Cover not available
Article published In:
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
Vol. 41:2 (2018) ► pp.294–330

Stem alternations in the Brag-bar dialect of Situ Rgyalrong

| INALCO-CRLAO
In Rgyalrongic studies, it is believed that the most complex stem alternation system is found in Zbu, a Northern Rgyalrong language, whereas other languages, including Situ, have simpler systems. However, as a dialect of Situ Rgyalrong, Brag-bar presents a complex stem alternation system exhibiting several opaque features in comparison with other Situ dialects. This paper documents the stem alternations in the Brag-bar dialect of Situ Rgyalrong. It first describes the distribution and stem formation devices of different verb stems in Brag-bar, then explains the occurrence of the irregular stem I′/II′ in Brag-bar and investigates their synchronic status.
Keywords: Brag-bar, stem alternation, stem I′, stem II′, vowel alternation
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Stem alternations in Rgyalrong languages
    • 2.1Stem I and stem II in Rgyalrong languages
    • 2.2Stem III in Northern Rgyalrong languages
    • 2.3Stem 3 in the Kyom-kyo dialect of Situ Rgyalrong
  • 3.Overview of Brag-bar Situ phonology and verbal morphology
    • 3.1Brag-bar segmental and tonal phonology
    • 3.2Brag-bar verbal morphology
  • 4.Person indexation and stem modifications
    • 4.1Person indexation in Brag-bar
      • 4.1.1Intransitive person marking in open syllabe ending verbs
      • 4.1.2Transitive person marking in open syllabe ending verbs
      • 4.1.3Person indexation in closed syllable ending verbs
    • 4.2Influence of the 3sg→3 suffix -u
  • 5.Stem alternations in Brag-bar
    • 5.1Class A: Two-stem verbs
    • 5.2Class B: Three-stem verbs distinguishing stem I′
    • 5.3Class C: Three-stem verbs distinguishing stem II′
    • 5.4Class D: Four-stem verbs
  • 6.Stem distribution
    • 6.1The distribution of stem I and stem II
    • 6.2The distribution of stem I′
      • 6.2.1Stop ending verbs
      • 6.2.2Intransitive open syllable verbs
      • 6.2.3Transitive open syllable verbs
    • 6.3The distribution of stem II′
      • 6.3.1Intransitive open syllable verbs
      • 6.3.2Transitive open syllable verbs
  • 7.Stem formation processes
    • 7.1Tonal alternation
    • 7.2Vowel alternations
      • 7.2.1Vowel alternations of verbs in Class B
      • 7.2.2Vowel alternations of verbs in Class C
      • 7.2.3Vowel alternations in stem II formation
    • 7.3Marginal devices
      • 7.3.1Consonantal alternation
      • 7.3.2Suppletion
  • 8.Correlation between syllable structure and stem alternations in Brag-bar
    • 8.1Person indexation and stem I′/II′
    • 8.2Syllable structure and stem I′/II′
      • 8.2.1Open syllable verbs
      • 8.2.2Stop ending verbs
    • 8.3Status of stem I′/II′
    • 8.4The verbal paradigm of Brag-bar’s synchrony
  • 9.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
Published online: 1 February 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ltba.18009.zha
References (30)
References
Coblin, Weldon South. 1976. Notes on Tibetan verbal morphology. T’oung Pao 621: 45–70. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Creissel, Denis. 1994. Aperçu sur les structures phonologiques des langues négro-africaines. Grenoble: ELLUG.Google Scholar
DeLancey, Scott. 1981. The category of direction in Tibeto-Burman. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 6(1): 83–102.Google Scholar
Gong, Xun. 2014. The personal agreement system of Zbu Rgyalrong (Ngyaltsu variety). Transactional of the Philological Society 112(1): 44–60. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harbert, Wayne. 2007. The Germanic Languages. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jacques, Guillaume. 2010. The inverse in Japhug Rgyalrong. Language and Linguistics 11(1): 127–157.Google Scholar
. Manuscript. Evidentiality in Japhug.
Jacques, Guillaume and Anton Antonov. 2014. Direct/inverse systems. Language and Linguistics Compass 8(7): 187–217. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jacques, Guillaume 向柏霖 2008. Jiarongyu yanjiu 嘉绒语研究 [Research on the Rgyalrong Language]. Beijing: Nationalities Press.Google Scholar
Lai, Yunfan. 2015. The person agreement system of Wobzi Lavrung. Transactions of the Philological Society 113(3): 271–285. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Li, Fang-kuei. 1933. Certain phonetic influences of the Tibetan prefixes upon the root initials. Bulletin of the National Research Institute of History and Philology 4(2): 135–157.Google Scholar
