Chapter 4
Sociolinguistics of Modern Hebrew
The chapter characterizes Modern Hebrew as having developed in a highly multilingual setting. This evolved,
initially, from a century of Jewish immigrations starting in the 1880s, bringing languages from Europe, the Balkans,
the Middle East, and North Africa. Subsequently, late 20th-century immigrations from the former Soviet Union and
Ethiopia and an influx of global languages further increased multilingualism in the small area of what was known
formerly as Palestine (or Eretz Yisrael ‘the Land of Israel’) and, since 1948, as Israel. The impact of these incoming languages on Modern Hebrew is described
as depending on varying sociolinguistic factors of languages-in-contact, including an asymmetric interaction pattern
that evolved between Hebrew and Palestinian Arabic which, together with more general socio-historical factors, created
a multitude of communal varieties, and different registers, genres, styles, and codes of usage. The chapter also
briefly considers issues of language, gender, and power as well as language policy and planning in this complex
sociolinguistic setting, concluding with general comments on the current linguistic landscape of Modern Hebrew.
Article outline
- 1.The multilingual setting of Modern Hebrew
- 1.1Languages of Ashkenazi Jews
- 1.2Languages of Sephardi Jews
- 1.3Languages of Mizrahi Jews
- 1.4Russian, Ethiopian, global languages, and transnationalism
- 1.5Impact of foreign languages on Modern Hebrew
- 1.6Interaction with Palestinian Arabic
- 2.Communal varieties of Modern Hebrew
- 2.1Two major dialect types
- 2.2Intersecting varieties of Modern Hebrew
- 2.2.1Jewish Hebrew
- 2.2.2Kibbutz lexicon
- 2.2.3Army language
- 2.2.4Basic variety Hebrew
- 3.Registers, genres, codes and styles
- 3.1Register scale
- 3.2Spoken language in literature
- 3.3Performing arts (theater, film, drama)
- 3.4Song and music
- 3.5Mass communication and media
- 3.6Digital language
- 3.7Hybrid bilingual codes
- 4.Language, gender, and power
- 4.1Gender bias and countermeasures
- 4.2Gendered symbols and stereotypes
- 4.3Male as norm in generic ‘you’?
- 5.Language ideology and educational policies
- 6.Linguistic landscape
- 7.Concluding comment
-
Notes
-
References
References (172)
References
Alfi-Shabtay, Iris & Edgar, Lydia. 2012.
qlitah lšonit wħevratit ʔecel ʕoley buxarah hawatiqim byisraʔel
(Linguistic and social absorption of veteran immigrants from Bukhara in Israel). Be-maagaley ha-xinux 3: 108–122.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alfi-Shabtay, Iris & Zhurbitzky, Svetlana. 2013.
ʕivrit ħayah barusit hadvurah šel mvugarim watiqim mibrit hamoʕacot
lšeʕavar
(Living Hebrew in spoken Russian of former Soviet veteran immigrants). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 6, Rina Ben-Shahar & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 27–42. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Amara, Muhammad Hasan. 2002.
haʕivrit bqerev haʕaravim byisraʔel: hebetim sociolingwistim
(Hebrew among Israeli Arabs: Sociolinguistic aspects). In Speaking Hebrew: Studies in the Spoken Language and in Linguistic Variation in Israel [Te’uda 18], Shlomo Izre’el (ed.), 85–105. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Amara, Muhammad Hasan. 2013. Arab population of Israel: Sociolinguistic aspects. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 1, Geoffrey Khan, (ed.), 124–128. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Amara, Muhammad Hasan. 2015. Hebraization in the Palestinian language landscape in Israel. In Challenges for Language Education and Policy: Making Space for People, Bernard Spolsky, Ofra Inbar-Lourie & Michal Tannenbaum (eds.), 182–195. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Amara, Muhammad Hasan, Donitsa-Schmidt, Smadar & Mari ’i, Abd al-Rahman. 2016. hasafa haʕarvit baʔaqademiya byisraʔel: haheʕadrut hahistorit, haʔetgarim bahoweh, hasikuyim
leʕatid (Arabic in the Israeli Academy: Historical Absence, Current Challenges, Future Possibilities). Jerusalem: Van Leer.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Amir, Eli. 1984. tarngol kaparot (Scapegoat). Tel Aviv: Am Oved.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Armon-Lotem, Sharon, Altman, Carmit, Burstein, Zhanna & Walters, Joel. 2013. Immigrant speech. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 2, Geoffrey Khan, (ed.), 232–236. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Aslanov, Cyril. 2016.
ʕivrit aħusalit wʕivrit maʕbartit: šney cdadim lʔoto matbeaʕ?
