Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism
Re-examining the Age Factor
Author
Age effects have played a particularly prominent role in some theoretical perspectives on second language acquisition. This book takes an entirely new perspective on this issue by re-examining these theories in light of the existence of apparently similar non-native outcomes in adult heritage speakers who, unlike adult second language learners, acquired two or more languages in childhood. Despite having been exposed to their family language early in life, many of these speakers never fully acquire, or later lose, aspects of their first language sometime in childhood. The book examines the structural characteristics of "incomplete" grammatical states and highlights how age of acquisition is related to the type of linguistic knowledge and behavior that emerges in L1 and L2 acquisition under different environmental circumstances. By underscoring age of acquisition as a unifying factor in the study of L2 acquisition and L1 attrition, it is claimed that just as there are age effects in L2 acquisition, there are also age effects, or even perhaps a critical period, in L1 attrition. The book covers adult L2 acquisition, attrition in adults and in children, and includes a comparison of adult heritage language speakers and second language learners.
[Studies in Bilingualism, 39] 2008. x, 312 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
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Acknowledgments | pp. xi–x
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Chapter 1. Foundations | pp. 1–25
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Chapter 2. Second language acquisition | pp. 27–61
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Chapter 3. First language attrition in adults | pp. 63–91
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Chapter 4. Bilingualism in early childhood | pp. 93–129
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Chapter 5. Bilingualism in middle and late childhood | pp. 131–159
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Chapter 6. Incomplete L1 acquisition in adults | pp. 161–206
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Chapter 7. Incomplete L1 and L2 acquisition in adults | pp. 207–248
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Chapter 8. Implications | pp. 249–275
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Index of authors | pp. 303–307
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Index of terms | pp. 309–312
“This important and well-written book offers a timely and well-balanced review of recent research on non-native attainment. Montrul examines in great detail how age of acquisition is related to non-native outcomes, not only in L2 acquisition, but also in L1 attrition and in incomplete L1 acquisition as a result of early L2 acquisition, and how experiential factors interact with the age factor in effecting these outcomes. This book is a mine of information and is highly recommended to students of language acquisition, language attrition and bilingualism alike.”
Theo Bongaerts, University of Nijmegen
“As one of the first generative acquisition researchers who looked into the competence of heritage speaker bilingual individuals, Montrul's body of work is rightfully the standard for formal linguistic studies on Hispanic heritage speaker bilingualism. This book is the capstone to a pioneering and novel research program, initiated close to a decade ago and continuing to the present and beyond. [...] This volume is innovative in its completeness and the breadth of issues addressed. [...] This book is compulsory reading for all students and researchers who are interested in SLA, bilingualism, and L1 attrition.”
Jason Rothman, University of Iowa, in SSLA 31, 2009
“As this book has clearly demonstrated, many questions remain regarding the language development of different groups of bilinguals, and I join Montrul in calling for more longitudinal research on development in bilingual children, particularly in differences between simultaneous and early sequential bilinguals and bilinguals raised in differing political and linguistic contexts. It is clear that there are still large gaps in our understanding of age factors in bilingualism, and Montrul has done well in pointing out where more research is needed. Overall, ''Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re-examining the age factor'' is an extensive overview of the field and a welcome contribution to the study of language acquisition and bilingualism.”
Kara T. McAlister, Arizona State University, on Linguist List 21.1599, 2010
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Gatti, Alberta & Teresa O'Neill
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Georgiou, Georgios P. & Aretousa Giannakou
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Giancaspro, David, Silvia Perez‐Cortes & Josh Higdon
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Gondra, Ager
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Goulette, Elizabeth
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Hamann, Cornelia & Lina Abed Ibrahim
2017. Methods for Identifying Specific Language Impairment in Bilingual Populations in Germany. Frontiers in Communication 2
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Hasegawa, Hiroshi
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Holzinger, Daniel, Christoph Weber & Magdalena Jezek
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Hoot, Bradley
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Ionin, Tania
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Ionin, Tania
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Ionin, Tania & Tatiana Luchkina
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Irimia, Monica Alexandrina
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JIA, RUITING & JOHANNE PARADIS
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Jia, Ruiting & Johanne Paradis
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Jiménez-Gaspar, Amelia, Acrisio Pires & Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes
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Jin, Jing, Sihui Echo Ke & John Chi-Kin Lee
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Johannessen, Janne Bondi
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Kan, Rachel TY
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KASAP, Suleyman
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Kaya-Soykan, Didem, Elena Antonova-Unlu & Cigdem Sagin-Simsek
2023. The production and perception of Turkish evidentiality markers by Turkish-German returnees. Applied Linguistics Review 14:2 ► pp. 251 ff.
