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Part of
Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language
Edited by Fatih Bayram
[Studies in Bilingualism 60] 2020
► pp. 127–154

Chapter 7
Investigating the effects of L1 proficiency and CLI

RT data from speakers of heritage L1 Turkish with dominant German L2

| University of Cologne
| University of Freiburg
| Konstanz University

This paper investigates the effects of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in L1 Turkish of Turkish-German bilingual speakers. The study examines whether overlapping structures in the two languages result in influences of the dominant L2 German on the weaker L1 Turkish in morphosyntactic processing. Plural-marking on noun phrases was chosen for investigation since it provides an ideal test case and it constitutes partial overlap in German and Turkish. Since various definitions of CLI describe effects of this phenomenon that relate to language processing, behavioral measures are utilized in this research. The analyses of accuracy rates reveal that the two languages are clearly differentiated from each other. However, the bilingual speakers perform better with respect to the construction, which is only available in Turkish, compared to the overlapping structure between the languages. This indicates that the speakers separate the two languages from each other. However, interlanguage cue competition is at play in morphosyntactic processing in the L1 heritage language. The effects of heritage language proficiency are also examined by means of comparing high- and low-to-intermediate heritage speakers. The proficiency effects on L1 processing can be found in processing speed but not in accuracy rates. High-to-intermediate speakers do not differ from monolinguals in their processing speed, whereas the low-to-intermediate speakers perform slower than both the monolinguals and the high-to-intermediate heritage speakers. We discuss these findings within Modular Online Growth and Use of Language (MOGUL), which is a processing-based linguistic framework that accounts for the interaction of the two languages in the bilingual mind.

Keywords: heritage bilingualism, cross linguistic influence, L1 proficiency, reaction time study
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Goals of the study
  • 3.Experimental design
    • 3.1Participants
    • 3.2Materials
    • 3.3Procedure
    • 3.4Data analysis
    • 3.5Results
      • 3.5.1Results of the accuracy scores
        • 3.5.1.1Analysis of the accuracy scores in monolingual and bilingual groups
        • 3.5.1.2Accuracy results for high- and low-intermediate groups
        • 3.5.1.3Conclusions on the accuracy scores
      • 3.5.2Results of the reaction time analysis
        • 3.5.2.1Reaction time results for monolingual and bilingual groups
        • 3.5.2.2Reaction time results for the high and low-intermediate bilingual groups
        • 3.5.2.3Conclusions on the reaction times
  • 4.Conclusion and discussion
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 18 November 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.60.07kra
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