The concept of complimenting in light of the Moore language in Burkina Faso
This paper sheds light on the concept of complimenting, based on its practice in the Moore language spoken in Burkina Faso, West Africa. It revisits Holmes’ (1986) definition of “compliments” and proposes a model which gives new insight into the concept of complimenting behaviour across languages and cultures. The proposed model may have implications for our understanding of politeness strategies as proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), particularly with the urge to integrate third person in the model, as a close examination of data from Moore would suggest. The data analyzed were collected in naturally occurring discourse.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Methodology
- 3.What is complimenting?
- 4.Some terminological issues
- 5.Implicit compliments in Moore
- 6.Implications for politeness strategy
- 7.Complimenting as one leg of the deontic evaluation tripod
-
References
References
Agyekum, Kofi
2010 “
The Ethnopragmatics of Akan Compliments.”
Legon Journal of the Humanities 211: 13–38.
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson
1987 Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Bruti, Silvia
2006 “
Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Translation of Implicit Compliments in Subtitles”.
The Journal of Specialised Translation 61: 185–197.
Chen, Rong
1993 “
Responding to Compliments: A Contrastive Study of Politeness Strategies between American English and Chinese Speakers.”
Journal of Pragmatics 201, 49–75.
Clark, H. Herbert and Adrian Bangerter
2004 “
Changing Ideas about Reference.” In
Experimental Pragmatics (Palgrave Studies in Pragmatics, Language and Cognition), ed. by
Ira Noveck and
Dan Sperber, 25–49. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cook, Guy
1989 Discourse. Oxford University Press.
Cutrone, Pino
2011 “
Politeness and Face Theory: Implications for the Backchannel Style of Japanese L1/L2 Speakers.”
Language Studies Working Papers 31: 51–57.
Daikuhara, Midori
1986 “
A Study of Compliments from a Cross-Cultural Perspective: Japanese vs. American English.”
Working Papers in Educational Linguistics 2 (2): 103–134.
Duan, Yuanbing
2011 “
A Pragmatic Research Report on Compliment Speech Act, Theories and Practice.”
Language Studies. 1 (4): 356–360.
Ephratt, Michal
2008 “
The Functions of Silence.”
Journal of Pragmatics 401: 1909–1938.
Franch, P. Bou
1998 “
On Pragmatic Transfer.”
Studies in the English Language and Linguistics, 01: 5–20.
Furko, B. Péter, and Eva Dudas
2012 “
Gender Differences in Complimenting Strategies with Special Reference to the Compliment Response Patterns of Hungarian Undergraduate Students.”
Argumentum 81: 136–157.
Grossi, Vittoria
2009 “
Teaching Pragmatic Competence: Compliments and Compliment Responses in the ESL Classroom.”
Prospect Journal 24 (2): 53–62.
[URL].
Haugh, Michael
2004 “
Revisiting the Conceptualisation of Politeness in English and Japanese.”
Multilingua 231: 85–109.
Herbert, K. Robert
1986 “
Say “Thank you”-or Something.”
American Speech 61 (1): 76–88.
Herbert, K. Robert
1990 “
Sex-Based Differences in Compliment Behavior.”
Language in Society 191: 201–224.
Herbert, K. Robert
1989 “
The Ethnography of English Compliments and Compliment Responses: A Contrastive Sketch.” In
Contrastive Pragmatics, ed. by
Oleksy, Wieslaw, 3–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hobbs, Pamela
2003 “
The Medium is the Message: Politeness Strategies in Men’s and Women’s Voice Mail Messages.”
Journal of Pragmatics 35 (2): 243–262.
Holmes, Janet
1986 “
Compliments and Responses in New Zealand English.”
Anthropological Linguistics 28 (4): 485–508.
Holmes, Janet
1988 “
Paying Compliments: A Sex-Preferential Positive Politeness Strategy.”
Journal of Pragmatics 12 (3): 445–465.
Holmes, Janet
1995 Women, Men, and Politeness. London: Longman.
Holmes, Janet
1998 “
The Linguistic Construction of Gender Identity.”
Wellington Papers in Linguistics 101: 1–10.
