Several Nakh-Daghestanian languages present
constructions that are candidate antipassives, in that the
construction is intransitive and is (at least sometimes) related to
a corresponding transitive construction, with A of the transitive
construction appearing as S of the intransitive, and P of the
transitive either corresponding to an oblique in the intransitive or
being omitted. All Nakh-Daghestanian antipassives are lexically
restricted, and their function is typically to shift aspectual value
in the direction of durativity, atelicity, iterativity, etc.
However, only Dargwa restricts the construction to transitive verbs,
while other languages also allow it with intransitive verbs, in
which case there is no change in argument structure. We explore the
implications of this for the definition of “antipassive” from the
perspective of canonical typology.
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