Cover not available
Part of
Nominalization in Languages of the Americas
Edited by Roberto Zariquiey, Masayoshi Shibatani and David W. Fleck
[Typological Studies in Language 124] 2019
► pp. 419–454

Chapter 11
Form and functions of nominalization in Wampis

| Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

This paper examines the main morphosyntatic and functional properties of nominalization in Wampis, a Jivaroan (or Chicham) language spoken in Peru. In addition to having derivational properties, nominalized structures are used extensively in Wampis for a variety of functions, including relativization and complementation. This paper also shows that nominalized stems are expanding their functions to those equivalent to predicating structures, such that they are able to predicate on their own and receive finite verbal morphology.

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background and grammatical sketch
    • 2.1Parts of speech
      • 2.1.1Adjectives
      • 2.1.2Nouns and noun phrases
      • 2.1.3Verbs
    • 2.2Finiteness and structure of the clause
  • 3.Overview of Wampis nominalizations
  • 4.Lexical nominalization
    • 4.1Set I Agentive S/A nominalizer -inu
    • 4.2Set I Future nominalizer -tinu
    • 4.3Set I Action nominalizer -ta
    • 4.4Set I Non-agentive nominalizer -taĩ
    • 4.5Set II Subject nominalizer -u
    • 4.6Set II Non-subject nominalizer -mau
  • 5.Grammatical nominalization: Structure and functions
    • 5.1Internal and external structure
    • 5.2Relativization
      • 5.2.1Non-future relativization
      • 5.2.2Future relativization
    • 5.3Nominalizations as arguments
      • 5.3.1Complementation
      • 5.3.2Complements of verbs of movement
    • 5.4Adverbial modification
      • 5.4.1Temporal and reason modification with -mau =nVma
      • 5.4.2Purpose modification with Set I future nominalizer -tinu
    • 5.5Copy-verb construction
    • 5.6Main clause constructions involving nominalizations
      • 5.6.1Indefinite/Distant future with Set I future nominalizer -tinu
      • 5.6.2Habitualness with Set I S/A nominalizer -inu
      • 5.6.3Habitual Past=hak with Set II -u and -mau
      • 5.6.4Potential and deontic sense V-mai + Set I -inu
      • 5.6.5Normative with Set I non-agentive -taĩ
  • 6.From nominalizations to finite structures
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Abbreviations
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 8 August 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.124.11pen
References
Ahland, Michael
2015 The development of finite verbs from nominalized structures in Northern Mao. Paper presented at the 46th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, University of Oregon.
Bybee, Joan, Perkins, Revere & Pagliuca, William
1994 The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Comrie, Bernard
1978 Ergativity. In Syntactic Typology: Studies in the Phenomenology of Language, Winfred P. Lehmann (ed.), 329–334. Austin TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Cristofaro, Sonia
2007 Deconstructing categories: Finiteness in a functional-typological perspective. In Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations, Irina Nikolaeva (ed.), 91–114. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
DeLancey, Scott
1986 Relativization as nominalization in Tibetan and Newari. Paper presented at the 19th International Conference of Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics.
1999 Relativization in Tibetan. In Studies in Nepalese Linguistics, Yogendra Yadava & Warren Glover (eds), 231–249. Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy.Google Scholar
2011 Finite structures from clausal nominalization in Tibeto-Burman. In Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and Typological Perspectives [Typological Studies in Language 96], Foong Ha Yap, Karen Grunow-Hårsta & Janick Wrona (eds), 343–360. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dixon, Robert M.W
2006 Complement clauses and complementation strategies in typological perspective. In Complementation: A Cross-linguistic Perspective, Robert M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds), 1–48. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Evans, Nicholas
2007 Insubordination and its uses. In Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations, Irina Nikolaeva (ed.), 366–431. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Fast, Gerhard, Warkentin de Fast, Ruby & Fast Warkentin, Daniel
1996 Diccionario Achuar-Shiwiar~Castellano, 2 edn. Yarinacocha: Ministerio de Educación/Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.Google Scholar
Genetti, Carol, Coupe, Alexander R., Bartee, Ellen, Hildebrandt, Kristine & You-Jing, Lin
2008 Syntactic aspects of nominalization in five Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayan area. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 31(2): 97–143.Google Scholar
Gildea, Spike
2008 Explaining similarities between main clauses and nominalized phrases. In La structure des langues amazoniennes, Ana Carla Bruno, Frantomé Pacheco, Francesc Queixalós & Leo Wetzels (eds). Amerindia 32: 57–75.Google Scholar
Givón, T.
2002 Syntax: An Introduction, Vol. II. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
2012 Toward a diachronic typology of relative clause. In Relative Clauses in Languages of the Americas: A Typological Overview [Typological Studies in Language 102], Bernard Comrie & Zarina Estrada-Fernández (eds), 3–26. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goldenberg, Gideon
1998 Tautological infinitive. In Studies in Semitic Linguistics: Selected Writings, 36–85. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University.Google Scholar
Good, Jeff
2003 Clause combining in Chechen. Studies in Language 27(1): 113–170. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P.
2005 The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar: Typological characteristics. In The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar, Alexander Adelaar & Nikolaus P. Himmelmann (eds), 110–181. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jakway, Martha, Horacio, Lorenzo C. & Arturo, Antonio A.
1987 Vocabulario huambisa, 2 edn. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa: Ministerio de educación/Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.Google Scholar
Katan Jua, Tuntiak
2011 Ii chichame unuimiamu / Investigando nuestra lengua / Investigating our language: Shuar Chicham. In Endangered languages: Voices and images. Proceedings of the FEL XV Annual Conference, Marleen Haboud & Nicholas Ostler (eds), 103–105. Bath: Foundation for Endangered Languages.Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward L.
1985 Relative clauses. In Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. II: Complex Constructions, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 141–170. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Matissof, James A.
1972 Lahu nominalization, relativization, and genitivization. In Syntax and Semantics, John P. Kimball (ed.), 237–357. New York NY: Seminar Press.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, Irina
(ed.) 2007 Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Noonan, Michael
1985 Complementation. In Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. II: Complex Constructions, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 42–140. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
1997 Versatile nominalizations. In Essays on Language Function and Language Type: Dedicated to T. Givón, Joan Bybee, John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds), 373–394. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Overall, Simon
2007 A grammar of Aguaruna. PhD dissertation, La Trobe University.
2014 Nominalization, knowledge, and information source in Aguaruna (Jivaroan). In The Grammar of Knowledge: A Cross-linguistic Typology, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & Robert M. W. Dixon (eds), 227–244. Oxford: OUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pellizaro, Siro M. & Fausto Oswaldo Náwech
2005 Chicham: Diccionario shuar-castellano. Quito: Abya-Yala.Google Scholar
Peña, Jaime
2015 A grammar of Wampis. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon.Google Scholar
Schmidtke-Bode, Karsten
2009 A Typology of Purpose Clauses [Typological Studies in Language 88]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shibatani, Masayoshi
2009 Elements of complex structures – where recursion isn’t: The case of relativization. In Syntactic Complexity: Diachrony, Acquisition, Neuro-cognition, Evolution, [Typological Studies in Language 85], T. Givón & Masayoshi Shibatani (eds), 163–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yap, Foon Ha, Karen Grunow-Hårsta & Janick Wrona
2011 Introduction: Nominalization strategies in Asian languages. In Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and Typological Perspectives [Typological Studies in Language 96], 1–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar