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Article published In:
Emotion, Body and Mind across a Continent: Figurative representations of emotions in Australian Aboriginal languages
Edited by Maïa Ponsonnet, Dorothea Hoffmann and Isabel O'Keeffe
[Pragmatics & Cognition 27:1] 2020
► pp. 209–239

The body and the verb

Emotion in Gija

| Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring
| University of Sydney
This paper explores the figurative expression of emotion in Gija, a non-Pama-Nyungan language from the East Kimberley in Western Australia. As in many Australian languages, Gija displays a large number of metaphors of emotion where miscellaneous body parts – frequently, the belly – contribute to the figurative representation of emotions. In addition, in Gija certain verbal constructions describe the experience of emotion via metaphors of physical impact or damage. This second profile of metaphors is far less widespread, in Australia and elsewhere in the world, and has also attracted far fewer descriptions. This article explores both types of metaphors in turn. Body-based metaphors will be discussed first, and we will highlight the specificity of Gija in this respect, so as to offer data that can be compared to other languages, in Australia and elsewhere. The second part of the article will present verbal metaphors. Given that this phenomenon is not yet very well undersood, this account aims to take a first step into documenting a previously unexplored domain in the language thereby contributing to the broader typology that this issue forms a part of. Throughout the text, we also endeavour to connect the discussion of metaphors with local representations and understanding of emotions.
Keywords: Gija, typology, emotions, mental health, Aboriginal education
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Context and data
    • 2.1Gija
    • 2.2Cultural representations of emotion and mental health education
    • 2.3Data
  • 3.Emotions and the body in Gija
    • 3.1Apposition
    • 3.2Locatives
    • 3.3Instrumental
  • 4.Emotion nouns related to the body
    • 4.1 Liyan, Liyanbe – A cultural key word
    • 4.2 Nganyjoom, jirlwam ‘feelings, nerves, sinews’
  • 5.Body parts and premonition – ‘Jump-Jump’
  • 6.Emotions and verbal structure in Gija
    • 6.1Verbal structure
    • 6.2Coverbs of emotion with SAY/DO and individual ‘states of being’
      • 6.2.1Emotion coverbs with SAY/DO with enclitic pronouns
      • 6.2.2Middle verbs and intensification
    • 6.3Coverb/transitive verb combinations and metaphors of impact
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
Published online: 22 September 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00015.kof
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Cited by one other publication

Yacopetti, Eleanor & Maïa Ponsonnet
2024. A semantic typology of emotion nouns in Australian Indigenous languages. Australian Journal of Linguistics 44:1 ► pp. 29 ff. DOI logo

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