(Mainstream Hebrew and transit camp Hebrew: Two sides of the same coin?). Carmillim: Journal for the Study of Hebrew and Related Languages 12: 7–18.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Assouline, Dalit. 2013,
beyn tahor ltameʔ: hahavħanah haħaredit beyn lšon-qodeš lʕivrit
(Between pure and impure: The Haredi distinction between Loshn-Koydesh and Hebrew). In Language as Culture: New Perspectives on Hebrew, Yotam Benziman (ed.), 145–163. Jerusalem: Van Leer & Hakibbutz Hameuchad.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Assouline, Dalit. 2014. Veiling knowledge: Hebrew sources in the Yiddish sermons of ultra-orthodox women. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 226: 163–188.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Assouline, Dalit. 2015. hahitnagdut haqanaʔit laʕivrit haħadašah bamciʔut halšonit byisraʔel (The opposition of ultra-orthodox ‘zealots’ to Modern Hebrew in contemporary Israel). Carmillim: Journal for the Study of Hebrew and Related Languages 11: 123–132.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Assouline, Dalit. 2017. Contact and Ideology in a Multilingual Community: Yiddish and Hebrew among the Ultra-Orthodox [Language Contact and Bilingualism 16]. Boston: Walter de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Avishur, Yitzhak. 2002–2003.
hamarkiv haʕarvi balašon haʕivrit bat-zmaneynu uvsifrutah -meʔeliʕezer ben-yehudah
ʕad netivah ben-yehudah (wDan ben-ʔamoc)
(The Arabic elements in contemporary Hebrew language and its literature – from Eliezer ben-Yehuda to Netiva
ben-Yehuda (and Dan ben-Amotz)). Haivrit Weahyoteha: Studies in Hebrew Language and its Contact with Semitic Languages and Jewish
Languages 2–3: 9–50.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bar-Ziv, Levy, Miri. 2015.
yicug lšon ha-dibur haʕivrit baqolnoaʕ haʔerec yisrʔeli bišnot hašlošim šel hameʔa
haʕesrim
(The cinematic representation of Hebrew speech in the 1930s). Language Studies 16: 55–88.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bar-Ziv, Levy, Miri. 2016.
kartis knisah ladibur hacabari: haseret “Dan wsaʕadyah” kinqudat mifneh byicug
hadibur haʕivri baqolnoaʕ
(Entry ticket to Tsabaric (Native Israeli) speech: The movie “Dan (Quixote) and Sa’adya
(Panza)” as a turning point in the cinematic representation of Hebrew speech). Karmilim: Journal for the Study of Hebrew and Related Languages 12: 97–128.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer. 1994. Language, Identity and Social Division: The Case of Israel. Oxford: Clarendon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer. 2002.
rav tarbutiyut wrav lšoniyut byisraʔel
(Multiculturalism and multilingualism in Israel). In Speaking Hebrew: Studies in the Spoken Language and in Linguistic Variation in Israel [Te’uda 18], Shlomo Izre’el (ed.), 67–84. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer. 2008.
mipluralizm lrav tarbutiyut
(Israel: From pluralism to multiculturalism). Social Issues in Israel 6: 94–120.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer & Ben-Rafael, Miriam. 2010 . Diaspora and returning diaspora: French-Hebrew and vice-versa. In Linguistic Landscape in the City, Elana Shohamy, Eliezer Ben-Rafael & Monica Barni (eds.), 326–343. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer & Ben-Rafael, Miriam. 2011. Francophonie in the plural: The case of Israel. Israel Studies in Language and Society 4(1): 39–72.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer & Sharot, Stephen. 1991. Ethnicity, Religion and Class in Israeli Society. Cambridge: CUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer, Shohamy, Elana, Amara, Muhammad Hasan & Trumper-Hecht, Nira. 2004. Linguistic Landscape and Multiculturalism: A Jewish-Arab Comparative Study. Tel Aviv: Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Rafael, Eliezer, Shohamy, Elana, Amara, Muhammad Hasan & Trumper-Hecht, Nira. 2006. Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space. International Journal of Multilingualism 3(1): 7–30. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Shahar, Rina. 1994.
hitpatħut lšon hadiʔalog basiporet hayisrʔelit: taħanot ʕiqariyot
(The development of dialogue style in Israeli prose: Main phases). In Sadan: Studies in Hebrew Literature, Vol. 1, Dan Laor (ed.), 217–240. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Shahar, Rina. 1995.
targum diʔalog sifruti: hebetim teʔoretiyim wteʔuriyim
(Translating literature dialogue: Theoretical and descriptive aspects). In Studies in Language, Vol. 7, Moshe Bar-Asher (ed.), 193–217. Jerusalem: Hebrew University & Mandel Institute for Jewish Studies.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Shahar, Rina. 2004.
ʕal lšon dmuyot mizraħiyot bmaħazot uvmaʕarxonim ʕivriyim
(On the language of oriental characters in Hebrew plays and skits). In Israeli Theater: Democratization Processes in Israeli Society, Dan Urian (ed.), 91–104. Tel Aviv: Open University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Shahar, Rina. 2010.
ʔofney yicug dibur bareʔayon haʕitonaʔi
(Representing speech in journalistic interviews). Israel Studies in Language and Society 3(1): 84–103.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ben-Shahar, Rina. 2016.
dibur mizraħi basiporet haʕivrit
(Oriental speech in Israeli prose). Carmillim: Journal for the Study of Hebrew and Related Languages 12:19–50.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bentolila, Yaakov. 1994. Bilingualism in a Moroccan settlement in the south of Israel. Israel Social Science Research 9(1–2): 84–108.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Berk-Seligson, Susan. 1986. Linguistic constraints on intrasentential code-switching: A study of Spanish/Hebrew
bilingualism. Language in Society 15(3): 313–348. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Berman, Dalit. 2007.
