On the cognitive indivisibility of translation acts and events
Ricardo Muñoz Martín | PETRA Research Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
In a recent article, Chesterman (2013) elaborates on Toury’s (2012) distinction between ‘translation acts’ (cognitive process) and ‘translation events’ (sociological process), and adds a third, superordinate level of ‘translation practices’ (cultural, historical, anthropological). Such successively nested models seem intuitively correct when applied to categorizing different approaches within translation studies. However, when used within cognitive and psycholinguistic approaches, such categories are found to lead to flawed reasoning. When Chesterman’s proposal is considered from perspectives such as the level of abstraction and the dynamicity of the models, many examples provided as illustration turn out to be misleading. The bulk of such errors points to an implicit notion of cognition which is contested by a growing number of researchers within translation process research: a view of thought as an internal, neutral, and logical brain process, mainly focused on problem-solving.
Alves, Fabio. 1995. Zwischen Schweigen und Sprechen: Wie bildet sich eine transkulturelle Brücke? Eine Analyse von Übersetzungsvorgängen zwischen portugiesischen und brasilianischen Übersetzern. Hamburg: Dr. Kovač.
Alves, Fabio, and Daniel Couto Vale. 2009. “Probing the Unit of Translation in Time: Aspects of the Design and Development of a Web Application for Storing, Annotating, and Querying Translation Process Data.” Across Languages and Cultures 10 (2): 251–273.
Bly, Robert. 1984. “The Eight Stages of Translation.” In Translation. Literary, Linguistic and Philosophical Perspectives, edited by William Frawley, 67–89. Newark: University of Delaware Press.
Carl, Michael. 2012. “A Computational Cognitive Model of Human Translation Processes.” In Emerging Applications of Natural Language Processing: Concepts and New Research, edited by Sivaji Bandyopadhyay, Sudip K. Naskar, and Asif Ekbal, 110–128. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Carl, Michael, and Martin Kay. 2011. “Gazing and Typing Activities during Translation: A Comparative Study of Translation Units of Professional and Student Translators.” Meta 56 (4): 952–975.
Chesterman, Andrew. 2013. “Models of what processes?” Translation and Interpreting Studies 8 (21): 155–168.
de Kleer, Johan, and John Seely Brown. 1983. “Assumptions and Ambiguities in Mechanistic Mental Models.” In Mental Models, edited by D. Gentner and A.S. Stevens, 270–287. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Durkheim, Émile. [1885] 1982. “What is a Social Fact?” In The Rules of the Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and its Method, edited by Steven Lukes and translated by W.D. Halls, 50–59. New York: Free Press.
Ehrensberger-Dow, Maureen, and Gary Massey. 2014. “Translators and Machines: Working Together.” In
Man vs. Machine? Vol. I. Proceedings of the IFT 20th World Congress
, edited by Wolfram Baur, Brigitte Eichner, Sylvia Kalina, Norma Keßler, Felix Mayer and Jeannette Ørsted, 109–207. Berlin: BDÜ.
Enríquez Raído, Vanessa. 2014. Translation and Web Searching. New York: Routledge.
Ericsson, K. Anders, and Herbert A. Simon. 1980. “Verbal Reports as Data.” Psychological Review 87 (3): 215–251.
Gentner, Dedre, and Donald R. Gentner. 1983. “Flowing Waters or Teeming Crowds: Mental Models of Electricity.” In Mental Models, edited by Dedre Gentner and Albert L. Stevens, 99–129. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Gile, Daniel. 1999. “Testing the Effort Models’ Tightrope Hypothesis in Simultaneous Interpreting—A Contribution.” Hermes 231: 153–172.
Koskinen, Kaisa. 2008. Translating Institutions. An Ethnographic Study of EU Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Krings, Hans P. 1986. Was in den Köpfen von Übersetzern vorgeht: eine empirische Untersuchung zur Struktur des Übersetzungsprozesses an fortgeschrittenen Französischlernern. Tubingen: Narr.
Law, John. 1992. “Notes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy and Heterogeneity.” Systems Practice 51: 379–393.
Lederer, Marianne. 2003. Translation. The Interpretive Model, 2nd ed. Trans. by Ninon Larché. London: Routledge.
Leppihalme, Ritva. 1997. Culture Bumps. An Empirical Approach to the Translation of Allusions. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Levinson, Stephen C. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Levý, Jiří. 1967. “Translation as a decision process.” In To Honor Roman Jakobson, Vol. 21. The Hague: Mouton, 1171–1182 (reprinted in English and translated into Portuguese by Gustavo Althoff and Cristiane Vidal in 2012. Scientia Traductionis, 11: 72–96).
Lörscher, Wolfgang. 1991. Translation Performance, Translation Process and Translation Strategies. Tübingen: Narr.
Massey, Gary, and Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow. 2011. “Investigating Information Literacy: A Growing Priority in Translation Studies.” Across Languages and Cultures 12 (2): 193–211.
Mayoral Asensio, Roberto, and Ricardo Muñoz Martín. 1997. “Estrategias Comunicativas en la Traducción Intercultural” [Communicative Strategies in Intercultural Translation]. In Aproximaciones a los estudios de traducción, edited by P. Fernández Nistal and J.M. Bravo Gozalo, 143–192. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid.
Muñoz Martín, Ricardo. 2009. “Typos & Co.” In Behind the Mind. Methods, models and results in the translation process research, edited by Susanne Göpferich, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen and Inger M. Mees, 167–189. Copenhague: Samfundslitteratur Press.
Nida, Eugene A. 1969. “Science of Translating.”Language 45 (3): 483–498.
Nord, Christiane. 1991. Text Analysis in Translation. Theory, Method, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-Oriented Text Analysis. Trans. by Christiane Nord and Penelope Sparrow. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Presas Corbella, Marisa, and Celia Martín de León. 2014. “The Role of Implicit Theories in the Non-Expert Translation Process.” In Minding Translation / Con la traducción en mente, MonTI Special Issue 1, edited by Ricardo Muñoz Martín, 273–302. Alicante: Universidad de Alicante.
Reiß, Katharina, and Hans J. Vermeer. 1984. Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Risku, Hanna. 2014. “Translation Process Research as Interaction Research: From Mental to Socio-Cognitive Processes.” In Minding Translation / Con la traducción en mente, MonTI Special Issue 1, edited by Ricardo Muñoz Martín, 331–353. Alicante: Universidad de Alicante.
Risku, Hanna, Regina Rogl, and Christina Pein-Weber. 2016. “Mutual Dependencies: Centrality in Translation Networks.” JosTrans 251: 232–253.
Seleskovitch, Danica. 1978. “Language and Cognition.” In Language Interpretation and Communication, edited by David Gerver and Wallace H. Sinaiko, 333–342. New York: Plenum Press.
2023. The impact of linguistic metaphor on translation unit in target text processing: An eye tracking and keylogging English-Chinese translation study. Ampersand 11 ► pp. 100129 ff.
Sun, Sanjun, Ricardo Muñoz Martín & Defeng Li
2021. Introduction: One More Step Forward—Cognitive Translation Studies at the Start of a New Decade. In Advances in Cognitive Translation Studies [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 november 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.