Keating, Gregory D.
2022. The Effect of Age of Onset of Bilingualism on Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language. Language Learning 72:4 ► pp. 1170 ff.
KEATING, GREGORY D., JILL JEGERSKI & BILL VANPATTEN
2016. Online processing of subject pronouns in monolingual and heritage bilingual speakers of Mexican Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19:1 ► pp. 36 ff.
Keating, Gregory D., Bill VanPatten & Jill Jegerski
2011. WHO WAS WALKING ON THE BEACH?. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33:2 ► pp. 193 ff.
Kessler, Ruth & Tatiana Perevozchikova
2024. Now they accept it, now they don’t: Acceptability judgements of nontypical multiword units in Russian as a native and a heritage language. International Journal of Bilingualism
Kihlstedt, Maria
2010. Relations temporelles dans les récits d'enfants bilingues français-suédois. Cahiers Sens public n° 13-14:1 ► pp. 161 ff.
Kihlstedt, Maria & Suzanne Schlyter
2009. Emploi de la morphologie temporelle en français L2 : étude comparative auprès d’enfants monolingues et bilingues de 8 à 9 ans. Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère :Aile... Lia 1 ► pp. 89 ff.
Kim, Ihnhee
2012. Phenomena of Discourse Marker Use of Bilingual Children and Implications for Heritage Language Education. The Korean Language in America 17:1 ► pp. 24 ff.
Kim, Ihnhee
2012. Phenomena of Discourse Marker Use of Bilingual Children and Implications for Heritage Language Education. The Korean Language in America 17:1 ► pp. 24 ff.
Kim, Ji Young
2020. Discrepancy between heritage speakers' use of suprasegmental cues in the perception and production of Spanish lexical stress. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23:2 ► pp. 233 ff.
Kim, Ji-Young
2019. Heritage speakers’ use of prosodic strategies in focus marking in Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:5 ► pp. 986 ff.
Kim, Ji-Hye, Silvina Montrul & James Yoon
2009. Binding Interpretations of Anaphors by Korean Heritage Speakers. Language Acquisition 16:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Kim, Kitaek & Hyunwoo Kim
2022. Sequential bilingual heritage children's L1 attrition in lexical retrieval: Age of acquisition versus language experience. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 25:4 ► pp. 537 ff.
Kim, Sok-Ju
2015. Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) in Heritage Korean: Language Maintenance and Transfer. The Korean Language in America 19:1 ► pp. 36 ff.
Kinn, Kari
2020. Stability and attrition in American Norwegian nominals: a view from predicate nouns. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 23:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Kinn, Kari
2021. Split possession and definiteness marking in American Norwegian. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 44:2 ► pp. 182 ff.
Komeili, Mariam, Parvaneh Tavakoli & Theodoros Marinis
2023. Using multiple measures of language dominance and proficiency in Farsi-English bilingual children. Frontiers in Communication 8
Kopečková, Romana, Marta Marecka, Magdalena Wrembel & Ulrike Gut
2016. Interactions between three phonological subsystems of young multilinguals: the influence of language status. International Journal of Multilingualism 13:4 ► pp. 426 ff.
Kovrizhkina, Daria G. & Leonid V. Moskovkin
2023. Lexical features of Russian speech of bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia: an experimental study. Russian Language Studies 21:3 ► pp. 278 ff.
Kozminska, Kinga
2015. Language contact in the Polish-American community in Chicago. International Journal of Bilingualism 19:3 ► pp. 239 ff.
Krause, Marion & Tetyana Dittmers
2022. Wovon hängt eine gute Aussprache ab? Zur Rolle sprachexterner subjekt- und umgebungsbezogener Faktoren. In Language Development in Diverse Settings [Edition ZfE, 11], ► pp. 263 ff.
KUPISCH, TANJA
2012. Specific and generic subjects in the Italian of German–Italian simultaneous bilinguals and L2 learners. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15:4 ► pp. 736 ff.
Kupisch, Tanja
2021. Heritage Languages in Europe. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 45 ff.
Kupisch, Tanja & Dagmar Barton
2013. Generic reference in adult German bilinguals: how bilinguals deal with variation. Studia Linguistica 67:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Kupisch, Tanja, Alyona Belikova, Öner Özçelik, Ilse Stangen & Lydia White
2017. Restrictions on definiteness in the grammars of German-Turkish heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
KUPISCH, TANJA, TATJANA LEIN, DAGMAR BARTON, DAWN JUDITH SCHRÖDER, ILSE STANGEN & ANTJE STOEHR
2014. Acquisition outcomes across domains in adult simultaneous bilinguals with French as weaker and stronger language. Journal of French Language Studies 24:3 ► pp. 347 ff.