ʕivrit yisrʔelit bgaluy uvmasweh bayidiš haħaredit
(Overt and covert Israeli Hebrew in Charedi Yiddish). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 4, Rina Ben-Shahar & Gideon Toury (eds.), 107–125. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Berman, Ruth A. 1997. ʕal habʕayatiyut bħeqer haʕivrit haħadašah uvhoraʔatah (Issues and problems in Modern Hebrew research). Praqim 7: 84–96.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Berman, Ruth A. 2005. Introduction: Developing discourse stance in different text types and languages. Journal of Pragmatics 37(2): 105–124. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bernstein, Basil. 1964. Elaborated and restricted codes: Their social origins and some consequences. American Anthropologist 66(6.2): 55–69.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bernstein, Basil. 2004. Applied Studies towards a Sociology of Language [Class, Codes and Control II]. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biber, Douglas & Conrad, Susan. 2001. Register variation: A corpus approach. In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen & Heidi E. Hamilton (eds.), 175–196. Oxford: Blackwell.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blanc, Haim. 1956/1989.
laysod haʕarvi šebadibur hayisraʔeli
(On the Arabic basis in Israeli speech). In Human Language, Moshe Zinger (ed.), 135–157. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute. (Originally published in Leshonenu La’am 53: 6–15, 54–55: 27–32, 56: 20–26).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blanc, Haim. 1965. Some Yiddish influences in Israeli Hebrew. In The Field of Yiddish: Studies in Language, Folklore and Literature, Vol. 2, Uriel Weinreich (ed.), 185–201. The Hague: Mouton.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blanc, Haim. 1968. The Israeli koine as an emergent national standard. In Language Problems of Developing Nations, Joshua A. Fishman, Charles A. Ferguson & Jyotirindra Das Gupta (eds.), 237–251. New York NY: John Wiley & Sons.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bleaman, Isaac L. 2015. Verbal predicate fronting in Modern Hebrew and Yiddish. Journal of Jewish Languages 3(1–2): 66–78. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bliboim, Rivka. 2012.
“yhudit” w“yisraʔelit”: ʕiyun lšoni wtarbuti bixtivatam šel sofrim bney
zmanenu
(Judaic and Israeli language: A linguistic and cultural study of contemporary authors’ writing). Hebrew Linguistics 66: 43–61.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bliboim, Rivka. 2010.
mehaʔqlberi fin ʕad šum gamadim loʔ yavoʔu: msirat dibur ʕivri tat-tiqni batargum
uvamaqor
(From Huckleberry Finn to No Dwarves will Come (=The Flafel King
is Dead): Relaying a Sub-standard Speech in Translated & Original Works
). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 5, Rina Ben-Shahar, Gideon Toury & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 201–217. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bloch, Linda-Renée. 2000. Mobile discourse: Political bumper stickers as a communication event in Israel. Journal of Communication 50(2): 48–76. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bloch, Linda-Renée & Lemish, Dafna. 2005. “I know I’m a Freierit, but …”: How a key cultural frame (en)genders a discourse
of inequality. Journal of Communication 55(1): 38–55.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogoch, Bryna. 1999. Courtroom discourse and the gendered construction of professional identity. Law & Social Inquiry 24(2): 329–375. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Borochovsky Bar-Aba, Esther & Kedmi, Yafit. 2010.
lšon hamisronim bhašwaʔah lilšon hadibur
(Texting as compared to speech). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 5, Rina Ben-Shahar, Gideon Toury & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 47–64. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brand, Sara. 2015.
hašpaʕat haʕivrit ʕal hadibur bʕarvit bqerev dovrehah hacʕirim bney ʕedot
šonot
(Hebrew influence on Arabic speech among its young speakers from various ethnicities). Gadish: Adult Education Journal 15: 89–101.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bunis, David. 2003.
Judezmo bʔerec yisraʔel
. In Research Papers in Hebrew Linguistics, Hebrew Literature and Jewish Languages: Yaakov Bentolila Jubilee
Volume [Eshel Beer-Sheva: Occasional Publications in Jewish studies 8], Daniel Sivan & Pablo-Itshak Halevy-Kirtchuk (eds.), 53–71. Beer Sheva: Ben Gurion University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Burstein-Feldman, Zhanna, Epstein, Alek D., Kheimets, Nina, Kopeliovich, Shulamit, Yitzhaki, Dafna & Walters, Joel. 2010. Israeli sociolinguistics: From Hebrew hegemony to Israeli plurilingualism. In The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics around the World, Martin J. Ball (ed.), 226–237. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cais, Judith. 1981.
hitnahagut milulit wdarxey ħivrut – lšonam šel yladim tʕuney tipuaħ
umvusasim
(Verbal behavior and socialization methods – the language of disadvantageous and advantageous
children). In Studies in Linguistics and Semiotics in Memory of Mordechai Ben Asher, Lowrance M. Davis, Elyakim Weinberg & Avraham Solomonik (eds.), 201–227. Jerusalem: Ministry of Adult Education.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cais, Judith. 1983 Socialization and verbal behavior: An Israeli example. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 41: 57–75.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cais, Judith. 1984.
ʕivrit šonah o ʕivrit gruʕah?
