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Exploring Second-Language Varieties of English and Learner Englishes: Bridging a paradigm gapEdited by Joybrato Mukherjee and Marianne Hundt
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 44] 2011
► pp. 79–100
Edited by Joybrato Mukherjee and Marianne Hundt
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 44] 2011
► pp. 79–100
Formulaic sequences in spoken ENL, ESL and EFL
Focus on British English, Indian English and learner English of advanced German learners
In this pilot study we set out to compare formulaic sequences of the type of 3-grams in ENL (spoken British English), EFL (English spoken by advanced German learners of English) and ESL (spoken Indian English). The study shows that, for the overall number of types and tokens, there are no significant differences between ENL and ESL, but there are significantly fewer 3-grams in EFL vs. ENL. A comparison of the common core (i.e. the 3-grams all three variants have in common) reveals that these common-core 3-grams are significantly more frequently used in ESL and EFL-variants compared to ENL. A functional analysis shows differences in the distribution of the 3-grams across the variants. A study of the variant-specific 3-grams reveals less variability in EFL vs. ENL but a higher number and variability of both types and tokens in ESL.
Cited by (23)
Cited by 23 other publications
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2024. Exploring part of speech (pos) tag sequences in a large-scale learner corpus of L2 English: a developmental perspective. Corpora 19:1 ► pp. 31 ff.
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2021. Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in the argumentative writing of ESL and EFL learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 59:2 ► pp. 209 ff.
Joharry, Siti Aeisha
2021. Repetitive bundles in Malaysian learner writing. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 44:1 ► pp. 82 ff.
Kreyer, Rolf
2021. Collocations in learner English. In Beyond Concordance Lines [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 102], ► pp. 97 ff.
Buschfeld, Sarah
2019. Language Acquisition and World Englishes. In The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 559 ff.
Huang, Lan-fen
2019. A Corpus-Based Exploration of the Discourse Marker Well in Spoken Interlanguage. Language and Speech 62:3 ► pp. 570 ff.
Brunner, Marie-Louise, Stefan Diemer & Selina Schmidt
2016. “It’s always different when you look something from the inside”. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:2 ► pp. 323 ff.
Deshors, Sandra C., Sandra Götz & Samantha Laporte
2016. Linguistic innovations in EFL and ESL. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:2 ► pp. 131 ff.
Edwards, Alison & Rutger-Jan Lange
Grami, G.M.A. & B.Y. Alkazemi
2016. Improving ESL writing using an online formulaic sequence word‐combination checker. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 32:2 ► pp. 95 ff.
Schneider, Gerold & Gaëtanelle Gilquin
2016. Detecting innovations in a parsed corpus of learner English. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:2 ► pp. 177 ff.
van Rooy, Bertus & Haidee Kruger
2016. The innovative progressive aspect of Black South African English. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:2 ► pp. 205 ff.
Yao, Xinyue
2016. Cleft constructions in Hong Kong English. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 37:2 ► pp. 197 ff.
Gilquin, Gaëtanelle
2015. At the interface of contact linguistics and second language acquisition research. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 36:1 ► pp. 91 ff.
Gilquin, Gaëtanelle
2023. Second and foreign language learners: The effect of language exposure on the use of English phrasal verbs. International Journal of Bilingualism
Gries, Stefan Th. & Sandra C. Deshors
Deshors, Sandra C.
2014. A case for a unified treatment of EFL and ESL. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 35:3 ► pp. 277 ff.
Deshors, Sandra C.
2016. Inside phrasal verb constructions. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
EDWARDS, ALISON
2014. The progressive aspect in the Netherlands and the ESL/EFL continuum. World Englishes 33:2 ► pp. 173 ff.
Paquot, Magali & Sylviane Granger
2012. Formulaic Language in Learner Corpora. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 32 ► pp. 130 ff.
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