Kupisch, Tanja & Maria Polinsky
2022. Language history on fast forward: Innovations in heritage languages and diachronic change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 25:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Kupisch, Tanja & Jason Rothman
2018. Terminology matters! Why difference is not incompleteness and how early child bilinguals are heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 22:5 ► pp. 564 ff.
LAI, VICKY TZUYIN, GABRIELA GARRIDO RODRIGUEZ & BHUVANA NARASIMHAN
2014. Thinking-for-speaking in early and late bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17:1 ► pp. 139 ff.
Laleko, Oksana
2021. Discourse and Information Structure in Heritage Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 691 ff.
Laleko, Oksana
2022. Word order and information structure in heritage and L2 Russian: Focus and unaccusativity effects in subject inversion. International Journal of Bilingualism 26:6 ► pp. 749 ff.
Laleko, Oksana
2023. 5. The Roadmap of Heritage Language Research in North America. Publication of the American Dialect Society 108:1 ► pp. 95 ff.
Lam, Boji P. W. & Jiyoung Yoon
2023. The Effect of Language Dominance on Classic Semantic, Action, Emotional, and Phonemic Fluency in Unbalanced Bilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 66:12 ► pp. 4967 ff.
Larsson, Ida, Sofia Tingsell & Maia Andréasson
2015. Variation and Change in American Swedish. In Germanic Heritage Languages in North America [Studies in Language Variation, 18], ► pp. 359 ff.
Laufer, Batia & Liubov Baladzhaeva
2015. First language attrition without second language acquisition. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 166:2 ► pp. 229 ff.
Lazaridou-Chatzigoga, Dimitra & Petros Karatsareas
2022. Language Attrition and Lived Experiences of Attrition among Greek Speakers in London. Languages 7:4 ► pp. 307 ff.
Leal, Tania
2018. Chapter 3. Data analysis and sampling. In Critical Reflections on Data in Second Language Acquisition [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 51], ► pp. 63 ff.
Leal, Tania, Emilie Destruel & Bradley Hoot
2018. The realization of information focus in monolingual and bilingual native Spanish. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 8:2 ► pp. 217 ff.
Leal, Tania, Jason Rothman & Roumyana Slabakova
2014. A Rare Structure at the Syntax-Discourse Interface: Heritage and Spanish-Dominant Native Speakers Weigh In. Language Acquisition 21:4 ► pp. 411 ff.
Lebkuecher, Amy L. & Barbara C. Malt
2021. Second-Language Influence on First-Language Animacy Constraints and Word Order in Korean–English Bilinguals. The American Journal of Psychology 134:4 ► pp. 385 ff.
Lee, Teresa
2011. Grammatical knowledge of Korean heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1:2 ► pp. 149 ff.
Lee, Teresa
2016. Dominant language transfer in the comprehension of L2 learners and heritage speakers. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 26:2 ► pp. 190 ff.
Lee-Ellis, Sunyoung
2011. THE ELICITED PRODUCTION OF KOREAN RELATIVE CLAUSES BY HERITAGE SPEAKERS. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33:1 ► pp. 57 ff.
Leivada, Evelina, Elena Papadopoulou, Maria Kambanaros & Kleanthes K. Grohmann
2017. The Influence of Bilectalism and Non-standardization on the Perception of Native Grammatical Variants. Frontiers in Psychology 8
Leonardi, Mara Maya Victoria & Marco Tamburelli
2021. Chapter 5. The cost of ignoring degrees of Abstand in defining a regional language. In Contested Languages [Studies in World Language Problems, 8], ► pp. 87 ff.
Lesniak, Anna, Lucy Myers & Barbara Dodd
2014. The English phonological awareness skills of 5;0–6;0-year-old Polish–English, Portuguese–English bilingual speakers and English monolingual children. Speech, Language and Hearing 17:1 ► pp. 37 ff.
Li, Fei, Xiangfei Hong, Zhaoying He, Sixuan Wu & Chenyi Zhang
2021. Investigating Heritage Language Processing: Meaning Composition in Chinese Classifier-Noun Phrasal Contexts. Frontiers in Psychology 12
Liceras, Juana M.
2010. Second Language Acquisition and Syntactic Theory in the 21st Century. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30 ► pp. 248 ff.
