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Fixed Expressions: Building language structure and social action
Edited by Ritva Laury and Tsuyoshi Ono
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 315] 2020
► pp. 133–166

Chapter 6
When an expression becomes fixed

mä ajattelin että ‘I thought that’ in spoken Finnish

| University of Helsinki
| University of Turku
| University of Turku
This chapter concerns the first person past tense form of the verb ajatella ‘to think’ as a semi-fixed expression in spoken Finnish. We examine this expression in present-day conversation and in older dialect interviews, focusing on its interactional functions, the types of complements it takes, and its patterns of morphosyntactic fixedness and morphophonetic erosion in our two datasets. We show that the verb ajatella is most frequently used in its first person past tense form, mä ajattelin että [1sg + think-pst-1sg + comp] ‘I thought that’, and as has been shown for ‘think’ verbs in many other languages, it is commonly used to frame stance expressions, but another frequent use in our Finnish data is in prefacing the speaker’s expression of her own plans as well as proposals of joint action. Most commonly, mä ajattelin että is followed by clausal complements in our older data, while the complements are more diverse in the newer data, and the expression can also occur without any complements. We also show that while mä ajattelin että ‘I thought that’ occurs in our data in drastically reduced form and shows signs of morphosyntactic fixedness especially in the newer data, it cannot yet be said to have become an epistemic particle.
Keywords: ‘think’ verbs, semi-fixed expression, spoken Finnish, stance expression, planning, proposal for joint action, complementation, phonetic reduction, past tense, first person
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Data and methodology
  • 3.Background
  • 4.Interactional functions of mä ajattelin että
    • 4.1 Planning and proposing function
    • 4.2Expression of stance
    • 4.3Expression of speaker’s own thoughts
    • 4.4Interim summary
  • 5.Complementation
  • 6.Fixedness
    • 6.1Erosion
    • 6.2 Comparison of fixedness with a consensus analysis
  • 7.Conclusions
  • Notes
  • Acknowledgements
  • Data sources
  • References
  • Appendix
Published online: 10 December 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.315.06lau
References (57)
Data sources
Arkisyn. 2018. A morphosyntactically coded database of conversational Finnish. Database compiled at the University of Turku, with material from the Conversation Analysis Archive at the University of Helsinki and the Syntax Archives at the University of Turku. Department of Finnish and Finno-Ugric Languages, University of Turku.Google Scholar
LaX. 2018. Corpus of Finnish dialects. Syntax Archives, Department of Finnish and Finno-Ugric Languages, University of Turku.Google Scholar
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