(Different Hebrew or bad Hebrew?). Studies in Education 40: 7–20![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Colasuonno, Maria Maddalena. 2013. Sociolinguistics. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 3, Geoffrey Khan, (ed.), 581–584. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Davis, Lawrence. 1981.
hadiqduq hanormativi ulšonam šel tʕuney tipuaħ
(The normative grammar and the language of the disadvantageous). In Studies in Linguistics and Semiotics in Memory of Mordechai Ben-Asher, Lowrance M. Davis, Elyakim Weinberg & Avraham Solomonik (eds.), 23–28. Jerusalem: Ministry of Adult Education.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Di-Nur, Miriam. 1992.
halašon ʔašer bamaħaze ‘ʔallah karim’
(The language of the play ‘Alla Karim’). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 1, Uzzi Ornan, Rina Ben-Shahar & Gideon Toury (eds.), 174–178. Haifa: Haifa University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Donitsa-Schmidt, Smadar, Golan, Rinat & Olshtain, Elite. 2001.
sfatam šel ʕovdim zarim byisraʔel
(The language of Israeli foreign workers). In Studies in Hebrew and Language Teaching in Honor of Ben Zion Fischler, Ora Rodrigue Schwarzwald & Raphael Nir (eds.), 53–74. Even Yehuda: Reches.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Doron, Edit. 2015. Language Contact and the Development of Modern Hebrew [Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 84]. Leiden: Brill. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dubnov, Keren. 2013. Russian and Slavic influence on Modern Hebrew. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 3, Geoffrey Khan (ed.), 576–678. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Efrati, Nathan. 2010.
haʕivrit birʕi hamdinah: maʕamadah haciburi šel haʕivrit meʔaz yisud
hamdinah
(The Hebrew Republic: Hebrew and its Status in the Israeli Public Domain). Jerusalem: The Academy of the Hebrew Language.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Einat, Tomer & Livnat, Zohar. 2013. Words, values and identities: The Israeli prison argot (jargon). Israel Studies in Language and Society 6(1): 31–58.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Eldar, Ilan. 2006–2007.
bʕiqvot hatħiyah halšonit: reʔšit haʕivrit hamduberet
(The formation of Modern Hebrew since its adoption as a spoken language). Haivrit Weahyoteha: Studies in Hebrew Language and its Contact with Semitic Languages and Jewish
Languages 6–7: 39–54.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Elhija, Duaa Abu. 2017. Hebrew loanwords in the Palestinian Israeli variety of Arabic (Facebook Data). Journal of Language Contact 10(3): 422–449. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Francez, Itamar. 2015. Modern-Hebrew lama-še interrogatives and their Judeo-Spanish
origins. In Language Contact and the Development of Modern Hebrew [Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 84], Edit Doron (ed.), 101–111. Leiden: Brill. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gafter, Roey J. 2016. Pharyngeal beauty and depharyngealized geek: Performing ethnicity on Israeli reality
TV. In Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes our Ideas about Race, H. Samy Alim, John R. Rickford & Arentha F. Ball (eds.), 185–202. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gafter, Roey J. & Horesh, Uri. 2015. When the construction is axla, everything is axla: A case of combined lexical and structural
borrowing from Arabic to Hebrew. Journal of Jewish Languages 3(1–2): 337–348. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Giles, Howard, Coupland, Nikolas & Coupland, Justine. 1991. Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Sociolinguistics, Howard Giles, Justine Coupland & Nikolas Coupland (eds.), 1–68. Cambridge: CUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Golan, Rinat. 2013.
rxišat ʕivrit bqerev dovrey rusit byisraʔel bheqšer ħevrati wtarbuti
(Hebrew acquisition among Israeli Russian speakers in a social and cultural context). In Language as Culture: New Perspectives on Hebrew, Yotam Benziman (ed.), 182–193. Jerusalem: Van Leer & Hakibbutz Hameuchad.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Goldenberg, Gideon. 2013. Semitic Languages: Features, Structures, Relations, Processes. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gonen, Einat. 2011. Are there grammatical differences between the language of religious and secular Jews? Observations
on a morphophonological aspect of Israeli Hebrew. Hebrew Studies 52: 279–291. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grossman, Eitan. 2013. “So you just flow with it”: The inclusive second person as a discourse strategy in “Soldier’s
Testimonies” from the occupied Palestinian territories. In Meditations on Authority, David Dean Shulman (ed.), 157–190. Jerusalem: Magnes.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Held-Dilaroza, Michal. 2008.
maʕarexet hayħasim beyn hamarkiv haʕivri balašon hayhudit uveyn haʕivrit haħadašah
kfi šehiʔ mitgalemet bizmanenu byisraʔel bsiaħ sfaradi-yhudi
(The relationship between the Judaic language’s Hebrew component and contemporary Hebrew as it is
manifested in current Israeli Judeo-Spanish discourse). Sha’arey Lashon: Studies in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Jewish Languages in honor of Moshe Bar-Asher, Vol. 3, Aaron Mamman, Shmuel Fassberg & Yochanan Breuer (eds.), 304–319. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Held-Dilaroza, Michal. 2009.
ʔimaʔ, maʔdri ʔo maʔmah: lmašmaʕutam šel ħilufey cofen bsipureyhen haʔišiyim šel
msaprot ʕamamiyot dovrot sfaradit-yehudit
(Ima, madri or mama: codeswitching’s meaning in the personal stories of native Judeo-Spanish female
storytellers). Ladinar 5: 67–88.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Held-Dilaroza, Michal. 2012.