Lichtman, Karen
2013. Developmental Comparisons of Implicit and Explicit Language Learning. Language Acquisition 20:2 ► pp. 93 ff.
LICHTMAN, KAREN
2016. Age and learning environment: Are children implicit second language learners?. Journal of Child Language 43:3 ► pp. 707 ff.
Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn
2021. Dual Language Education Models and Research in Early Childhood Education in the USA. In Handbook of Early Language Education [Springer International Handbooks of Education, ], ► pp. 1 ff.
Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn
2022. Dual Language Education Models and Research in Early Childhood Education in the USA. In Handbook of Early Language Education [Springer International Handbooks of Education, ], ► pp. 403 ff.
LLEÓ, CONXITA
2018. Aspects of the Phonology of Spanish as a Heritage Language: from Incomplete Acquisition to Transfer. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21:4 ► pp. 732 ff.
Llompart, Miquel & Ewa Dąbrowska
2023. “Foreign” language aptitude predicts individual differences in native grammatical proficiency. Linguistics 61:5 ► pp. 1165 ff.
Lloyd-Smith, Anika, Fatih Bayram & Michael Iverson
2020. Chapter 4. The effects of heritage language experience on lexical and morphosyntactic outcomes. In Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 60], ► pp. 63 ff.
Lloyd-Smith, Anika, Henrik Gyllstad, Tanja Kupisch & Stefano Quaglia
2021. Heritage language proficiency does not predict syntactic CLI into L3 English. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 24:3 ► pp. 435 ff.
Lohndal, Terje
2020. A distributed architecture of L1 attrition. Second Language Research 36:2 ► pp. 177 ff.
Lohndal, Terje
2021. Syntax of Heritage Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 644 ff.
Lohndal, Terje, Jason Rothman, Tanja Kupisch & Marit Westergaard
2019. Heritage language acquisition: What it reveals and why it is important for formal linguistic theories. Language and Linguistics Compass 13:12
Lohndal, Terje & Marit Westergaard
2016. Grammatical Gender in American Norwegian Heritage Language: Stability or Attrition?. Frontiers in Psychology 7
Lohndal, Terje & Marit Westergaard
2021. Grammatical Gender: Acquisition, Attrition, and Change. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 33:1 ► pp. 95 ff.
Lopez-Barrios, Wilmar
2024. Language-Specific Prosody in Statements of Palenquero/Spanish Bilinguals. Languages 9:4 ► pp. 132 ff.
Lubińska, Dorota
2018. A Small-Scale Study on the Relationship between First Language Attrition and Language Attitudes in Polish Speakers in Sweden. Scando-Slavica 64:2 ► pp. 283 ff.
Lustres, Eduardo, Alejandro Cuza & Aída García-Tejada
2020. Chapter 15. The acquisition of obligatory and variable mood selection in epistemic predicates by L2 learners and heritage speakers of Spanish. In Current Theoretical and Applied Perspectives on Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 27], ► pp. 319 ff.
Lynch, Andrew
2015. Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition. In Second and Foreign Language Education, ► pp. 1 ff.
Lynch, Andrew
2017. Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition. In Second and Foreign Language Education, ► pp. 43 ff.
López Otero, Julio César
2022. Lexical Frequency Effects on the Acquisition of Syntactic Properties in Heritage Spanish: A Study on Unaccusative and Unergative Predicates. Heritage Language Journal 19:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
López Otero, Julio César & Alejandro Cuza
2020. Chapter 9. The distribution and use of present and past progressive forms in Spanish-English and Spanish-Brazilian Portuguese bilinguals. In Hispanic Contact Linguistics [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 22], ► pp. 216 ff.
Ma, Yueqingzhou & Norbert Vanek
2024. First Language Lexical Attrition in a First Language Setting: A Multi-Measure Approach Testing Teachers of English. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 53:2
Mai, Ziyin
2016. L2 Chinese: Grammatical development and processing. Second Language Research 32:1 ► pp. 123 ff.
Mai, Ziyin & Xiangjun Deng
2019. Selective vulnerability and dominant language transfer in the acquisition of the Chinese cleft construction by heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9:2 ► pp. 202 ff.
Mai, Ziyin, Chung-yin Kwan & Virginia Yip
2018. Expressing displacement in heritage Cantonese: Cross-linguistic influence and structural vulnerability. International Journal of Bilingualism 22:6 ► pp. 603 ff.
Makarova, Veronika & Qin Xiang
2022. Mother tongue to heritage language metamorphosis: the case of Mandarin Chinese in Canada. Global Chinese 8:2 ► pp. 189 ff.
Martinez-Nieto, Lourdes & Maria Adelaida Restrepo
2022. Production and comprehension of grammatical gender by Spanish heritage speakers: Evidence from accusative clitic pronouns. International Journal of Bilingualism ► pp. 136700692110573 ff.
