Stealing a march on collocation
Deriving extended collocations from full text for student analysis and synthesis
Full text affords language learners many opportunities to observe a wide range of linguistic features whose typicality they can ascertain through corpus searches. The particular features investigated in this chapter revolve around the collocations of key words in texts. Given that knowing a collocation in no way guarantees its correct use, a procedure referred to as Collocation Plus has been developed in which learners explore the lexical and grammatical environments of collocations in the contexts in which they meet them. This is an important process in making receptive vocabulary productive. Learners may then formalise their findings into ‘word templates’ which are then available for production. This work combines some recent findings in linguistics, language acquisition and pedagogy to help learners produce language that is more accurate, fluent, idiomatic and sophisticated, whilst developing their autonomy in using the resources available and raising their consciousness of the processes involved.
References
Anderson, L.W. & Krathwohl, D.R
(eds) 2001 A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. London: Longman.
Bartram, M. & Walton, R
1991 Correction: Mistake Management – A Positive Approach to Language Mistakes. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E
1999 Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Benson, M., Benson, E. & Ilson, R
Boulton, A
2010 Learning outcomes from corpus consultation. In
Exploring New Paths in Language Pedagogy: Lexis and Corpus-Based Language Teaching,
M. Moreno Jaén,
F. Serrano Valverde &
M. Calzada Pérez (eds), 129–144. London: Equinox.
Breyer, Y
2009 Learning and teaching with corpora: Reflections by student teachers.
Computer Assisted Language Learning 22(2): 153–172.
Brown, H.D
2007 Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Crystal, D
1995 The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP.
Ellis, N.C
2008 Usage-based and form-focused language acquisition: The associative learning of constructions, learned attention, and the limited L2 endstate. In
Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition,
P. Robinson &
N. Ellis (eds), 372–406. London: Routledge.
Firth, J.R
1957 Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951. Oxford: OUP.
Francis, G., Hunston, S. & Manning, E
1998 Collins Cobuild Grammar Patterns, 2: Nouns and Adjectives. London: Collins.
Frankenberg-Garcia, A
2014 The use of corpus examples for language comprehension and production.
ReCALL, 26(2): 128–146.
Grice, P
1975 Logic and conversation. In
Syntax and Semantics, 3: Speech Acts,
P. Cole &
J. Morgan (eds), 41–58. New York NY: Academic Press.
Gries, S.T
2008 Corpus-based methods in analysis of second language acquisition data. In
Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition,
P. Robinson &
N. Ellis (eds), 406–431. London: Routledge.
Halliday, M.A.K. & Hasan R
1976 Cohesion in English. Longman: London.
Hanks, P
2010 Lexicography, terminology and phraseology. In
Proceedings of the XIV Euralex International Congress,
A. Dykstra &
T. Schoonheim (eds), 1299–1306. Afûk, Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy.
[URL] (5 July 2014).
Hanks, P
2012 How people use words to make meanings: Semantic types meet valencies. In
Input, Process and Product: Developments in Teaching and Language Corpora,
J. Thomas &
A. Boulton (eds), 54–69. Brno: Masaryk University Press.
Hanks, P
2013 Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Hanks, P. Ongoing
Pattern Dictionary of English Verbs.
[URL] (3 May, 2014).
Hoey, M
2000 A world beyond collocation: New perspectives on vocabulary teaching. In
Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical Approach,
M. Lewis (ed.), 224–243. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
Hoey, M
2005 Lexical Priming: A New Theory of Words and Language. London: Routledge.
Jackson, H
1988 Words and their Meanings. Harlow: Longman.
Jakubíček, M., Kilgarriff, A., McCarthy, D. & Rychlý. P
2010 Fast syntactic searching in very large corpora for many languages. In
PACLIC, 741–747. Waseda University: Institute for Digital Enhancement of Cognitive Development.
Kilgarriff, A., Husák, M., McAdam, K., Rundell, M. & Rychlý, P
2008 GDEX: Automatically finding good dictionary examples in a corpus. In
Proceedings of the 13th EURALEX International Congress,
E. Bernal &
J. DeCesaris (eds), 425–432. Barcelona: Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
[URL] (5 July 2014).
Kilgarriff, A., Kovář, V., Krek, S., Srdanović, I. & Tiberius, C
2010 A quantitative evaluation of word sketches. In
Proceedings of the 14th EURALEX International Congress,
A. Dykstra &
T. Schoonheim (eds), 372–379. Leeuwarden: Fryske Academy.
Lee, D
2001 Genres, registers, text types and styles: Clarifying the concepts and navigating a path through the BNC jungle.
Language Learning & Technology 5(3): 37–72.
Lewis, M
1993 The Lexical Approach. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
Lewis, M
(ed.) 2000 Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical Approach. Hove: Language Teaching Publications.
McEnery, T. & Hardie, A
2011 Corpus Linguistics: Method, Theory and Practice. Cambridge: CUP.
Richards, J. & Schmidt, R
2002 Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3rd edn. Harlow: Longman.
Rychlý, P
2008 A lexicographer-friendly association score. In
Proceedings of Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing (RASLAN),
P. Sojka &
A. Horák (eds), 6–9. Brno: Masaryk University Press.
Schmitt, N
2010 Key issues in teaching and learning vocabulary. In
Insights into Non-Native Vocabulary Teaching and Learning,
R. Chacón-Beltrán,
C. Abello-Contesse &
M.M. Torreblanca-López (eds), 28–40. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Simpson-Vlach, R. & Ellis, N
2010 An academic formulas list: New methods in phraseology research.
Applied Linguistics 31(4): 487–512.
Sinclair, J.M. & Mauranen, A
Stefanowitsch, A. & Gries, S.T
Stubbs, M
2001 Words and Phrases. Oxford: OUP.
Thomas, J
2008 Impatience is a virtue: Students and teachers interact with corpus data – now. In
Proceedings of the 8th Teaching and Language Corpora Conference,
A. Frankenberg-Garcia (ed.), 463–469. Lisbon: ISLA-Lisboa.
Thomas, J
2015 Discovering English with Sketch Engine. Brno: Versatile.
Thornbury, S
No date.
An A–Z of ELT [Blog].
[URL] (10 March, 2012).
Timmis, I
2008 The lexical approach is dead: Long live the lexical dimension.
Modern English Teacher 17(3): 5–10.
Tomasello, M
2005 Constructing a Language: A Usage-based Theory of Language Acquisition. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Van Lier, L
2000 From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In
Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning,
J. Lantolf (ed.), 245–259. Oxford: OUP.
Appendix 1: Text examples cited
Bradshaw, P
2012 Cannes 2012: Amour – review.
The Guardian, 20 May.
[URL]
Cunningham, M
2004 A Home at the End of the World. New York NY: Picador.
Kral, I
2012 Talk, Text and Technology: Literacy and Social Practice in a Remote Indigenous Community. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
MacKenzie, D
2002 vCJD deaths will rise if UK sheep have BSE.
New Scientist, 9 January.
[URL]
Staffordshire University website
No date.
National scholarship awarded to Staffordshire University lecturer.
[URL]
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Smirnova, Elizaveta A.
2017.
Using Corpora in EFL Classrooms: The Case Study of IELTS Preparation.
RELC Journal 48:3
► pp. 302 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 20 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.