Cover not available
Part of
Nominal and Pronominal Address in Jamaica and Trinidad: Variation and patterns
Matthias Klumm
[Topics in Address Research 3] 2021
► pp. 243–246

Index

A

  • act of identity 23–24, 127, 158, 201 ; see also identity
  • address formssee terms of address
  • address pronounssee pronominal address
  • age 15–16, 26–27, 30, 32, 41, 43–44, 51, 54–58, 66, 70, 84–85, 93, 96, 99–100, 105–106, 115, 118–121, 123, 129–130, 133–136, 138, 141–143, 145–150, 156–161, 166–167, 173, 175–176, 195–197, 198–199, 205
  • age-grading 84, 100, 136, 145, 147, 196–197
  • aggression 19, 108–109, 183
  • allyuh 18–19, 34–35, 74–80, 178–185, 191, 203, 205 ; see also pronominal address
  • American English 3–4, 9, 14–15, 19, 26–29, 32, 34, 99–100, 106, 126, 128, 134–135, 144–145, 147–149, 174, 193–194, 204–208
  • Americanization 206–208
  • anger 50, 52, 54, 65–66, 70–71, 79–80, 109, 181, 183–184, 191–192
  • anglophone Caribbean 3–7, 9, 16–19, 25–30, 32, 34–35, 47, 51, 57, 62, 67, 74, 88–89, 101, 111, 120, 140, 143, 157, 161–162, 203–207
  • annoyance 79, 117, 165, 181, 183–184
  • apparent-time hypothesis 84, 100, 136, 145, 150, 157, 173, 196
  • ascending generation 17, 31–32, 57, 67–69, 73, 151, 171–177, 193, 201
  • Auntie 32, 121–128, 164, 171, 192, 200–203

B

  • Baby 168–169
  • bare titles 15, 21–22, 25–26, 29, 33, 44–45, 48, 50–53, 55, 56–58, 61–64, 69–71, 97¬–109, 126–127, 132, 189–192, 195–196, 199, 201, 207
  • Boss 27, 47, 72–73, 99, 109–115, 118, 134, 193–194, 198, 202
  • Bossman 27, 110–115, 117–118, 193, 198
  • Boy 30, 49, 56, 70, 155–158, 191, 194, 196–197
  • British English 3–5, 9, 26–27, 29–30, 32, 99–100, 106, 126, 128, 144–145, 148–149, 174, 204–207
  • Bro/Brother 17, 32, 58, 120, 153–154, 158–162, 171, 201–202
  • Brown, P. & Levinson, S. 19–21, 80, 167, 183
  • Brown, R. & Ford, M. 14–16, 29, 134–135, 147, 193
  • Brown, R. & Gilman, A. 14–16, 21, 64, 66, 183

C

  • Caribbeansee anglophone Caribbean
  • Caribbean creoles 4–9, 18–19, 23, 34–35, 39, 122, 179–180, 205 ; see also Jamaican Creolesee also Trinidadian Creole
  • Caribbean English 27, 34–35, 49, 58, 100, 143, 206 ; see also Jamaican Englishsee also Trinidadian English
  • change in progress 84, 136, 150, 158, 190, 196–197
  • Chief 27, 47, 110–115, 117–118, 193, 198
  • contempt 49, 66, 70–71, 73, 106–107
  • creole continuum6
    • acrolect 6, 165
    • basilect 6–8, 118, 165
    • mesolect 6–8, 117
  • creole pronounssee allyuhsee unu

D

  • Dad/Daddy 57, 171–173
  • Darling 168–169
  • Dear 168–169
  • deference 21, 35, 54, 56, 58, 62–63, 71, 73, 78, 97, 119, 126, 133–138, 148–149, 183, 191, 193, 195–196, 198
  • democratization 29, 67, 99–100, 205, 208
  • descending generation 57–58, 66–68, 73, 151, 171, 193
  • discourse completion test (DCT)92

E

  • educational level 85–87, 94
  • Elder 27, 119–120, 133, 193
  • ethnic identity 87–88, 127, 165, 202 ; see also identity
  • ethnicity 87–88, 93, 96, 103–106, 111, 123, 125–128, 161–165, 176–177, 200–202
  • ethnolinguistic repertoire 87–88, 127

