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Usage-Based Studies in Modern Hebrew: Background, Morpho-lexicon, and Syntax
Edited by Ruth A. Berman
[Studies in Language Companion Series 210] 2020
► pp. 203–264

Chapter 8
Derivation

 | Tel Aviv University
The chapter reviews derivational morphology in MH, as a domain critical to lexical organization and content, with analyses based largely on empirical psycholinguistic studies and distributional frequencies. Interrelations between derivation and inflection are considered, with derivational processes analyzed as representing one-to-many and many-to-one relations of form and meaning. Four major means of derivation are delineated: non-linear root-pattern affixation, linear suffixation on stems , zero-derivation, and stem or root reduplication. Verbs are analyzed as distinct from nominals (nouns and adjectives), the binyan system of verb conjugations is reevaluated, with a distinction between two subsystems of morphological, semantic, and syntactic interrelations, taking into account the role of benoni present-tense/participials, defective roots, frequency of use, transitivity and voice, and verb semantics. Nouns are analyzed in terms of ontological categories such as Agent, Instrument, Location, and Adjectives are described as basic, verb-derived, and noun-based, and Adverbs are noted as morphologically marginal in MH.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Structural classes of Hebrew derivational morphology
    • 2.1Root and pattern interdigited (non-linear) affixation
      • 2.1.1Types of root structure
    • 2.2Stem plus suffix linear affixation
    • 2.3Zero-derivation
    • 2.4Reduplication
  • 3.Derivational morphology in verbs
    • 3.1Structure and use of binyan patterns
      • 3.1.1Benoni (present tense/participial) patterns
      • 3.1.2The effect of defective roots
      • 3.1.3Binyan distributional frequencies
      • 3.1.4Binyan semantics and syntax
      • 3.1.5Transitivity and voice
      • 3.1.5.1Transitivity in Subsystem I: pa’al, hif’il, huf’al, nif’al.
      • 3.1.5.2Transitivity in Subsystem II: pi’el-pu’al-hitpa’el.
      • 3.1.6Verb temporality
      • 3.1.7Verb semantics (Aktionsart)
      • 3.1.8Overview of binyan semantics and syntax
    • 3.2Derivational verb families
      • 3.2.1Composition of derivational families
      • 3.2.2Family size and semantics
    • 3.3New-verb derivation
  • 4.Derivational morphology in nouns
    • 4.1Ontological categories
      • 4.1.1Agent nouns
      • 4.1.2Instrument nouns
      • 4.1.3Collective and place nouns
      • 4.1.4Derived abstract nominals
      • 4.1.4.1Linear suffixation of abstract nouns
      • 4.1.4.2Action nominals
      • 4.1.4.3Derived abstract nouns in nominal patterns
      • 4.1.5Structure devoid of meaning
    • 4.2Morphophonological facets of noun derivation
      • 4.2.1The effect of defective roots
      • 4.2.2Stem changes under suffixation
  • 5.Derivational morphology in adjectives
    • 5.1Linear formation: Denominal adjectives
    • 5.2Non-linear adjective formation
      • 5.2.1Verb-related adjectives
        • 5.2.1.1Passive resultative patterns
        • 5.2.1.2Non-passive participial adjectives
      • 5.2.2Noun-related adjectives
        • 5.2.2.1Diminutive adjectives
    • 5.2.3Non-productive adjectival structures
  • 6.Adverbial constructions
  • 7.Concluding notes
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 18 March 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.210.09rav
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2024. The complexity of teaching Hebrew in Israel's Arab school system. Language Teaching ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
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