List of figures
Figure 1.1Map of the Caribbean basin with English-speaking countries highlighted in grey4
Figure 4.1Use of Sir, Miss, and Ma’am in Questions A7a, A7e, and A7f98
Figure 4.2Use of Sir in Question A1 across quinquennial age groups100
Figure 4.3Use of Ma’am in Question A7f according to the respondents’ social class102
Figure 4.4Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A2103
Figure 4.5Trinidadian informants’ use of Miss and Ma’am in Question A2 according to their ethnic background104
Figure 4.6Trinidadian informants’ use of Ma’am towards three age groups according to their ethnic background105
Figure 4.7Use of hierarchic titles in Question A13110
Figure 4.8Use of Boss, Bossman, and Chief in Question A13 according to the respondents’ sex111
Figure 4.9Use of Boss, Bossman, and Chief towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13112
Figure 4.10Jamaican informants’ use of Boss towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13a113
Figure 4.11Jamaican informants’ use of Bossman towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13b113
Figure 4.12Jamaican informants’ use of Chief towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13d114
Figure 4.13Trinidadian informants’ use of Bossman towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13b115
Figure 4.14Use of hierarchic titles in three different types of relationship between speaker and addressee116
Figure 4.15Use of Tantie, Auntie, and Granny in Questions A8a, A8b, and A8c121
Figure 4.16Jamaican informants’ use of Tantie in Question A8a according to their social class122
Figure 4.17Use of Tantie, Auntie, and Granny towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers in Question A8124
Figure 4.18Use of Mister + LN, Miss + LN, and Missis + LN towards three age groups in Questions A7d, A7g, and A7h129
Figure 4.19Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A3131
Figure 4.20Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A4132
Figure 4.21Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A5135
Figure 4.22Jamaican informants’ use of TLN and FN in Question A5 according to their age136
Figure 4.23Trinidadian informants’ use of TLN and FN in Question A5 according to their social class137
Figure 4.24Jamaican informants’ use of LN in Question A9 according to their age145
Figure 4.25Functions of LN according to Question A9146
Figure 4.26Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A6149
Figure 4.27Jamaican informants’ use of FN and TLN in Question A6 according to their age150
Figure 4.28Trinidadian informants’ use of FN and TLN in Question A6 according to their social class151
Figure 4.29Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their daughter152
Figure 4.30Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their son152
Figure 4.31Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their sister152
Figure 4.32Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their brother153
Figure 4.33Jamaican informants’ use of FN and Brother/Sister towards siblings according to their social class154
Figure 4.34Trinidadian informants’ use of FN and Brother/Sister towards siblings according to their social class154
Figure 4.35Use of Man and Boy in Questions A7b and A7c155
Figure 4.36Jamaican informants’ use of Man and Boy in Questions A7b and A7c according to their social class156
Figure 4.37Jamaican informants’ use of Man and Boy in Questions A7b and A7c according to their age157
Figure 4.38Trinidadian informants’ use of Man and Boy in Questions A7b and A7c according to their age158
Figure 4.39Use of Brother and Sister towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers in Questions A8g and A8h160
Figure 4.40Jamaican informants’ use of Brother and Sister towards friends and good acquaintances according to their age160
Figure 4.41Use of Family towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers in Question A8d163
Figure 4.42Trinidadian informants’ use of Family towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers according to their ethnicity163
Figure 4.43Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of nicknames in Question A10 according to their age166
Figure 4.44Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of terms of abuse in Question A11 according to their age167
Figure 4.45Use of terms of abuse in Question A11a across same-sex and mixed-sex dyads168
Figure 4.46Jamaican informants’ use of Darling, Dear, Baby, Sweetheart, and Love in Question A12 across same-sex and mixed-sex dyads169
Figure 4.47Trinidadian informants’ use of Darling, Dear, Baby, Sweetheart, and Love in Question A12 across same-sex and mixed-sex dyads169
Figure 4.48Jamaican informants’ use of terms of endearment towards different types of addressee in Question A12b170
Figure 4.49Trinidadian informants’ use of terms of endearment towards different types of addressee in Question A12b170
Figure 4.50Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their mother in Question A14a172
Figure 4.51Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their father in Question A14c172
Figure 4.52Jamaican informants’ use of Mum(my) and Mama in Question A14a according to their age173
Figure 4.53Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their (maternal) grandmother in Question A14i174
Figure 4.54Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their (maternal) grandfather in Question A14j174
Figure 4.55Jamaican informants’ use of Mama and Papa in Questions A14a, A14i, and A14j according to their age176
Figure 4.56Trinidadian informants’ use of Granny, Grandma, and Nani in Question A14i according to their ethnicity177
Figure 4.57Trinidadian informants’ use of Grandpa, Papa, Pa, and Nana in Question A14j according to their ethnicity177
Figure 4.58Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of unu and allyuh towards different types of addressee180