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marks direct and indirect sources of evidence one
has for their statement. We explored (1) how
Turkish HLS use evidentiality marking as compared
to monolingual Turkish speakers, and (2) which
factors predict their performances in producing
evidentiality. Our findings showed that the HLS
made a large number of contextually inappropriate
substitutions by using direct evidentials in
places where an indirect evidential would be used,
and that this pattern is largely predicted by the
amount of self-reported exposure to the first
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