List of Tables
2.1Data used48
2.2Data groups for quantitative analyses49
2.3Distribution (in percentage) of forms in the prenominal position (total for all sessions, and maximum and minimum values), by MLU group53
2.4Distribution (in percentage) of forms in the preverbal position (total for all sessions, and maximum and minimum values), by MLU group54
2.5Percentages of unexpected realizations of /l/ in lexical words and in prenominal fillers, across all sessions61
2.6Percentage of unexpected realizations of /ʒ/ in lexical words and in preverbal fillers62
2.7Distribution (in percentage) of the noun and verb lemmas according to the types of occurrences in the prelexical position (total for all sessions, and maximum and minimum values)66
2.8Distribution (in percentage) of noun and verb lemmas associated (or not) to fillers, according to whether or not fluctuation was present in the prenominal and preverbal positions67
2.9Regression tables for clitic pronouns, fillers and no-form in pre-verbal position71
3.1Participants, by MLU group, age and number of sessions86
3.2Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions for each MLU group88
3.3Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each syntactic function90
3.4Distribution of referring expressions (in percentage) for each type of referent91
3.5Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each attentional and discursive status93
3.6Regression tables for strong referring expressions (nouns, strong demonstrative pronouns, strong personal pronouns)95
3.7Regression tables for weak referring expressions (clitic personal pronouns, fillers, and null forms)100
4.1Distribution of referring expressions (in percentage) by their position in the referential chain, their syntactic function, the referent’s characteristics, and the child’s age, for all participants pooled123
4.2Distribution (in percentage) of determiners preceding a noun according to their position in the referential chain and the referent’s characteristics124
4.3Regression tables for clitic and strong third-person pronouns and nouns127
5.1Type of referring expression, by population and position in the referential chain (group percentage)148
5.2Regression tables for clitic pronouns, nouns without a determiner, and null subjects151
6.1Distribution (in percentage) of the prosodic contours of the referring expressions used by the children and their mothers, by position in the referential chain177
6.2Distribution (in percentage) of left dislocations, right dislocations, and double dislocations for noun, demonstrative and strong personal pronouns dislocated forms used by the children and their mothers178
6.3Distribution (in percentage) of dislocations by position in the referential chain, used by the children and their mothers180
6.4Distribution (in percentage) of all referring expressions by position in the referential chain, used by the children and their mothers180
6.5Number of occurrences of prosodic contours in left dislocations and right dislocations, produced by the children and their mothers181
6.6Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions for all complements and for Mettre+X, Vouloir+X, and C’est+X, used by the children and their mothers184
6.7Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions according to their position in the referential chain, for all complements, Mettre+X, Vouloir+X, and C’est+X, used by the children and their mothers186
6.8Distribution (in percentage) of common nouns, according to their position in the referential chain, for all complements, Mettre+X, Vouloir+X, and C’est+X, used by the children and their mothers188
6.9Distribution (in percentage) of clitic pronouns used by the children and their mothers, according to their position in the referential chain for all complements of Mettre+X, and Vouloir+X
190
7.1Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions for the children and their interlocutors206
7.2Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each attentional and discursive status of the referents, for the children and their interlocutors208
7.3Regression tables for third-person clitic pronouns, nouns, and strong demonstrative pronouns for all referring expressions used by the children and their interlocutors209
7.4Distribution (in percentage) of children’s referring expressions for discourse-given referents, according to their correspondence with the form used by their interlocutors215
7.5Distribution (in percentage) of children’s referring expressions for discourse-given referents, according to their correspondence category of interlocutor’s antecedents215
7.6Regression tables for third-person clitic pronouns, nouns, and strong demonstrative pronouns for discourse-given referring expressions in the children’s discourse216
7.7Distribution (in percentages) of the children’s referring expressions for given referents, according to the type of dialogical relations217
8.1Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expression categories in the Adult-to-Experimenter and Mother-to-Child contexts, by position in the referential chain244
8.2Overall distribution (in percentage) of NPs (simple and dislocated) in first mentions, in the Adult-to-Experimenter and Mother-to-Child contexts245
8.3Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions categories in Home and School contexts, by position in the referential chain249
8.4Distribution (in percentage) of dislocations in Home and School contexts250
8.5Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions categories for mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with DLD, by position in the referential chain253
9.1Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions used by the toddlers, in each activity and for all activities pooled269
9.2Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions used by the older group, for each activity and for all activities pooled270
9.3Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions produced by the older children, for each social setting and for both settings taken together272
9.4Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions used by the toddler group at each position in the referential chain, for all activities pooled and for each activity taken separately273
9.5Distribution (in percentage) of the referring expressions used by the older children in the two acitvities, and at each position in the referential chain275
9.6Regression tables for nouns used by the older children277
9.7Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions at each position in the referential chain, for the two social settings pooled and for each setting taken separately (home vs. school)278
10.1Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for the two corpora297
10.2Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions in the discursive sequences of the toddler corpus298
10.3Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each utterance genre among the toddlers (with H&N and Nar pooled)298
10.4Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each position in the referential chain in the toddler corpus (with H&N and Nar pooled)299
10.5Regression tables for third-person pronouns, nouns, clitic demonstrative pronouns and strong demonstrative pronouns in the toddler corpus (Nar and H&N sequences)301
10.6Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each utterance genre in the narrative sequences for the two corpora taken together304
10.7Distribution (in percentage) of referring expressions for each position in the referential chain, in narrative sequences (for the two corpora pooled)305
10.8Regression tables for third-person pronouns, nouns, clitic demonstrative pronouns and strong demonstrative pronouns in the narrative sequences of the toddlers and the older children306