Martinez-Nieto, Lourdes & Maria Adelaida Restrepo
2023. Grammatical gender in Spanish child heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 13:2 ► pp. 267 ff.
Martohardjono, Gita, Michael A. Johns, Pamela Franciotti, Daniela Castillo, Ilaria Porru & Cass Lowry
2023. Use of the first-acquired language modulates pupil size in the processing of island constraint violations. Frontiers in Psychology 14
Martín Gómez, Antonio
2023. The effects of age and experience with input in the acquisition of clitic climbing in heritage and L2 Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism 27:4 ► pp. 432 ff.
Martínez Vera, Gabriel, Julio César López Otero, Marina Y. Sokolova, Adam Cleveland, Megan Tzeitel Marshall & Liliana Sánchez
2023. Aspectual se and Telicity in Heritage Spanish Bilinguals: The Effects of Lexical Access, Dominance, Age of Acquisition, and Patterns of Language Use. Languages 8:3 ► pp. 201 ff.
Matos, Joana & Cristina Flores
2024. More insights into the interaction between age, exposure, and attitudes in language attrition and retention from the perspective of bilingual returnees. International Journal of Bilingualism 28:1 ► pp. 24 ff.
MATUSEVYCH, YEVGEN, AFRA ALISHAHI & AD BACKUS
2017. The impact of first and second language exposure on learning second language constructions. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20:1 ► pp. 128 ff.
Mañas, Iban, Elisa Rosado, Natalia Fullana & Svetlana Alexeeva
2021. Imperfect Spanish Meanings Acquisition by Advanced Russian Learners. Evidence from Acceptability Judgements Data. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 87 ► pp. 17 ff.
McManmon, Zoe
2020. Chapter 3. Methodological considerations in heritage language studies. In Hispanic Contact Linguistics [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 22], ► pp. 62 ff.
Mehdiabadi, Fatemeh, Nina Maadad & Ali Arabmofrad
2020. The Role of First Language Attrition in Persian Idiomatic Expressions. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 49:4 ► pp. 607 ff.
Mehlhorn, Grit & Bernhard Brehmer
2023. Herkunftssprachenunterricht und Sprachbewusstheit. In Sprachbewusstheit, ► pp. 361 ff.
Meir, Natalia
2018. Morpho-Syntactic Abilities of Unbalanced Bilingual Children: A Closer Look at the Weaker Language. Frontiers in Psychology 9
Meir, Natalia & Maria Polinsky
Meir, Natalia, Joel Walters & Sharon Armon-Lotem
2016. Disentangling SLI and bilingualism using sentence repetition tasks: the impact of L1 and L2 properties. International Journal of Bilingualism 20:4 ► pp. 421 ff.
Meir, Natalia, Joel Walters & Sharon Armon-Lotem
2017. Bi-directional cross-linguistic influence in bilingual Russian-Hebrew children. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7:5 ► pp. 514 ff.
Meisel, Jürgen M.
2017. Bilingual Acquisition. In The Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ► pp. 635 ff.
MEISEL, JÜRGEN M.
2018. Early child second language acquisition: French gender in German children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21:4 ► pp. 656 ff.
Meisel, Jürgen M.
2021. Diversity and divergence in bilingual acquisition. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 40:1 ► pp. 65 ff.
Mieszkowska, Karolina, Magdalena Łuniewska, Joanna Kołak, Agnieszka Kacprzak, Zofia Wodniecka & Ewa Haman
2017. Home Language Will Not Take Care of Itself: Vocabulary Knowledge in Trilingual Children in the United Kingdom. Frontiers in Psychology 8
Miękisz, Aneta, Ewa Haman, Magdalena Łuniewska, Katarzyna Kuś, Ciara O’Toole & Napoleon Katsos
2017. The impact of a first-generation immigrant environment on the heritage language: productive vocabularies of Polish toddlers living in the UK and Ireland. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 20:2 ► pp. 183 ff.
Montanari, Elke G., Roman Abel, Lilia Tschudinovski & Barbara Graßer
2020. How do parental input and socio-economic status account for differences within and between the cohorts?. In Lost in Transmission [Studies in Bilingualism, 59], ► pp. 152 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2009. REEXAMINING THE FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE HYPOTHESIS. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 31:2 ► pp. 225 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2009. Knowledge of tense-aspect and mood in Spanish heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 13:2 ► pp. 239 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2010. Dominant language transfer in adult second language learners and heritage speakers. Second Language Research 26:3 ► pp. 293 ff.
