When writers of literary prose adopt a new language—a phenomenon known as exophony—this often leads them to mould the new language until it becomes suitable for their purposes, in a manner analogous to the strategies of appropriation observed in post-colonial literatures (Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin 1989). This process often results in a defamiliarisation of the new language through stylistic innovation, which, in turn, has implications for the translation of these texts. This article, influenced by Berman’s ‘analytique négative’ (1985), proposes a series of guidelines for the translation of exophonic texts and illustrates these with examples taken from German exophonic prose texts by Franco Biondi, Emine Sevgi Özdamar and Yoko Tawada.
Arndt, Susan, Dirk Naguschewski and Robert Stockhammer. 2007. Exophonie. Berlin: Kulturverlag Kadmos.
Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. 1989/2002. The Empire Writes Back, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.
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Berman, Antoine. 1985. “La traduction comme épreuve de l’étranger”. Texte 41. 67–81.
Biondi, Franco. 1979. nicht nur gastarbeiterdeutsch. Gedichte. Self-published.
Biondi, Franco. 1995. “Über Obrigkeitsdeutsch und Pluralität in der Sprache”. Tagungsprotokoll der Evangelischen Akademie Iserlohn 61. 18–23.
Biondi, Franco. 1997. In deutschen Küchen. Frankfurt am Main: Brandes & Apsel.
Biondi, Franco and Schami Rafik. 1981. “Literatur der Betroffenheit: Bemerkungen zur Gastarbeiterliteratur”. Christian Schaffernicht, ed. Zu Hause in der Fremde: Ein bundesdeutsches Ausländer-Lesebuch. Fischerhude: Atelier im Bauernhaus, 1981. 124–136.
Bischoff, Detlef and Werner Teubner. 1990. Zwischen Einbürgerung und Rückkehr: Ausländerpolitik und Ausländerrecht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Berlin: Hitit.
Boa, Elizabeth. 2006. “Özdamar’s Autobiographical Fictions: Trans-National Identity and Literary Form”. German Life and Letters 59: 4. 526–539.
Boase-Beier, Jean. 2006. Stylistic Approaches to Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome. [Translation Theories Explored, 10.]
Brodsky, Joseph. 2000. Collected Poems in English. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Dayıoğlu-Yücel, Yasemin. 2005. Von der Gastarbeit zur Identitätsarbeit. Integritätsverhandlungen in türkischen-deutschen Texten von Şenocak, Özdamar, Ağaoğlu und der Online-Community vaybee! Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen.
Durrell, Martin. 2002. Hammer’s German Grammar and Usage, 4th edn. London: Hodder Arnold.
Ghaussy, Sohelia. 1999. “Das Vaterland verlassen: Nomadic Language and “Feminine Writing” in Emine Sevgi Özdamar’sDas Leben ist eine Karawanserei”. German Quarterly 72:1. 1–16.
Horrocks, David and Eva Kolinsky, eds. 1996. Turkish Culture in German Society Today. Oxford: Berghahn.
Konuk, Kader. 1997. “Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei: Heim-at bei Emine Sevgi Özdamar”. Gisela Ecker, ed. Kein Land in Sicht: Heimat-weiblich? München: Fink, 1997. 143–157.
Kotsaftis, Maria. 2001. “Fighting Writing: The Unruly Literary Stiefkind Franco Biondi”. The German Quarterly 74:1. 67–79.
Kraenzle, Christina. 2004. Mobility, space and subjectivity: Yoko Tawada and German-language transnational literature. PhD diss., University of Toronto, Canada.
Lecercle, Jean-Jacques. 1990. The Violence of Language. London: Routledge.
Ortega, Julio. 1988. “Exchange System in One Hundred Years of Solitude.” Julio Ortega, ed. Gabriel García Márquez and the Powers of Fiction, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988. 1–16.
Özdamar, Emine Sevgi (1992/1994) Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei. Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch.
Özdemir, Cem. 1999. Currywurst und Döner: Integration in Deutschland. Bergisch Gladbach: Gustav Lübbe.
Reeg, Ulrike. 1995. “Zwischen Italien und Deutschland. Die Vermittlung von ‘Raum’ und ‘Zeit’ in den neueren Werken italienischer Autorinnen und Autoren in Deutschland”. Caroline Lüderssen and Salvatore A. Sanna, eds. Letteratura de-centrata. Italienische Autorinnen und Autoren in Deutschland. Frankfurt am Main: Moritz Diesterweg, 1995. 27–43.
Scott, Clive. 2000. Translating Baudelaire. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
Sofronieva, Tzveta. 2009. “Korrespondenz mit Kappus”. Manuskripte 1851. 105–114.
Stockwell, Peter. 2000. “Sur(real) Stylistics: From Text to Contextualizing”. Tony Bex and Michael Burke and Peter Stockwell, eds. Contextualized Stylistics. Rodopi: Amsterdam, 2000. 15–38.
Storm, Hiroko. 2003. A Handbook of Japanese Grammar. München: LINCOM.
Venuti, Lawrence. 1995. The Translator’s Invisibility. London: Routledge.
Venuti, Lawrence. 1998. The Scandals of Translation. London: Routledge.
Von Flotow, Luise. 2000. “Life is a Caravanserai: Translating Translated Marginality, a Turkish-German Zwittertext in English”. Meta 45:1. 65–72.
Von Saalfeld, Lerke. 1998. Ich habe eine fremde Sprache gewählt. Gerlingen: Bleicher.
Wright, Chantal. 2006. “Foreignising German, Foreignising Translation. Style in Emine Sevgi Özdamar’s Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei and Die Brücke vom Goldenen Horn”. Nigel Armstrong and Federico Federici, eds. Translating Voices, Translating Regions. Roma: Aracne, 2006. 271–286.
Wright, Chantal. 2008a. “ ‘Bringt Poesie in unsere Städte!’ Obrigkeitsdeutsch and Exophonic Literature”. Kakanien Revisited, 24June. [URL] (accessed February 24, 2010).
Wright, Chantal. 2008b. “Writing in the ‘grey zone’: Exophonic literature in contemporary Germany”. GfL—German as a Foreign Language3:2008. 26–42. [URL] (accessed February 24, 2010).
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