Temporal adverbs of contrast in the Basic Variety of Arabic
This paper applies the model of the Basic Variety developed by Klein & Perdue
(1997) and elaborated by Benazzo (2003) to two basic forms of
communication in Arabic, Pidgin Madame and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Benazzo’s analysis of the development of temporal adverbs of
contrast (resultative already; continuative still) in the Basic
Variety of German, French and English leads to certain predictions about the sequentiality of their acquisition. In the Basic
Variety of Arabic the acquisition of these adverbs develops in a different manner. Although their source language does not
contain a resultative adverb, both varieties feature such an adverb (kalas). This contradicts
Benazzo’s findings, as does the relatively frequent use of a continuative particle (bād) at a
very early stage.
Article outline
- 1.Basic communication
- 2.Expressing temporality in the basic variety
- 3.Temporal adverbs in Basic Varieties of Arabic
- 4.Conclusion
-
Abbreviations
-
Notes
-
Bibliographical references
References (30)
Bibliographical references
Al-Moaily, M. (2008). A data-based description of Urdu Pidgin Arabic. M.A. thesis, University of Newcastle.
Badawi, E. & Hinds, M. (1986). A dictionary of Egyptian Arabic. Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
Baker, P. (1995). Motivation in creole genesis. In P. Baker (ed.), From contact to creole and beyond (pp.3–15). London: University of Westminster Press.
Becker, A. & Veenstra, T. (2003). The survival of inflectional morphology in French-related creoles. Second Language Acquisition 25, 283–306. 

Benazzo, S. (2009). The emergence of temporality: From restricted linguistic systems to early human language. In R. Botha & H. de Swart (eds.), Language evolution: The view from restricted linguistic systems (pp.21–57). Utrecht: LOT.
Benazzo, S. and Starren, M. (2007). L’émergence de moyens grammaticaux pour exprimer les relations temporelles en L2. Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère 25, 129–157. 

Bizri, F. (2010). Pidgin Madame: Une grammaire de la servitude. Paris: Geuthner.
Blackshire-Belay, C. (1991). Language contact: Verb morphology in German of foreign workers. Tübingen: G. Narr.
Bruweleit, S. (2015). Aspect, tense and action in the Arabic dialect of Beirut. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 

Clements, J. C. (2003). The tense-aspect systems in pidgins and naturalistically learned L2. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, 245–281. 

Deumert, A. (2009). Namibian Kiche Duits: The making (and decline) of a Neo-African
language. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 21, 349–417. 

Dietrich, R. & Klein, W. (1986). Simple language. Interdisciplinary Science Review 1:2, 110–117. 

Drechsel, E. J. (2014). Language contact in the early colonial Pacific: Maritime Polynesian Pidgin before Pidgin English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

Dutton, T. (1985). Police Motu: Iena sivarai (Its story). Port Moresby: The University of Papua New Guinea Press.
Hosali, P. (2000). Butler English: Form and function. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.
Jahr, E. H. (1996). On the pidgin status of Russenorsk. In E. H. Jahr & I. Broch (eds.), Language contact in the Arctic: Northern pidgins and contact languages (pp.107–122). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 

Klein, W. & Perdue, C. (1997). The Basic Variety (or: Couldn’t natural languages be much simpler?). Second Language Research 13, 301–347. 

Liem, N. D. (1979). Cases and verbs in Pidgin French in Vietnam (Tay Boi). In P. Mühlhäusler et al. (eds.), Papers in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics 2 (pp.217–246). Canberra: Australian National University.
Mühlhäusler, P. (1997). Pidgin and creole linguistics. 2nd ed. London: University of Westminster Press.
Naess, U. G. (2008). ‘Gulf Pidgin Arabic’: Individual strategies or a structured variety? A study of some features of the linguistic
behaviour of Asian migrants in the Gulf countries. M.A. thesis, University of Oslo.
Perdue, C., Benazzo, S. & Giuliano, P. (2002). When finiteness gets marked: The relation between morpho-syntactic development and use of scopal items in
adult language acquisition. Linguistics 40, 849–890. 

Roberge, P. T. (2009). The creation of pidgins as a possible window on language evolution. In R. Botha & H. de Swart (eds.), Language evolution: The view from restricted linguistic systems (pp.101–137). Utrecht: LOT.
Starren, M. (2006). Temporal adverbials and early tense and aspect markers in
the acquisition of Dutch. In V. van Geenhoven (ed.), Semantics of acquisition (pp.219–244). Berlin: Springer. 

Versteegh, K. (2014). Pidgin verbs: Imperatives or infinitives?. In I. Buchstaller, A. Holmberg & M. Almoaily (eds.), Pidgins and creoles beyond Africa-Europe encounters (pp.141–169). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 

Winford, D. (2006). Reduced syntax in (prototypical) pidgins. In L. Progovac, K. Paesani, E. Casielles, and E. Barton (eds.), The syntax of non-sententials (pp.283–307). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 

Woidich, M. (2006). Das Kairenisch-Arabische: Eine Grammatik. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Alshammari, Wafi Fhaid
2021.
Tense/Aspect Marking in Arabic-Based Pidgins.
Sustainable Multilingualism 18:1
► pp. 14 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.