MONTRUL, SILVINA
2010. How similar are adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers? Spanish clitics and word order. Applied Psycholinguistics 31:1 ► pp. 167 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2010. Current Issues in Heritage Language Acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30 ► pp. 3 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2011. INTRODUCTION. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33:2 ► pp. 155 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2011. MORPHOLOGICAL ERRORS IN SPANISH SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS AND HERITAGE SPEAKERS. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33:2 ► pp. 163 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2012. Bilingualism and the Heritage Language Speaker. In The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism, ► pp. 168 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2013. Ultimate Attainment in Spanish L2 Acquisition. In The Handbook of Spanish Second Language Acquisition, ► pp. 351 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2017. Developmental continuity in morphosyntactic attrition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7:6 ► pp. 739 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2018. Heritage language development: Connecting the dots. International Journal of Bilingualism 22:5 ► pp. 530 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2019. How Learning Context Shapes Heritage and Second Language Acquisition. In The Handbook of Informal Language Learning, ► pp. 57 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2019. Chapter 11. Heritage language development and the promise of Processability Theory. In Teachability and Learnability across Languages [Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition Research & Teaching, 6], ► pp. 237 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2020. Attrition, addition, and age. Second Language Research 36:2 ► pp. 213 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2022. Heritage language speakers inform the critical period hypothesis for first and second language acquisition. In Generative SLA in the Age of Minimalism [Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, 67], ► pp. 265 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2023. Heritage Languages: Language Acquired, Language Lost, Language Regained. Annual Review of Linguistics 9:1 ► pp. 399 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Nicoleta Bateman
2020. Chapter 11. Differential Object Marking in Romanian as a heritage language. In The Acquisition of Differential Object Marking [Trends in Language Acquisition Research, 26], ► pp. 285 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Nicoleta Bateman
2020. Chapter 11. Differential Object Marking in Romanian as a heritage language. In The Acquisition of Differential Object Marking [Trends in Language Acquisition Research, 26], ► pp. 285 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Nicoleta Bateman
2020. Vulnerability and stability of Differential Object Marking in Romanian heritage speakers. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 5:1
Montrul, Silvina, Archna Bhatia, Rakesh Bhatt & Vandana Puri
2019. Case Marking in Hindi as the Weaker Language. Frontiers in Psychology 10
Montrul, Silvina, Rakesh Bhatt & Archna Bhatia
2012. Erosion of case and agreement in Hindi heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 2:2 ► pp. 141 ff.
MONTRUL, SILVINA & MELISSA BOWLES
2009. Back to basics: Incomplete knowledge of Differential Object Marking in Spanish heritage speakers*. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12:03 ► pp. 363 ff.
MONTRUL, SILVINA, JUSTIN DAVIDSON, ISRAEL DE LA FUENTE & REBECCA FOOTE
2014. Early language experience facilitates the processing of gender agreement in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17:1 ► pp. 118 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Rebecca Foote
2014. Age of acquisition interactions in bilingual lexical access: A study of the weaker language of L2 learners and heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 18:3 ► pp. 274 ff.
Montrul, Silvina, Rebecca Foote & Silvia Perpiñán
2008. Gender Agreement in Adult Second Language Learners and Spanish Heritage Speakers: The Effects of Age and Context of Acquisition. Language Learning 58:3 ► pp. 503 ff.
MONTRUL, SILVINA & TANIA IONIN
2010. Transfer effects in the interpretation of definite articles by Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13:4 ► pp. 449 ff.
MONTRUL, SILVINA & TANIA IONIN
2012. Dominant Language Transfer in Spanish Heritage Speakers and Second Language Learners in the Interpretation of Definite Articles. The Modern Language Journal 96:1 ► pp. 70 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Maria Polinsky
Montrul, Silvina & Maria Polinsky
2021. Introduction. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 1 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Carmen Silva-Corvalán
2019. THE SOCIAL CONTEXT CONTRIBUTES TO THE INCOMPLETE ACQUISITION OF ASPECTS OF HERITAGE LANGUAGES. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 41:2 ► pp. 269 ff.
Montrul, Silvina & Noelia Sánchez-Walker
2013. Differential Object Marking in Child and Adult Spanish Heritage Speakers. Language Acquisition 20:2 ► pp. 109 ff.
Montrul, Silvina A.
2014. Chapter 4. Interlanguage, transfer and fossilization: Beyond second language acquisition. In Interlanguage [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 39], ► pp. 75 ff.
Montrul, Silvina A.
2016. Losing your case? Dative experiencers in Mexican Spanish and heritage speakers in the United States. In Advances in Spanish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 49], ► pp. 99 ff.
