedon: Multicultural Matters.
Sylvén, L. K. (2006). How is extramural exposure to English among Swedish school students used in the CLIL classroom?VIEWS Vienna English Working Papers, 15(3), 47–53.
Sylvén, L. K. (2015). CLIL and non-CLIL students’ beliefs about language. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 5(2), 251–272.
Sylvén, L. K., & Ohlander, S. (2014). The CLISS project: Receptive Vocabulary Proficiency in CLIL and non-CLIL groups. Moderna Språk, 108(2), 81–119.
Sylvén, L.K., & Sundqvist, P. (2012). Gaming as extramural English L2 learning and L2 proficiency among young learners. ReCALL, 24(3), 302–321.
Ushioda, E. (2003). Motivation as a socially mediated process. In D. Little, J. Ridley, & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Learner autonomy in the foreigh language classroom: Teacher, learner, curriculum assessment (pp. 90–102). Dublin: Authentik.
Ushioda, E. (2009). A person-in-context relational view of emergent motivation, self and identity. In Z. Dörnyei, & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 215–228). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Ushioda, E. (2013). Motivation and ELT: Global issues and local concerns. In E. Ushioda (Ed.), International perspectives on motivation. Language learning and professional challenges (pp. 1–17). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ushioda, E. (2014a, May). Human motivation and language learning: Matters of difference? Paper presented at Matters of the Mind: Psychology in Language Learning. Graz, Austria.
Ushioda, E. (2014b). Motivation, autonomy and metacognition: exploring their interactions. In D. Lasagabaster, A. Doiz, & J.M. Sierra (Eds.), Motivation and foreign language learning (pp. 31–49). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Wesely, P. M. (2009). The language learning motivation of early adolescent French immersion graduates. Foreign Language Annals, 42(2), 270–286.
Yoxsimer Paulsrud, B. (2014). English-medium instruction in Sweden. Perspectives and practices in two upper secondary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stockholm University.
Cited by (14)
Cited by 14 other publications
Dinham, Judith
2024. The Arts as the content-subject for content and language integrated learning (CLIL): how the signature pedagogies of arts education align to CLIL aims. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching 18:4 ► pp. 352 ff.
Iwaniec, Janina & Ana Halbach
2024. Teachers’ views on their methodology and their profiles: in search of the possible reasons for the levelling effect of CLIL. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 45:4 ► pp. 1112 ff.
Yamaoka, Kanako
2024. Influence of CLIL with MOOCs on Japanese EFL students' L2 willingness to communicate and international posture. TESOL Journal
Bakti, Mária
2023. Motiváció és identitás az angol mint idegen nyev tanulásában angol-magyar két tanítási nyelvű általános iskolai tanulók körében . Közösségi Kapcsolódások - tanulmányok kultúráról és oktatásról 3 ► pp. 139 ff.
Iwaniec, Janina & Weihong Wang
2023. Motivations to enrol in EMI programmes in China: an exploratory study. Applied Linguistics Review 14:6 ► pp. 1563 ff.
Halbach, Ana & Janina Iwaniec
2022. Responsible, competent and with a sense of belonging: an explanation for the purported levelling effect of CLIL. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 25:5 ► pp. 1609 ff.
MAVİLİ, Selin & Günizi KARTAL
2022. Technology Integration Designed to Scaffold 5th Graders in Task-Based Language Teaching. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 18:3 ► pp. 301 ff.
Huertas-Abril, Cristina A. & Aigerim Shashken
2021. Exploring the Potential of CLIL in Kazakhstan: A Qualitative Study. Revista Complutense de Educación 32:2 ► pp. 261 ff.
Martínez Agudo, Juan de Dios
2021. To what extent do affective variables correlate with content learning achievement in CLIL programmes?. Language and Education 35:3 ► pp. 226 ff.
Pinner, Richard
2021. Authenticity and Motivation in CLIL: Creating a Meaningful Purpose by Experiencing the Language in Use. In International Perspectives on CLIL [International Perspectives on English Language Teaching, ], ► pp. 23 ff.
Somers, Thomas & Ana Llinares
2021. Students’ motivation for content and language integrated learning and the role of programme intensity. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 24:6 ► pp. 839 ff.
Halbach, Ana
2018. A literacy approach to language teaching: a proposal for FL teaching in CLIL contexts. Pulso. Revista de educación :41 ► pp. 205 ff.
Nashaat Sobhy, Nashwa
2018. Pragmatics in CLIL. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 31:2 ► pp. 467 ff.
Reitbauer, Margit, Ulla Fürstenberg, Petra Kletzenbauer & Karoline Marko
2018. Towards a Cognitive-Linguistic Turn in CLIL: Unfolding Integration. Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated Learning 11:1 ► pp. 87 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.