F

  • face
    • negative 20–21, 80
    • positive 20–21, 80
  • face-threatening act (FTA) 20–21, 35, 80, 166–167, 183–184
  • familiaritysee under social relationship
  • familiarizers 154–155
  • Family 158–159, 161–165, 192
  • fieldwork 82–96
  • first names (FN) 15, 16, 20–22, 25, 28–31, 44–45, 48–49, 55, 58, 61–62, 64–67, 69, 72–73, 134–139, 148–154, 171–172, 190–193, 196, 198–199, 205, 207
  • FNsee first names
  • formality 14–15, 52, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71–72, 78, 101, 106, 126, 130–133, 142, 150–151, 189–190, 196, 199, 207
  • formal settingsee under situational context
  • forms of addresssee terms of address
  • friendshipsee under social relationship

G

  • gendersee sex
  • generic first names 25–26, 30, 45–46, 48–50, 53, 55–56, 58, 61–62, 64, 66–70, 73, 130, 132, 154–158, 191–194, 196–197
  • geographical mobility 88–90
  • Girl 49, 56, 70
  • good acquaintancesee under social relationship
  • Grandma 57, 125, 174–177
  • Grandpa 57, 174–177, 201
  • Granny 121–127, 174–177, 192, 201

H

  • hierarchic titles 25, 27, 45, 47–48, 53, 55, 61–62, 109–120, 165, 190, 193–194, 196, 198, 202, 204–205, 207
  • honorifics 35, 52, 63–64, 69, 71, 77–79
  • humour 21, 184–185, 191–192

I

  • identity 9, 22–24, 39, 159, 171 ; see also act of identitysee also ethnic identity
  • indirectness 80, 178, 182–184, 191
  • informality 14, 30, 34, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 72, 74, 107, 118, 130–131, 133–134, 137, 139–142, 151, 157, 178, 196–197, 199, 207
  • informal settingsee under situational context
  • interview
    • semi-structured 95–96
    • sociolinguistic 90–91
  • intimacy 14–15, 18, 21, 25, 27, 30–31, 44–45, 54–55, 58–59, 62, 64, 69, 71–73, 130, 134, 140, 142, 149, 151, 193, 195
  • irony 21, 27, 108, 110, 191

J

  • Jamaica
    • history 6–9
    • linguistic development 7, 9
  • Jamaican Creole 7, 9, 39, 74, 96, 178, 181 ; see also Caribbean creoles
  • Jamaican English 47, 99–100, 204, 206–208 ; see also Caribbean English
  • judgment sampling82

K

  • Kingston 89–90, 93, 103, 123, 202
  • kinshipsee under social relationship
  • kinship terms
    • for non-kin 17, 25, 32, 45–46, 53, 58, 67–69, 73, 120–128, 133–134, 158–165, 190–192, 200–202, 204–205
    • for relatives 25, 31–32, 45, 54, 57–58, 73, 171–177, 193, 201–202

L

  • Lady 49, 51–52, 71, 107–109, 190
  • last names (LN) 15, 25, 28, 45–46, 48, 53, 55, 61–62, 65–66, 69, 72, 144–148, 151, 193–194
  • Le Page, R. & Tabouret-Keller, A. 23–24, 127, 201
  • LNsee last names
  • logistic regression94
  • Love 168–169

M

  • Ma 32, 57, 171–175, 201
  • Ma’am 26, 28, 51, 56, 58, 63, 70–71, 97–98, 100–109, 127, 132–133, 189–191, 195, 199–201, 203
  • Mama 32, 57, 172–176, 197
  • Mammy 69, 171–173, 202
  • Man 30, 49, 56, 70, 73, 155–158, 191, 194, 197
  • marital status 26–28, 51, 58, 100, 106, 129–130, 143, 190
  • Master 47, 64, 110–111
  • Miss 26, 28, 51, 56, 58, 63–64, 70–71, 97–98, 100–104, 106–109, 127, 132–133, 189–191, 195–196, 200–201, 207
  • Mister 52–53, 71, 99, 107–109, 190
  • mixed-sex dyads 42, 47–49, 54, 136, 159, 168–169, 194
  • mock respect 63, 70–71
  • Mühleisen, S. 9, 16–19, 35, 65, 75, 77, 79–80, 140–141, 143, 162, 178, 181–185, 199, 203–204
  • Mum/Mummy 57, 58, 67–69, 171–173, 197

N

  • Nana 174–177, 201
  • Nani 174–177, 201
  • Neighbour 130–132
  • neighbourhood settingsee under situational context
  • nicknames 24–25, 30–31, 40, 45, 48, 53–55, 58, 61–62, 64–65, 146, 166, 191, 193, 195, 197
  • nominal address 1–3, 13–18, 24–33, 44–73, 97–177
  • non-reciprocal address usage 14–15, 65, 134
  • non-standard (varieties of) English 7, 18, 27, 34–35, 39, 107

O

  • occupation 85–87, 94, 134
  • occupational status 15, 134–138, 196

P

  • Pa 57, 172–177, 201
  • Papa 172–177
  • playfulness 64, 71–72, 109, 166
  • politeness 14, 20–21, 25, 35, 78, 80, 101, 106–107, 148, 150, 167, 182–183, 208
    • negative 21, 191
    • positive 20–21
  • power 14–15, 20–22
  • prestige 101–102, 137, 151, 199
  • private settingsee under situational context
  • pronominal address 1–2, 14, 18–19, 33–35, 74–80, 178–185 see also allyuhsee also unu
    • T pronoun 14–16, 22
    • V pronoun 14–16, 22, 78–79, 183
  • public settingsee under situational context

Q

  • questionnaire 91–95, 237–241

R

  • reciprocal address usage 14–15, 144, 149, 151, 205
  • region 88–90, 93, 96, 103, 111, 115, 123, 128, 161, 167, 202
  • respect 17–18, 21, 26–27, 31–32, 52, 55–56, 58, 67, 69–73, 78, 97–139, 141–142, 164–165, 171–177, 183, 189–191, 193, 195–196, 199, 205, 207–208
  • rural areas 88–90, 103, 119, 128, 161, 171–172, 202

S

  • same-sex dyads 42, 47–49, 50–51, 53, 136, 159, 168–169, 194–195
  • sample stratification 82–90
  • sarcasm 106–108, 191–192
  • school settingsee under situational context
  • seniority 32, 55–56, 67–68, 119, 121, 126, 133–140, 142, 148–149, 164, 195–196, 198–199, 205
  • sex 26–28, 30, 41–43, 46–54, 83–84, 93, 96, 99–101, 109, 111–114, 116–117, 121, 123, 131, 135–136, 143–144, 147, 156, 159, 165, 167–170, 175, 194–195
  • Sir 26, 52–53, 57, 97–100, 107–109, 118–119, 130–131, 189–191, 193
  • Sis/Sister 17, 32, 58, 68, 120, 152–154, 158–162, 171, 201–202
  • situational context 3, 16, 19–21, 25–27, 31, 71, 130, 178, 184, 189–191, 204
    • formal 26, 78, 98, 101, 103, 107, 109, 119–120, 140, 179–180, 184, 189, 191
    • informal 27, 30, 52, 64, 71, 73–74, 107, 109, 116, 118–120, 126, 130, 132, 140, 142, 164, 178–179, 184, 189–191
    • neighbourhood 20, 59, 126, 130–133, 141–142
    • private 74, 178–179, 189–191
    • public 6, 29, 98, 103, 109, 120, 180, 184, 189–191
    • school 5, 28, 98, 100–101, 119, 145, 147, 189
    • university 26, 29–30, 140, 145–147
    • workplace 98, 111, 130, 134–139, 147–151, 199
  • slight acquaintancesee under social relationship
  • social class 85–87, 93–94, 96, 101–102, 104, 109, 114–115, 118, 122–123, 137, 150–151, 153–154, 156, 158, 162, 165, 198–200
  • social desirability effect 91, 102, 137, 200
  • social distance 20–22, 25–26, 32, 46, 64, 68–71, 97–139, 144, 146, 158, 190, 205, 208
    • horizontal 22, 26, 45, 62–63, 69, 98–99, 116, 123, 134, 139–143, 147, 149, 151, 154, 192–193, 200
    • vertical 22, 26, 54–55, 98–99, 109, 114–115, 119–120, 134, 139–143, 147, 149, 195–196, 198–199
  • social relationship
    • familiarity 14, 21–22, 25, 30, 32, 62, 64, 67–69, 73, 98, 101, 108, 117, 138–140, 142, 144–170, 190–191, 193
    • friendship 30, 32, 43, 61–64, 67, 69–71, 115–117, 123–124, 144, 146, 148–149, 151, 158–164, 178–181, 183–184, 192–193, 201
    • good acquaintance 43, 59–62, 65, 67–68, 72, 123–126, 149, 159–160, 162–164, 171, 192
    • kinship 30–32, 43, 45–46, 57–58, 61–63, 66–67, 70, 73, 151, 170–177, 179–181, 193, 195, 201
    • slight acquaintance 43–44, 46, 59–65, 67–73, 123–125, 159–160, 162–165, 192
    • unfamiliarity 43–44, 46, 51–52, 61–64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 98, 108–109, 115–120, 123–127, 159–160, 162–165, 180, 190, 192–193, 200–201
  • solidarity 14–15, 17, 21–22, 27, 30, 44–45, 47, 64, 68, 73, 117, 120–121, 144–170, 191, 193
  • standard (varieties of) English 4–9, 18, 33–34, 205–206
  • superiority 27, 109–110, 119, 146, 195
  • Sweetheart 168–169