“La Sinagoga i su Bet Midrash”: ʕiyun bamarkiv haʕivri basfaradit hayhudit haktuvah
bisvivah lšonit ħadašah
(“La Sinagoga i su Bet Midrash”: Study of the Hebrew component in written Judeo-Spanish in a new language
setting). In Studies in Modern Hebrew and the Jewish languages presented to Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald, Malka Muchnik & Tsvi Ssdan (eds.), 631–649. Jerusalem: Carmel.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henkin, Roni. 2009. The cognate curse in Negev Arabic: From playful punning to coexistence conflicts. Israel Studies in Language and Society 2(2): 169–206.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henkin, Roni. 2011a. Hebrew and Arabic in asymmetric contact in Israel. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7(1): 61–100.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henkin, Roni. 2011b. Bilingual humor in written Negev Arabic and its oral roots. Mediterranean Language Review 17: 65–87.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henkin, Roni. 2013. Arabic influence: Modern period. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 1, Geoffrey Khan, (ed.), 143–149. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henkin, Roni. 2015. Codeswitching patterns in Negev Bedouin students’ personal interviews. Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik 61: 5–34.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henkin, Roni. 2016. Functional codeswitching and register in Educated Negev Arabic interview style. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79(2): 279–304. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henshke, Yehudit. 2013a. The contribution of the Hebrew component in Judeo-languages to the revival of spoken
Hebrew. Revue des Études Juives 172(1–2): 169–187.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henshke, Yehudit. 2013b. On the Mizrahi sociolect in Israel: A sociolexical consideration of the Hebrew of Israelis of North
African origin. Journal of Jewish Languages 1(2): 207–227. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henshke, Yehudit. 2015a. The Mizrahi sociolect in Israel: Origins and development. Israel Studies 20(2): 163–182. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henshke, Yehudit. 2015b. Patterns of dislocation: Judeo-Arabic syntactic influence on Modern Hebrew. Journal of Jewish Languages 3(1–2): 150–164. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Henshke, Yehudit. 2017. Israeli, Jewish, Mizrahi or Traditional? On the nature of the Hebrew of Israel’s
periphery. Journal of Jewish Studies 68(1): 137–157. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Horvitz, Miri. 1998.
hebet socyolingwisti šel lšonot šluvot bilšon hasipurim ʕal bney ʕadot hamizraħ –
miqreh ha“ʕivrarvit”
(Sociolinguistic aspect of interwoven languages in stories on oriental Jews – the “Hebrarabic”
case). Am VaSefer 10: 56–73.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Horvitz, Miri. 1999.
guf riʔšon bguf šeni: ʕiyun disqursivi bipsevdo-noxeaħ
(First person in second person: A discursive perusal in pseudo second person). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 2, Rina Ben-Shahar & Gideon Toury (eds.), 75–90. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Isleem, Martin. 2015. Druze linguistic landscape in Israel: Indexicality of new ethnolinguistic identity
boundaries. International Journal of Multilingualism 12(1): 13–30. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Katriel, Tamar. 1986. Talking Straight: Dugri Speech in Israeli Sabra Culture. Cambridge: CUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Katriel, Tamar. 1999. milot mafteaħ: dfusey tarbut wtiqšoret byisraʔel (Israeli Patterns of Culture and Communication). Haifa: Zmora-Bitan & Haifa University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Katriel, Tamar & Griefat, Yusuf. 1988. Cultural borrowings: A sociolinguistic approach. In Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel: Quest in Human Understanding, John E. Hofman (ed.), 301–321. Bristol: Wyndham Hall Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kheimets, Nina & Epstein, Alek D. 2005. Languages of higher education in contemporary Israel. Journal of Educational Administration and History 37(1): 55–70. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Koplewitz, Immanuel. 1992. Arabic in Israel: The sociolinguistic situation of Israel’s Arab minority. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 98(1): 29–66. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kosover, Mordecai. 1966. Arabic Elements in Palestinian Yiddish: The Old Ashkenazic Jewish Community in Palestine, its History and
its Language. Jerusalem: Rubin Mass.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kutscher, Eduard Yechezkel. 1982. A History of the Hebrew Language. Jerusalem: Magnes.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lefkowitz, Daniel. 2004. Words and Stones: The Politics of Language and Identity in Israel [Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics 26]. Oxford: OUP. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Levon, Erez. 2015. ‘The ideal gay man’: Narrating masculinity and national identity in Israel. In Language and Masculinities: Performances, Intersections, Dislocations [Routledge Critical Studies in Discourse 7], Tommaso M. Milani (ed.), 133–155. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Livnat, Zohar. 2006. Gender on-line in Hebrew: New technology, old language. In Gender, Language and New Literacy: A Multilingual Analysis, Eva-Maria Thüne, Simona Leonardi & Carla Bazzanella (eds.), 169–181. London: Continuum![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Livnat, Zohar & Yatziv, Ilil. 2012.
ħilufim funqcionaliyim šel guf, zman umodus bmaʔarag hasiaħ hadavur
(Functional alternations of person, tense and mood in the fabric of spoken discourse). In Studies in Modern Hebrew and the Jewish languages presented to Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald, Malka Muchnik & Tsvi Sadan (eds.), 461–472. Jerusalem: Carmel.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mar’i, Abd al-Rahman. 2013a.
haʕarvit whaʕivrit bamciʔut hayisrʔelit
(Arabic and Hebrew in the Israeli landscape). In Language as Culture: New Perspectives on Hebrew, Yotam Benziman (ed.), 164–181. Jerusalem: Van Leer & Hakibbutz Hameuchad.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mar’i, Abd al-Rahman. 2013b.
ldarxey šiluv haʕarvit basleng hayisrʔeli
(Ways of incorporating Arabic in the Israeli slang). Hed HaUlpan He-Hadash 100: 120–138.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mar’i, Abd al-Rahman. 2016.
