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Part of
Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony
Edited by Sonia Cristofaro and Fernando Zúñiga
[Typological Studies in Language 121] 2018
► pp. 29–58

Chapter 1
Evolutionary Phonology and the life cycle of voiceless sonorants

| The Graduate Center, CUNY
In this chapter I examine the phonetic origins of voiceless sonorants cross-linguistically within the general framework of Evolutionary Phonology (Blevins 2004; 2006; 2008b; 2015). In terms of a general hierarchy of contrast, we observe that: voiceless obstruents are common; voiceless sonorant consonants are uncommon; voiceless vowels are extremely rare. One phonetic source of voiceless sonorants is coarticulation in RH and HR and clusters, where R is a sonorant and H is a segment produced with a spread glottal gesture. Voiceless sonorants may also arise when laryngeal spreading gestures are associated with prosodic domains. In this second case, voiceless sonorants can arise as allophones of their voiced counterparts. While a fair number of languages show voiceless sonorant glides, liquids and nasals phonologized as a consequence  of RH/HR coarticulation, voiceless vowels resist phonologization despite their high frequency as phonetic variants of modal vowels. In some cases, voiceless vowels are lost before phonologization can occur. In other cases, resistance to phonologization may be due to effects of analogy, /h/, word phonotactics, or lexical competition.
Keywords: voiceless vowels, voiceless sonorants, sound change, phonologization, phonetic explanation
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Voiceless sonorants as contrastive segment types
  • 3.Historical sources of voiceless sonorants
    • 3.1Voiceless sonorants via RH, HR coarticulation
    • 3.2Voiceless sonorants via phrase-final devoicing
  • 4. Structural factors in the maintenance of voiceless vowels
    • 4.1 The role of analogy
    • 4.2The role of /h/
    • 4.3Phonotactics and morphotactics
    • 4.4Lexical competition
  • 5.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 26 July 2018
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.121.01ble
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