Montrul, Silvina A.
2018. Chapter 6. The Bottleneck Hypothesis extends to heritage language acquisition. In Meaning and Structure in Second Language Acquisition [Studies in Bilingualism, 55], ► pp. 149 ff.
MORGAN, GARETH P., M. ADELAIDA RESTREPO & ALEJANDRA AUZA
2013. Comparison of Spanish morphology in monolingual and Spanish–English bilingual children with and without language impairment. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16:3 ► pp. 578 ff.
Moro, Francesca R
2018. Divergence in heritage Ambon Malay in the Netherlands: The role of social-psychological factors. International Journal of Bilingualism 22:4 ► pp. 395 ff.
Moro, Francesca R.
2014. Resultative constructions in heritage Ambon Malay in the Netherlands. Linguistics in the Netherlands 31 ► pp. 78 ff.
Muñoz, Carmen & David Singleton
2011. A critical review of age-related research on L2 ultimate attainment. Language Teaching 44:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Nader, Marie
2024. Compréhension écrite en français langue de scolarisation chez des enfants de langue d’origine arabe : contribution de facteurs cognitifs et linguistiques. The Canadian Modern Language Review 80:1 ► pp. 50 ff.
Nagy, Naomi & Julia Petrosov
2024. (Heritage) Russian Case Marking: Variation and Paths of Change. Languages 9:3 ► pp. 100 ff.
Navejas, Dawn
2022. Partner language development in TWI. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 10:1 ► pp. 62 ff.
Otwinowska, Agnieszka, Natalia Meir, Natalia Ringblom, Sviatlana Karpava & Francesca La Morgia
2021. Language and literacy transmission in heritage language: evidence from Russian-speaking families in Cyprus, Ireland, Israel and Sweden. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 42:4 ► pp. 357 ff.
O’Grady, William
O’Grady, William, Hye-Young Kwak, On-Soon Lee & Miseon Lee
2011. AN EMERGENTIST PERSPECTIVE ON HERITAGE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33:2 ► pp. 223 ff.
O’Rourke, Erin & Kim Potowski
2016. Phonetic accommodation in a situation of Spanish dialect contact: Coda /s/ and /r̄/ in Chicago
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Papastefanou, Theodora, Daisy Powell & Theodoros Marinis
2019. Language and Decoding Skills in Greek-English Primary School Bilingual Children: Effects of Language Dominance, Contextual Factors and Cross-Language Relationships Between the Heritage and the Majority Language. Frontiers in Communication 4
Paradis, Johanne
2011.
Individual differences in child English second language acquisition
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Paradis, Johanne & Krithika Govindarajan
2018. Chapter 16. Bilingualism and children with developmental language and communication disorders. In Bilingual Cognition and Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 54], ► pp. 347 ff.
PARADIS, JOHANNE, YASEMIN TULPAR & ANTTI ARPPE
2016. Chinese L1 children's English L2 verb morphology over time: individual variation in long-term outcomes. Journal of Child Language 43:3 ► pp. 553 ff.
Paradowski, Michał B. & Aleksandra Bator
2018. Perceived effectiveness of language acquisition in the process of multilingual upbringing by parents of different nationalities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 21:6 ► pp. 647 ff.
Parshina, Olga, Anna K. Laurinavichyute & Irina A. Sekerina
2021. Eye-movement benchmarks in Heritage Language reading. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 24:1 ► pp. 69 ff.
Parshina, Olga, Anastasiya Lopukhina & Irina A. Sekerina
2022. Can Heritage Speakers Predict Lexical and Morphosyntactic Information in Reading?. Languages 7:1 ► pp. 60 ff.
Parshina, Olga, Irina A. Sekerina, Anastasiya Lopukhina & Titus von der Malsburg
2022. Monolingual and Bilingual Reading Processes in Russian: An Exploratory Scanpath Analysis. Reading Research Quarterly 57:2 ► pp. 469 ff.
Pascual y Cabo, Diego
2015. Issues in Spanish heritage morphosyntax. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 8:2 ► pp. 389 ff.
Pascual y Cabo, Diego
2016. Charting the past, present, and future of Spanish heritage language research. In Advances in Spanish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 49], ► pp. 1 ff.
Pascual y Cabo, Diego
2020. Examining the role of cross-generational attrition in the development
of Spanish as a heritage language. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10:1 ► pp. 86 ff.
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2023. Variable V2 in Norwegian heritage language. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 13:2 ► pp. 133 ff.
Wheeler, Jamelyn, Matthew Pollock & Manuel Díaz-Campos
2023. ¿(Está/Es) Difícil?: Variable Use of Ser and Estar by Heritage Learners of Spanish. Languages 8:4 ► pp. 271 ff.
Wiese, Heike, Artemis Alexiadou, Shanley Allen, Oliver Bunk, Natalia Gagarina, Kateryna Iefremenko, Maria Martynova, Tatiana Pashkova, Vicky Rizou, Christoph Schroeder, Anna Shadrova, Luka Szucsich, Rosemarie Tracy, Wintai Tsehaye, Sabine Zerbian & Yulia Zuban
2022. Heritage Speakers as Part of the Native Language Continuum. Frontiers in Psychology 12
WILLIAMS, NIA & ENLLI MÔN THOMAS
2017. Exploring minority language input sources as means of supporting the early development of second language vocabulary and grammar. Applied Psycholinguistics 38:4 ► pp. 855 ff.
Wilson, Sonia
2020. Heritage Speakers, FLP and Emotional Challenges. In Family Language Policy, ► pp. 1 ff.
Woods, Michael R. & Naomi Lapidus Shin
2016. “Fijáte…sabes que le digo yo”. In Forms of Address in the Spanish of the Americas [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 10], ► pp. 305 ff.
Woods, Rebecca
2015. The acquisition of dative alternation by German-English bilingual and English monolingual children. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5:2 ► pp. 252 ff.
Wu, Mingjun, Lawrence Jun Zhang, Di Wu & Tongshun Wang
2020. Effects of the interface categories on the acquisition patterns of English reflexives among learners of English as a foreign language. International Journal of Bilingualism 24:4 ► pp. 651 ff.
WU, SHU‐LING
2016. Development of Thinking for Speaking: What Role Does Language Socialization Play?. The Modern Language Journal 100:2 ► pp. 446 ff.
Yager, Lisa, Nora Hellmold, Hyoun-A Joo, Michael T. Putnam, Eleonora Rossi, Catherine Stafford & Joseph Salmons
2015. New Structural Patterns in Moribund Grammar: Case Marking in Heritage German. Frontiers in Psychology 6
Yang, Charles & Silvina Montrul
2017. Learning datives: The Tolerance Principle in monolingual and bilingual acquisition. Second Language Research 33:1 ► pp. 119 ff.
Yildiz, Yasemin & Hande Koyuncuoglu
2017. The attrition of Turkish as a third language. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 168:2 ► pp. 278 ff.
YILMAZ, Gülsen & Antje SAUERMANN
2023. Complete acquisition in the heritage language: Evidence from indefiniteness in Turkish. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi :33 ► pp. 813 ff.
Yılmaz, Gülsen & Monika S. Schmid
2018. Chapter 11. First language attrition and bilingualism. In Bilingual Cognition and Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 54], ► pp. 225 ff.
Zhang, Shi
2020. Does extensive L2 exposure trigger L1 attrition of perfective and durative aspect marking in Mandarin Chinese?. In Lost in Transmission [Studies in Bilingualism, 59], ► pp. 256 ff.
Zhao, Lucy Xia
2012. Interpretation of Chinese overt and null embedded arguments by English-speaking learners. Second Language Research 28:2 ► pp. 169 ff.
Zyzik, Eve
2014. Causative verbs in the grammar of Spanish heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Ó Giollagáin, Conchúr
Łyskawa, Paulina & Naomi Nagy
2020. Case Marking Variation in Heritage Slavic Languages in Toronto: Not So Different. Language Learning 70:S1 ► pp. 122 ff.
Șan, Nebiye Hilal
2023. Subordination in Turkish Heritage Children with and without Developmental Language Impairment. Languages 8:4 ► pp. 239 ff.
张, 洁
2019. 华裔汉语继承语使用者语法及相关语言能力的习得发展
. Global Chinese 5:2 ► pp. 207 ff.
[no author supplied]
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[no author supplied]
2018. Dominance of Ukrainian in the bilingual setting: neurocognitive factors. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Series: Foreign Philology. Methods of Foreign Language Teaching :87
[no author supplied]
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[no author supplied]
2021. Research Approaches to Heritage Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 373 ff.
[no author supplied]
2021. Grammatical Aspects of Heritage Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 579 ff.
[no author supplied]
2021. References. In Foundations of Familiar Language, ► pp. 386 ff.
[no author supplied]
2021. Heritage Languages around the World. In The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics, ► pp. 11 ff.
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 16 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
Subjects
Linguistics
Psychology
Main BIC Subject
CFDM: Bilingualism & multilingualism
Main BISAC Subject
LAN009000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General