Holmes, Janet, and D. Brown
1987 “
Teachers and Students Learning about Compliments.”
TESOL Quarterly 21 (3): 523–546.
Hymes, Dell
1974 Foundations of Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Ide, Sachiko
1989 “
Formal Forms and Discernment: Two Neglected Aspects of Universals of Linguistic Politeness.”
Multilingua 81: 223–248.
Jucker, Andreas. H.
2009 “
Speech Act Research between Armchair, Field and Laboratory: The Case of Compliments”.
Journal of Pragmatics 411: 1611–1635.
Jucker, Andreas H., Gerold Schneider, Irma Taavitsainen, and Barb Breustedt
Lewandowska-Tomaszcyk, Barbara
1989 “
Praising and Complimenting.” In
Contrastive Pragmatics, ed. by
W. Olesky, 73–100. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Co.
Manes, Joan, and Nessa Wolfson
1981 “
The Compliment Formula.” In
Conversational Routine. Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Prepatterned Speech, ed. by
Florian Coulmas, 115–132. The Hague: Mouton.
Mao, R. LuMing
1994 “
Beyond Politeness Theory: “Face” Revisited and Renewed.”
Journal of Pragmatics 211: 451–486.
Matsumoto, Yoshiko
1988 “
Re-examination of the Universality of Face: Politeness Phenomena in Japanese.”
Journal of Pragmatics 121: 403–426.
Matsumoto, Yoshiko
1989 “
Politeness and Conversational Universals: Observations from Japanese.”
Multilingua 81: 207–221.
Mustapha, A. Samuel
2012a “
A Functional Approach to Identifying the Compliment Data.”
Rice Working Paper in Linguistics. 31: 1–15.
Mustapha, A. Samuel
2012b “
Approaches to Identifying the Compliment Data.”
International Journal of English Linguistics 2 (1): 220–230.
Othman, Normala
2011 “
Pragmatic and Cultural Considerations of Compliment Responses among Malaysian-Malay Speakers.”
Asiatic 5 (1): 86–103.
Pohl, Gabriela
2004 “
Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure and Implications for Language Teaching.”
Second Language Learning and Teaching (SSLT)”,
[URL] Vol. 41, Retrieved date 12/08/2015.
Pomerantz, Anita
1978 “
Compliment Responses: Notes on the Cooperation of Multiple Constraints”. In
Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction, ed. by
Jim Schenkein, 79–112. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Riley, Philip
1989 “
Well don’t blame me! – On the Interpretation of Pragmatic Errors.” In
Contrastive Pragmatics, ed. by
Wieslaw Oleksy, 231–249. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Searle, John R.
1969 Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shokouhi, Saeedeh, and Amir Rezaei
2015 “
The Importance of Teaching Pragmatics in the Classroom (Focus on Complimenting).”
Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 3 (1): 101–107.
Tajeddin, Zia and Elham Yazdanmehr
2012 “
Investigating the Structural Pattern and Pragmatic Functions of Compliments Made by Iranian EFL Learners.”
Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning 101: 27–51.
Tao, Lin
2014 “
Evaluating the Concept of ‘Face’ (Mentsu) in Japanese Verbal Communication.”
Intercultural Communication Studies XXIII (1): 112–124.
Thomas, Jenny
1983 “
Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure.”
Applied Linguistics 4 (2): 91–112.
Válková, Silvie
2013 “
Speech Acts or Speech Act Sets: Apologies and Compliments.”
Linguistica Pragensia 21/2013: 44–57.
Wierzbicka, Anna
1991 Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
Wolfson, Nessa
1981 “
Compliments in Cross-Cultural Perspective.”
TESOL Quarterly 15 (2): 117–124.
Wolfson, Nessa
1983 “
An Empirically Based Analysis of Complimenting in American English.” In
Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition, ed. by
Nessa Wolfson, and
Elliot Judd, 82–95. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Yule, George
1996 “
Pragmatics.” In
Oxford Introductions to Language Study, ed. by
Henry G. Widdowson. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Rudolf von Rohr, Marie-Thérèse & Miriam A. Locher
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.