This paper discusses the category of egophoricity in Wutun. Drawing from first-hand field material, I show how markers of egophoricity in Wutun interact with person. In the introductory section, I provide basic information on the Wutun language and on its areal context, typological profile and verb structure. I then introduce Wutun basic egophoric morphology and discuss manipulations of the basic system. It will be shown that pragmatic factors like volitionality, mirativity, the speaker’s degree of certainty concerning the truth value of the statement, and the speaker’s expectations of access to information by the addressee play significant roles in the interaction between egophoricity and person in Wutun. Finally, I discuss egophoricity in Wutun as an areal feature and suggest some possible diachronic sources for egophoricity markers.
Article outline
1.Introduction
1.1The Wutun language and the Amdo Sprachbund
1.2Typological profile
1.3Verb structure
2.The egophoricity system
2.1The basic system
2.2The egophoricity system and reported evidentiality
3.Manipulations of the basic system
3.1Ego evidentiality and non-first persons
3.2Sensory-inferential evidentiality and first person
3.3Factual evidentiality in first person statements and question-answer sequences
4.Egophoricity in Wutun from diachronic and areal perspective
2004Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bickel, Balthasar
2000Introduction: Person and evidence in Himalayan languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(2): 1–11.
Bickel, Balthasar
2008Verb agreement and epistemic marking: A typological journey from the Himalayas to the Caucasus. In Chomolangma, Demawend und Kasbek: Festschrift für Roland Bielmeier zu seinem 65. Geburtstag, Brigitte Huber, Marianne Volkart, Paul Widmer & Peter Schwieger (eds), 1–14. Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
Chen, Naixiong
1986Guanyu Wutunhua (An outline of Wutun linguistic structure). Journal of Asian and African Studies 31: 33–52.
Chen, Naixiong
1988Wutunhua Yinxi. Minzu Yuwen 3: 1–10.
Chen, Naixiong
1989Wutunhua de Dongci Xingtai. Minzu Yuwen 6: 26–37.
Creissels, Denis
2008Remarks on so-called “conjunct/disjunct” systems. In Proceedings of Syntax of the World’s Languages III. Berlin, 25–28 September.
Curnow, Timothy Jowan
2002Conjunct/disjunct marking in Awa Pit. Linguistics 40(3): 611–627.
DeLancey, Scott
1986Evidentiality and volitionality in Tibetan. In Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology [Advances in Discourse Processes 20], Wallace Chafe & Johanna Nichols (eds), 203–213. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
DeLancey, Scott
1990Ergativity and the cognitive model of event structure in Lhasa Tibetan. Cognitive Linguistics 1: 289–321.
DeLancey, Scott
1992The historical status of the conjunct/disjunct pattern in Tibeto-Burman. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 25: 39–62.
DeLancey, Scott
1997Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information. Linguistic Typology 1: 33–52.
2007View with a view: Towards a typology of multiple perspective. Proceedings from Berkeley Linguistics Society 1: 93–120. Berkeley, CA: University of California.
Fried, Robert Wayne
2010A Grammar of Bao’an Tu, a Mongolic Language of Northwest China. PhD dissertation, The University of Buffalo, State University of New York.
Garrett, Edward J.
2001Evidentiality and Assertion in Tibetan. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Georg, Stefan
2003Huzhu Mongghul. In The Mongolic Languages [Routledge Language Family Series 5], Juha Janhunen (ed.). 286-306London: Routledge.
Hale, Austin
1980Person markers: Finite conjunct and disjunct forms in Newari. In Papers in South-east Asian Linguistics 7 [Pacific Linguistics Series A. No. 53], Ronald L. Trail (ed.), 95–106. Canberra: Australian National University.
Janhunen, Juha
2005The role of Turkic languages in the Amdo Sprachbund. In Turks and Non-Turks. Studies in the History of Linguistic and Cultural Contacts [Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia 10], Ewa Siemienic-Golaš & Marzanna Pomorska (eds), 113–122. Kraków: Institute of Oriental Philology, Jagiellonian University.
Janhunen, Juha
2007Typological interaction in the Qinghai linguistic complex. Studia Orientalia 101: 85–102.
Janhunen, Juha
2012. On the hierarchy of structural convergence in the Amdo Sprachbund.In Pirkko Suihkonen, Bernard Comrie and P. Solovyev eds. Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations: A Cross-Linguistic Typology 177 189 Amsterdam John Benjamin's
2008Wutun [Languages of the World/Materials 466]. Munich: Lincom.
Lee-Smith, Mei W. & Wurm, Stephen A.
1996The Wutun Language. In Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas [Trends in Linguistics. Documentation 13, Vol. II(2)], Stephen A. Wurm, Peter Mühlhäusler & Darrell R. Tryon (eds), 883–897. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Li, Charles N.
1983Languages in contact in Western China. Papers in East Asian Languages 1: 31–51.
Li, Charles N.
1984From verb-medial analytic language to verb-final synthetic language: A case of typological change. In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Claudia Brugman & Monica Macaulay (eds), 307–323. Berkeley CA: BLS.
Li, Charles N.
1986The rise and fall of tones through diffusion (1). In Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, Vassiliki Nikoforidou, Mary VanClay, Mary Niepokuj & Debora Feder, 307–323. Berkeley CA: BLS.
Li, Charles N. & Thompson, Sandra A.
1981Mandarin Chinese. A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
Loughnane, Robyn
2009A Grammar of Oksapmin. PhD dissertation, University of Melbourne.
Mithun, Marianne
1999The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roos, Martina Erica
2000The Western Yughur (Yellow Uygur) Language. Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. PhD dissertation, University of Leiden.
Sandman, Erika
2012Bonan grammatical features in Wutun Mandarin. In Per Urales ad Orientem. Iter Polyphonicum Multilingue. Festskrift tillägnad Juha Janhunen på hans sextioårsdag den 12 februari 2012 [Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 264], Tiina Hyytiäinen, Janne Saarikivi, Lotta Jalava & Erika Sandman (eds), 375–387. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.
Sandman, Erika
2016A Grammar of Wutun. PhD dissertation, University of Helsinki.
San Roque, Lila
2008An Introduction to Duna Grammar. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.
San Roque, Lila & Loughnane, Robyn
2012The New Guinea Highlands evidentiality area. Linguistic Typology 16: 111–167.
Slater, Keith
2003A Grammar of Mangghuer. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Sun, Jackson T.S.
1993Evidentials in Amdo Tibetan. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 63(4): 945–1001.
Tournadre, Nicholas
2008Arguments against the concept of ‘conjunct’/’disjunct’ in Tibetan. In Chomolangma, Demawend und Kasbek: Festschrift für Roland Bielmeier zu seinem 65. Geburtstag, Brigitte Huber, Marianne Volkart, Paul Widmer & Peter Schwieger (eds), 281–308. Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
Willis, Christina M.
2007Evidentiality in Darma. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 30(2): 89–124.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.