Hamdiniyut halšonit klapey halašon haʕarvit byisraʔel bmahalax šiša ʕasorim: beyn
hemšexiyut litmurah
(The linguistic policy towards the Arabic language in Israel throughout six decades: between continuum and
change). Hamizrah Hehadash 56: 85–100.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maschler, Yael. 1991. The language games bilinguals play: Language alternation at language game
boundaries. Language & Communication 11(4): 263–289. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maschler, Yael. 1994. Metalanguaging and discourse markers in bilingual conversation. Language in Society 23(3): 325–366. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maschler, Yael. 1997. Emergent bilingual grammar: The case of contrast. Journal of Pragmatics 28(3): 279–313. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maschler, Yael. 2000. Towards fused dialects: Discourse markers in Hebrew-English bilingual conversation twelve years
later. International Journal of Bilingualism 4(4): 529–561. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maschler, Yael. 2001.
vekeʔilu haraglayim sh’xa nitkaʕot bifnim kaze (‘and like your feet get stuck inside like’):
Hebrew kaze (‘like’), keʔilu (‘like’), and the decline of Israeli
dugri (‘direct’) speech. Discourse Studies 3(3): 295–326. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maschler, Yael. 2002. On the grammaticization of ke’ilu (‘like’, lit. ‘as if’) in Hebrew
talk-in-interaction. Language in Society 31(2): 243–276. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Matras, Yaron & Schiff, Leora. 2005. Spoken Israeli Hebrew revisited: Structures and variation. Studia Semitica: Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement 16 (Jubilee Volume): 145–191.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mendel, Yonatan. 2014. The Creation of Israeli Arabic: Political and Security Considerations in the Making of Arabic Language
Studies in Israel. New York NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mor, Uri & Sichel, Ivy. 2015.
“yeš ħofeš mdinah badibur hazeh”: haʕivrit haylidit whagašaš haħiver
(“There’s freedom of country in this speech”: Native Hebrew and HaGashash HaChiver trio). Carmillim: Journal for the Study of Hebrew and Related Languages 11: 133–182.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Muchnik, Malka. 2015. The Gender Challenge of Hebrew [The Brill Reference Library of Judaism 42]. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Myhill, John. 2004. Language in Jewish Society: Toward a New Understanding [Multilingual Matters 128]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Oppenheimer, Yochai & Bliboim, Rivka. 2013.
yicug hadibur hamizraħi basiporet haʕivrit
(Representation of Mizrahi Sociolect in Hebrew literature). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 6, Rina Ben-Shahar & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 7–25. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Oryan, Shlomit 1997.
lašon cnuʕa – nefeš cnuʕa: dfusey tiqšoret miluliyim bqerev banot wnašim
ħarediyot
(Modest language – humble soul: Speech patterns among Israeli orthodox women and girls). Hebrew Linguistics (Special volume on Sociolinguistics) 41–42: 7–19.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Piamenta, Moshe. 1992. Note on the decay of Jerusalem Judaeo-Arabic under the impact of sociopolitical
transformation. Asian and African Studies 26(1): 81–88.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ravid, Dorit Diskin. 1995. Language Change in Child and Adult Hebrew: A Psycholinguistic Perspective. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ravid, Dorit & Berman, Ruth A. 2006. Information density in the development of spoken and written narratives in English and
Hebrew. Discourse Processes 41(2): 117–149. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ravid, Dorit, Olshtain, Elite & Ze’elon, Rachel. 2003. Gradeschoolers’ linguistic and pragmatic speech adaptation to native and non-native
interlocution. Journal of Pragmatics 35(1): 71–99. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Regev, Zina. 1990.
ʕal mišlabey lašon byisraʔel
(On Israeli language registers). In Hommage to Chaim Rabin: Anthology of Linguistic Research on his attaining the age of 75, Moshe Henry Goshen-Gottstein, Shelomo Morag, Simcha Kogut (eds.), 363–384. Jerusaelm: Akademon.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Regev, Zina. 1997.
hebetim sociolingwistiyim bhitpatħut halašon: maʕaqav aħar lšon misxaqey hayladim
haʕivriyim mitħilat hameʔah haʕesrim wʕad yameynu
(Sociolinguistic aspects in language development: Tracking Hebrew children sounds very bad English from the
beginning of the 20th century to modern times). Helkat Lashon 23: 67–91.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Remennick, Larissa. 2003. From Russian to Hebrew via HebRush: Intergenerational patterns of language use among former Soviet
immigrants in Israel. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 24(5): 431–453. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reshef, Yael. 2002.
“bitšuvah lmixtavo miyom…”: curat hakavod bilšonam šel dovrey haʕivrit btel ʔaviv
bitqufat hamandat
(The Sociolinguistic Phenomenon of V-Form in Early Modern Hebrew). In Speaking Hebrew: Studies in the Spoken Language and in Linguistic Variation in Israel [Te’uda 18], Shlomo Izre’el (ed.), 299–327. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reshef, Yael. 2003.
digmey habħirah haleqsiqalit bazemer haʕivri kgiluy ltahalixim šel rivud
lšoni
(Patterns of lexical choice in the Hebrew folksong as an evidence for stratification processes). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 3, Rina Ben-Shahar & Gideon Toury (eds.), 287–310. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reshef, Yael. 2008a. English in Israel: Sociolinguistic and linguistic aspects. In Il Mio Cuore è a Oriente: Studi di Linguistica Storica, Filologia e Cultura Ebraica dedicati a Maria Mayer
Modena [Quaderni di Acme 101], Franco Aspesi, Vermondo Brugnatelli, Annalinda Callow & Claudia Rosenzweig (eds.), 733–752. Milano: Cisalpino.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reshef, Yael. 2008b.
hazemer, hapizmon whaʕivrit hamduberet: ʕal hištalvutah šel lšon hadibur bamusiqah hapopularit šel
tqufat hayišuv wreʔšit yameyah šel hamdinah
(Folksongs, popular songs and spoken Hebrew: The integration of colloquial language into popular music
during the settlement and early statehood periods). Lešonenu 70: 513–532.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reshef, Yael. 2012. From Hebrew folksong to Israeli song: Language and style in Naomi Shemer’s lyrics. Israel Studies 17(1): 157–179. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reshef, Yael. 2016.