T

  • Tantie 32, 121–126, 128
  • terms of abuse 21, 25, 30–31, 40, 45, 53–54, 64–65, 166–168, 191, 194–195, 197
  • terms of address
    • definition and functions 1–3
    • marked 16, 24, 65, 101, 107, 118, 142, 180, 184
    • nominalsee nominal address
    • previous research 13–19
    • pronominalsee pronominal address
  • terms of endearment 21–22, 25, 30–31, 40, 45, 53–54, 58, 64–65, 168–170, 191, 193–195
  • TFNsee titles plus first name
  • titlessee bare titlessee hierarchic titles
  • titles plus abbreviated last name 72, 139–140
  • titles plus first name (TFN) 18, 25, 28–29, 45–48, 55–56, 61–62, 65, 72–73, 135, 139–143, 190, 196, 198–199, 203, 204, 207
  • titles plus last name (TLN) 15–16, 22, 25, 27–30, 44–46, 48, 54–58, 61–66, 69–71, 78, 128–133, 135–139, 142, 148–151, 192, 195–196, 199–200, 205, 207
  • TLNsee titles plus last name
  • Tobago7
  • Trinidad
    • history 7–9
    • linguistic development 8–9
  • Trinidadian Creole 8–9, 39, 96, 178 ; see also Caribbean creoles
  • Trinidadian English 99, 206–208 ; see also Caribbean English
  • Trinidadians
    • of African descent 88, 93, 103–106, 111, 123, 125, 127, 133, 161–163, 172–173, 176–177, 200–201
    • of East Indian descent 88, 93, 103–106, 111, 123, 125, 127, 133, 161–163, 172–173, 176–177, 200–201
    • of mixed ethnic descent 88, 93, 104–106, 111, 123, 125, 133, 161–163, 172, 176–177, 200–202

U

  • Uncle 17, 32, 57, 126–127
  • unfamiliaritysee under social relationship
  • university settingsee under situational context
  • unu 18–19, 34–35, 74–76, 78–80, 178–185, 191, 203, 205, 207 ; see also pronominal address
  • urban areas 88–90, 111, 118–119, 128, 161, 171–172, 202

V

  • vagueness 183–184
  • variation in address behaviour 1, 3, 15–16, 48, 53–54, 56, 58, 62, 68–70, 73, 76, 99, 103–104, 112, 114–115, 120, 125, 131, 133, 135, 162, 171, 189–202, 204
  • variationist sociolinguistics 16, 91
  • vocativessee nominal address

W

  • Woman 49–50, 73
  • workplace settingsee under situational context
  • written questionnairesee questionnaire

Y

  • you all 35, 179
Published online: 13 September 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.3.index