Lin, Xiangrong 林向荣 1993. Jiarongyu yanjiu 嘉戎语研究 [A Study of the Rgyalrong Language]. Chengdu: Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe 四 川 民 族 出 版社 [Sichuan Nationality Publishing House].Google Scholar
Lin, Youjing. 2002. A dimension missed: East and west in Situ rGyalrong orientation marking. Language and Linguistics 3(1): 27–42.Google Scholar
. 2003. Tense and aspect morphology in the Zhuokeji rGyalrong verb. Cahiers de Linguistique – Asie Orientale 32(2): 245–286. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. By no means marginal: Privative tone in Zhuokeji Rgyalrong. Language and Linguistics 13(4): 621–662.Google Scholar
Lin, Youjing and Luo’erwu. 2003. Chabao Jiarongyu Dazanghua de quxiang qianzhui ji dongci cigan bianhua 茶堡嘉戎语大藏话的趋向前缀及动词词干变化 [Directional prefixes and stem alternations in the Datshang dialect of Japhug]. Minzu Yuwen 民 族 语 文 41: 19–29.Google Scholar
Lin, Youjing 林幼菁 2016. Jiarongyu Zhuokejihua Yufa Biaozhu wenben 嘉戎语卓克基话语法标注文本 [Glossing texts of the Zhuokeji Rgyalrong]. Shehui Kexue Wenjian Chubanshe 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Siences Academic Press].Google Scholar
Prins, Marielle. 2016. A grammar of rGyalrong Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) dialects. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden.Google Scholar
Sun, Jackson T.-S. 1994a. Caodeng rGyalrong phonology: A first look. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 17(2): 29–42.Google Scholar
1994b. Evidentials in Amdo Tibetan. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology 63(4): 143–188.Google Scholar
1998. Nominal morphology in Caodeng rGyalrong. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology 69(1): 103–149.Google Scholar
2000. Parallelism in verb morphology of Sidaba Rgyalrong and Lavrung in Rgyarongic. Language and Linguistics 1(1): 161–190.Google Scholar
2004. Verb-stem variations in Showu rGyalrong. In Lin, Ying-jin, Fang-min Hsu, Chun-chih Lee, Jackson T.-S. Sun, Hsiu-fang Yang, and Dah-an Ho (eds.), Studies on Sino-Tibetan Languages; Papers in Honor of Professor Hwang-Cherng Gong on His Seventieth Birthday, 269–296 Taipei. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
2007. The irrealis caregory in rGyalrong. Language and Linguistics 8(3): 797–819.Google Scholar
2015. Heishui Xian Shashiduo Jiarongyu dongci rencheng fanchou de tedian 黑水县沙石多嘉戎语动词人称范畴的特点 [Remarkable features in the verb agreement system of Sastod Rgyalrong in Khrochu County]. Language and Linguistics 16(5): 731–750.Google Scholar
and Shidanluo 2002. Caodeng Jiarongyu yu “rentong dengdi” xiangguan xianxiang 草登嘉戎语与“认同等第”相关现象 [empathy hierarchy in Caodeng rGyalrong grammar]. Language and Linguistics 3(1): 79–99.Google Scholar
Tournadre, Nicolas. 2008. Arguments against the concept of ‘Conjunct’/‘Disjunct’ in Tibetan. In Huber, B., M. Volkart, P. Widmer, and P. Schwieger (eds.), Chomolangma, Demawend und Kasbek, Festschrift für Roland Bielmeier zu seinem 65. Gerburtstag, Vol. I1, 281–308. Halle: International Institut for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies.Google Scholar
Tournadre, Nicolas and Randy J. LaPolla. 2014. Towards a new approach to evidentiality. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 37(2): 240–262. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Shuya. 2016. La morphologie et la phonologie du dialecte de Bragdbar du rgyalrong situ. Master’s thesis Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yisun 张 怡 荪 (ed.) 1993. Zang han da ci dian 藏 汉 大 辞 典 [Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary] Vol. 11. Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社 [Publishing House of Minority Nationalities] second edition.Google Scholar
Cited by (6)

Cited by six other publications

Jacques, Guillaume & Aimée Lahaussois
2023. Elevational deixis in the Kiranti verb. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 46:1 ► pp. 6 ff. DOI logo
Chappell, Hilary & Shanshan Lü
2022. A semantic typology of location, existence, possession and copular verbs: areal patterns of polysemy in Mainland East and Southeast Asia. Linguistics 60:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Zhang, Shuya
2022. Rethinking the *-s suffix in Old Chinese: with new evidence from Situ Rgyalrong. Folia Linguistica 56:s43-s1 ► pp. 129 ff. DOI logo
Lai, Yunfan
2021. The complexity and history of verb-stem ablauting patterns in Siyuewu Khroskyabs. Folia Linguistica 55:1 ► pp. 75 ff. DOI logo
Lai, Yunfan
2021. The complexity and history of verb-stem ablauting patterns in Siyuewu Khroskyabs. Folia Linguistica 55:1 ► pp. 75 ff. DOI logo
Shuya, Zhang & Fan Jingming
2020. Brag-bar kinship system in synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 83:3 ► pp. 479 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.