ʕal šoršey haʕivrit hamduberet: tofaʕot hamzuhot ʕim lšon dibur baʕitonut haʕivrit
hamuqdemet
(The origins of spoken Modern Hebrew: Colloquial features in the Early Hebrew press). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 7, Rina Ben-Shahar & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 387–408. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenhouse, Judith. 2008.
haʕarvim byisraʔel: hašpaʕot lšoniyot wdarxey rxišat haʕivrit. (qšarim beyn haʕivrit
whaʕarvit byisraʔel minqudat mabat lšonit)
(Arabs in Israel: Linguistic influences and Hebrew bad english. (Relationships between Hebrew and
Arabic in Israel from a linguistic perspective)). Hed HaUlpan He?Hadash 69: 58–93.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenhouse, Judith. 2013. English influence on Hebrew. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 1, Geoffrey Khan (ed.), 775–787. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenhouse, Judith & Brand, Sara. 2016. Arabic-Hebrew code-switching in the spontaneous speech of Israeli Arab students. In Arabic Varieties: Far and Wide (
Proceedings of the 11
th
International Conference of AIDA
), George Grigore & Gabriel Bițună (eds.), 467–474. Bucharest: Bucharest University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenthal, Ruvik. 2001. hazirah halšonit: dyuqan haʕivrit hayisreʔelit (The Language Arena: Israeli Hebrew profile). Tel Aviv: Am Oved.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenthal, Ruvik. 2006.
milon hasleng hamaqif (Dictionary of Israeli Slang). Jerusalem: Keter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenthal, Ruvik. 2007.
haleqsiqon šel haħayim: safot bamerħav hayisrʔeli
(The lexicon of life: Israeli sociolects and jargon). Jerusalem: Keter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenthal, Ruvik. 2010.
hašpaʕat yocʔey cfon ʔafriqah ʕal haleqsiqon hayisrʔeli
(North-African immigrants’ influence on the Israeli lexicon). Hed HaUlpan He?Hadash 96: 67–72.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rosenthal, Ruvik. 2015. širat hapazamniq: hamilon hacvaʔi haloʔ rišmi (Soldier’s muse: The unofficial dictionary of the Israeli army). Jerusalem: Keter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rubinstein, Aynat, Sichel, Ivy & Tsirkin-Sadan, Avigail. 2015. Superfluous negation in Modern Hebrew and its origins. Journal of Jewish Languages 3(1–2): 165–182. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sa’ar, Amalia. 2007. Masculine talk: On the subconscious use of masculine forms among Hebrew and Arabic-speaking women
in Israel. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 32(2): 405–429. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sagi, Hannah. 1997.
ʕivrit bħotam Yidiš: šinuyim morfo-sintaqtiyim aħadim bilšon hatirgum hasifruti
miyidiš lʕivrit ʕal-pi kitvey šalom ʕaleyxem
(Hebrew with a Yiddish Imprint: Selected Morpho-syntactic Changes in Literary Translations of Sholem
Aleichem from Yiddish to Hebrew). PhD dissertation, Bar-Ilan University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schwarzwald, Ora Rodrigue. 1993.
šqiʕey sfaradit-yhudit baʕivrit haħadašah
[Remnants of Judeo-Spanish in Modern Hebrew]. Pe’amim 56: 33–49.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schwarzwald, Ora Rodrigue. 2013a. Judeo-Spanish Influence on Hebrew. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 2, Geoffrey Khan (ed.), 427–430. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schwarzwald, Ora Rodrigue. 2013b. Modern Hebrew: Language Varieties. In Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Vol. 2, Geoffrey Khan (ed.), 668–682. Leiden: Brill.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schwarzwald, Ora Rodrigue & Shlomo, Sigal. 2015. Modern Hebrew še- and Judeo-Spanish ke- (que-)
in Independent Modal Constructions. In Language Contact and the Development of Modern Hebrew [Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 84], Edit Doron (ed.), 89–100. Leiden: Brill. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sela, Pazit. 2001.
lšonam šel ʕolim ħadašim birʔi sifrut hayladim haʕivrit
(New immigrants’ language in light of Hebrew children’s literature). In Studies in Hebrew and Language Teaching in Honor of Ben Zion Fischler, Ora Rodrigue Schwarzwald & Raphael Nir (eds.), 107–119. Even Yehuda: Reches.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Selinker, Larry. 1972. Interlanguage. IRAL-International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 10(1–4), 209–232.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shlesinger, Yitzchak & Livnat, Zohar. 2001.
lšonan? šel divqiyot harexev (stiqerim): ʕiyun miloni, taħbiri
wsignoni
(Bumper-stickers better without’s I think language: A lexical, syntactical and stylistic study). In Studies in Hebrew and Language Teaching in Honor of Ben Zion Fischler, Ora Rodrigue Schwarzwald & Raphael Nir (eds.), 277–293. Even Yehuda: Reches.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shohamy, Elana & Spolsky, Bernard. 2002.
