Chapter 4
Not just frequency, not just modality
Production and perception of English semi-modals
We review reduction and contraction in modalizing
expressions of the type V-to-Vinf from the perspective
of production, perception and mental representation. A corpus study of spoken
American English shows reduction/contraction as a continuous process which is
subject to phonological and communicative constraints. Generally, reduction
(articulatory ease) is restricted by a tendency to retain cues to morphological
structure (explicitness). For perception, a word-recognition experiment shows that
listeners use probabilities to cope with reduction; reduction also promotes
‘chunking’, i.e. accessing frequent sequences as single units. The combined evidence
suggests that ‘chunking’, reduction and contraction are not a self-propelled
process, even given high frequency or semantic bleaching. Rather, they are subject
to intuitive negotiations in speaker-hearer interaction. Methodologically, we make a
case for triangulating corpus and experimental data.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Modality, to-infinitives and
V-to-Vinf as a modalizing construction
- 1.2The role of co(n)text: Speech-internal vs. speech-external factors
- 1.3Converging evidence: Production and perception
- 2.Corpus study: Realizations of frequent V-to-Vinf items in
speech
- 2.1
Realizations of have to / used to
- 2.1.1Fricative devoicing
- 2.1.2
/t/-lenition
- 2.2Realizations of trying to / need to
- 3.Experimental study: Chunking and frequency information in speech perception
- 3.1Design and method
- 3.2Results and interpretation
- 4.Synthesis and discussion
- 4.1Not just frequency
- 4.2Not just modality
- 4.3
Converging evidence and the role of reanalysis
- 5.Conclusion
-
Acknowledgments
-
Notes
-
References
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