miħad lšoniyut lrav lšoniyut? mdiniyut haħinux halšoni byisraʔel
(From monolingualism to multilingualism? Educational Language Policy in Israel). In Speaking Hebrew: Studies in the Spoken Language and in Linguistic Variation in Israel [Te’uda 18], Shlomo Izre’el (ed.), 115–128. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shukrun-Nagar, Pnina. 2014. “About 1000 Haredim, members of Ha’eda Haharedit”: Linguistic patterns and rhetorical functions of
generalizations in the Israeli news. Israel Studies 19(3): 154–186. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shukrun-Nagar, Pnina. 2016.
hazaħot socyolektiyot kʔemcaʕi lmicuv retori
(Sociolectal shifting as a means of rhetorical positioning). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 7, Rina Ben-Shahar & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 409–430. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Spolsky, Bernard & Shohamy, Elana. 1999. The Languages of Israel: Policy, Ideology and Practice [Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 17]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stavans, Anat & Goldzweig, Gil. 2008. Learning Hebrew as a second language by Ethiopian and Russian immigrants in Israel: “Must” or
“Have”. Israel Studies in Language and Society 1(2): 59–85.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Talmon, Rafael 2000. Arabic as a minority language in Israel. In Arabic as a Minority Language [Contributions to the Sociology of Language 83], Jonathan Owens (ed.), 199–220. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tannenbaum, Michal & Abugov, Netta. 2010. The legacy of the linguistic fence: Linguistic patterns among ultra-orthodox Jewish
girls. Heritage Language Journal 7(1): 74–90.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tannenbaum, Michal, Abugov, Netta & Ravid, Dorit. 2006. Hebrew-language narratives of Yiddish-speaking ultra-orthodox girls in Israel. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 27(6): 472–490. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Taube, Moshe. 2015. The usual suspects: Slavic, Yiddish, and the accusative existentials and possessives in Modern
Hebrew. Journal of Jewish Languages 3(1–2): 27–37. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Timor, Uri. 1996.
tafqid halašon btahalix haħazarah bitšuvah šel ʕavaryanim
(Language’s role in the process of becoming religious of delinquents). Hebrew Linguistics 40: 67–80.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Timor, Uri & Landau, Rachel. 1998. Discourse characteristics in the sociolect of repentant criminals. Discourse & Society 9(3): 363–386. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Uhlmann, Allon J. 2010. Arabic Instruction in Jewish Schools and in Universities in Israel: Contradictions, subversion, and
the politics of pedagogy. International Journal for Middle East Studies 42(2): 291–309. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Uhlmann, Allon J. 2017. Arabic Instruction in Israel: Lessons in Conflict, Cognition, and Failure [Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia 117]. Leiden: Brill. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Vaisman, Carmel L. 2011. “So fun, muy kef”: Lexical glocalization in Israeli teenage girls’ blogs. Israel Studies in Language and Society 4(1): 160–184.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Vaisman, Carmel L. & Gonen, Ilan. 2011. ʕivit ʔinternetit (Hebrew Online). Jerusalem: Keter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Vidislavsky, Dvora. 1984.
ʔaspeqtim taħbiriyim umiloniyim bilšonam hamduberet šel talmidim mimocaʔ maʕaravi
umimocaʔ mizraħi
(Syntactical and Lexical aspects in the spoken language of Western & Mid-Eastern students). Hebrew Computational Linguistics 21: 10–27.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Weizman, Elda. 2010.
meħsarim bmabat ʔaħer: sugiyah bħeqer hatirgum whašlaxotehah lħeqer halašon
haʕivrit
(A different perspective on translation gaps: An issue in translation studies and its consequences for Hebrew language study). In Hebrew: A Living Language, Vol. 5, Rina Ben-Shahar, Gideon Toury & Nitza Ben-Ari (eds.), 201–217. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad & Porter Institute of Poetic and Semiotics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yaeger-Dror, Malcah. 1988. The influence of changing group vitality on convergence toward a dominant linguistic norm: An
Israeli example. Language & Communication 8(3–4): 285–305. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yaeger-Dror, Malcah. 1993. Linguistic analysis of dialect “correction” and its interaction with cognitive
salience. Language Variation and Change 5(2): 189–224. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yaeger-Dror, Malcah. 1994. Linguistic data solving social psychological questions: The case for (resh) as a measure of ethnic
self-identification. Israel Social Science Research 9(1–2): 109–160.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yitzhaki, Dafna. 2010. The discourse of Arabic language policies in Israel: Insights from focus groups. Language Policy 9(4): 335–356. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zivan, Zeev. 2001.
ʕivrut šmot mqomot banegev
(The Hebraizing of Negev place names). In Facing the Negev, Vol. 1, Gavriel Barkai & Eli Shiller (eds.), 21–26. Jerusaelm: Ariel.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Becker, Israela
2024.
Let my speakers talk: metalinguistic activity can indicate semantic change.
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 20:2
► pp. 289 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Rovira, José María Santos
2022.
When utopias become real.
European Journal of Language Policy 14:1
► pp. 89 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Berman, Ruth & Lyle Lustigman
2020.
Acquisition and Development of Verb/Predicate Chaining in Hebrew.
Frontiers in Psychology 10
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.