Cover not available
Part of
The Linguistics of Olfaction: Typological and Diachronic Approaches to Synchronic Diversity
Edited by Łukasz Jędrzejowski and Przemysław Staniewski
[Typological Studies in Language 131] 2021
► pp. 449–474

Typology of metaphors with the olfactory target domain in the Polish perfumery discourse

| University of Warsaw
| University of Warsaw
The relative scarcity of lexical olfactory field in Polish makes it difficult to describe the complex and subjective sensation of smell. Unsurprisingly, the Polish perfumery discourse is permeated with various types of metaphors. This chapter proposes a typology of metaphors on the basis of excerpts from the Synamet–Polish corpus of synesthetic metaphors. The annotation of a metaphorical unit in Synamet is based on Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Fillmorean Frame Semantics. We distinguish several atypical metaphors: (i) mixed metaphors, i.e. metaphors involving several source frames; (ii) “entangled” metaphors, where syntactic dependencies in a metaphorical phrase conflict with the semantic relations between the elements; and (iii) narrative metaphors that exceed the boundaries of one sentence.
Keywords: synesthesia, olfactory metaphors, metaphor typology, corpus, perfumery discourse
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Method
    • 2.1Corpus
    • 2.2Types of synesthetic metaphors
    • 2.3Method of analysis
  • 3.Results
    • 3.1Perfumery discourse in the Synamet corpus – Statistics
    • 3.2Atypical metaphors in the corpus
      • 3.2.1Mixed metaphors
      • 3.2.2Entangled metaphors
      • 3.2.3Narrative (extended) metaphors
  • 4.Discussion
    • 4.1Mixed metaphors
    • 4.2Entangled metaphors
    • 4.3Narrative (extended) metaphors
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Abbreviations
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 26 April 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.131.15zaw
References (47)
References
Badyda, Ewa. 2013. “Upadły anioł zmysłów”? Metaforyka zapachu i percepcji węchowej we współczesnej polszczyźnie (“Fallen Angel of the Senses”? Imagery of Smell and Olfactory Perception in the Contemporary Polish). Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.Google Scholar
Bugajski, Marian. 2004. Jak pachnie rezeda. Lingwistyczne studium zapachów (How Mignonette Smells. Linguistic Study of Smells). Wrocław: Atut.Google Scholar
Bushdid, Caroline, Magnasco, Marcelo O., Vosshall, Leslie B. & Keller, Asaf. 2014. Humans can discriminate more than 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. Science 343(6177): 1370–1372.
Burenhult, Niclas & Majid, Asifa. 2011. Olfaction in Aslian ideology and language. The Senses and Society 6(1): 19–29. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Buttler, Danuta. 1978. Rozwój semantyczny wyrazów polskich (Semantic Development of Polish Words). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar
Cain, Wiliam S. 2012. History of research on smell. In Handbook of Perception, Vol. VIa: Tasting and Smelling, Edward C. Carterette & Morton P. Friedman (eds), 197–229. New York NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, E. Leslie, Anderson, Matthew R. & Møller, Per. 2016. The accuracy, consistency, and speed of odor and picture naming. Chemosensory Perception 9(2): 69–78. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Classen, Constance. 1993. Worlds of Sense. Exploring the Senses in History and Across Cultures. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Coulson, Seana. 2001. Semantic Leaps. Frame-Shifting and Conceptual Blending in Meaning. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Crisp, Peter. 2008. Between extended metaphor and allegory: Is blending enough? Language and Literature 17(4): 291–308. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Crisp, Peter, Heywood, John & Steen, Gerard. 2002. Metaphor identification and analysis, classification and quantification. Language and Literature 11(1): 55–69. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dancygier, Barbara & Sweetser, Eve. 2014. Figurative Language [Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics]. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Dubois, Danièle & Rouby, Catherine. 2002. Names and categories for odors: The veridical label. In Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition, Catherine Rouby, Benoist Schaal, Danièle Dubois, Remi Gervais & André Holley (eds), 47–66. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dziwirek, Katarzyna. 2016. Smell in Polish: Lexical semantics and cultural values. Journal of Slavic Linguistics 24(2): 274–299. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fauconnier, Gilles & Turner, Mark. 2008. The Way We Think: Conceptual Integration and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities. New York NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Fillmore, Charles. 1982. Frame semantics. In Linguistics in the Morning Calm, The Linguistics Society of Korea (ed.), 111–137. Seoul: Hanshin.Google Scholar
Gibbs,Jr., Raymond W. & Lonergan, Julia E. 2009. Studying metaphor in discourse: Some lessons, challenges and new data. In Metaphor and Discourse, Andreas Musolff & Jörg Zinken (eds), 251–261. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gibbs,Jr., Raymond W. (ed.). 2016. Mixing Metaphor [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication 6]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2017. Metaphor Wars. Conceptual Metaphors in Human Life. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grzegorczykowa, Renata. 2012. Określenia percepcji węchowej w języku polskim (Describing olfactory perception in the Polish language). In Świat widziany poprzez słowa. Szkice z semantyki leksykalnej, Renata Grzegorczykowa & Agnieszka Mikołajczuk (eds), 160–168. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar
Holz, Peter. 2007. Cognition, olfaction and linguistic creativity. Linguistic synesthesia as poetic device in cologne advertising. In Speaking of Colors and Odors [Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research 8], Martina Plümacher & Peter Holz (eds), 185–202. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide. 2013. The power of the senses and the role of culture in metaphor and language. In Sensuous Cognition: Explorations into Human Sentience: Imagination, (E)Motion and Perception [Applications in Cognitive Linguistics 22], Rosario Caballero & Javier E. Díaz-Vera (eds), 109–133. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jönsson, Fredrik U. & Olsson, Mats J. 2012. Knowing what we smell. In Olfactory Cognition. From Perception and Memory to Environmental Odours and Neuroscience [Advances in Consciousness Research 85], Gesualdo M. Zucco, Rachel S. Herz & Benoist Schaal (eds), 115–133. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jönsson, Fredrik U., Tchekhova, Antoinette, Lönner, Pär & Olsson, Mats J. 2005. A metamemory perspective on odor naming and identification. Chemical Senses 30(4): 353–365. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kimmel, Michael. 2010. Why we mix metaphors (and mix them well): Discourse coherence, conceptual metaphor, and beyond. Journal of Pragmatics 42(1): 97–115. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kokoszka, Magdalena. 2013. Leśmian i magia zapachów (Leśmian and the magic of smells). Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze 4: 277–287. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kövecses, Zoltan. 2016. A view of “mixed metaphors” within a conceptual metaphor theory framework. In Mixing Metaphor [Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication 6], Raymond W. GibbsJr. (ed.), 1–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kozłowska, Zofia. 2016. Zapach idei. Synestezja i ideastezja w “Correspondances” Charles’a Baudelaire’a (The smell of idea. Synesthesia and ideasthesia in “Correspondances” by Charles Baudelaire). Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka 26: 299–316. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, George & Johnson, Mark. 2008[1980]. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Le Guérer, Annick. 2002. Olfaction and cognition: A philosophical and psychoanalytic view. In Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition, Catherine Rouby, Benoist Schaal, Danièle Dubois, Remi Gervais & André Holley (eds), 3–15. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Majid, Asifa & Burenhult, Niclas. 2014. Odors are expressible in language, as long as you speak the right language. Cognition 130(2): 266–270. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pisarkowa, Krystyna. 1972. Szkic pola semantycznego zapachów w polszczyźnie (An outline of the semantic field of smells in Polish). Język Polski LII (5): 330–339.Google Scholar
Popova, Yanna B. 2003. ‘The fool sees with his nose’: Metaphoric mappings in the sense of smell in Patrick Süskind’s “Perfume”. Language and Literature 12(2): 135–151. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Samsel, Justyna. 2012. Świat zapachów w opowiadaniach Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza (The world of smells in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s stories). Białostockie Archiwum Językowe 12: 197–214. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schaal, Benoist, Rouby, Catherine, Marlier, Luc, Soussignan, Robert, Kontar, Fayez & Tremblay, Richard E. 1998. Variabilité et universaux au sein de l’espace perçu des odeurs: Approaches interculturelles de l’hédonisme olfactif. In Géographie des odeurs, Robert Dulau & Jean-Robert Pitte (eds), 143–165. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Steen, Gerard. 2008. The paradox of metaphor: Why we need a three-dimensional model of metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol 23(4): 213–241. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Szwedek, Aleksander. 2011. The ultimate source domain. Review of Cognitive Linguistics. Published under the auspices of the Spanish Cognitive Linguistics Association 9(2): 341–366. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ullmann, Stephen. 1961. The Principles of Semantics. Glasgow: Jackson, Son & Company.Google Scholar
Velasco-Sacristán, Marisol & Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro A. 2006. Olfactory and olfactory-mixed metaphors in print ads of perfume. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4(1): 217–252. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Werning, Marcus, Fleischhauer, Jens & Beşeoğlu, Hakan. 2006. The cognitive accessibility of synaesthetic metaphors. In Proceedings of the Twenty Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Ron Sun & Naomi Miyake (eds), 2365–2370. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Werth, Paul. 1994. Extended metaphor – A text-world account. Language and Literature 3(2): 79–103. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Williams, Joseph M. 1976. Synesthetic adjectives: A possible law of semantic change. Language 52(2): 461–478. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Witucka, Magda. 1998. Jak opisuje się zapachy w reklamie perfum? (How does one describe smells in cologne advertising?). Poradnik Językowy 3: 1–8.Google Scholar
Wnuk, Ewelina & Majid, Asifa. 2014. Revisiting the limits of language: The odor lexicon of Maniq. Cognition 131(1): 125–138. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yeshurun, Yaara & Sobel, Noam. 2010. An odor is not worth a thousand words: From multidimensional odors to unidimensional odor objects. Annual Review of Psychology 61: 219–241. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zawisławska, Magdalena. 2012. Sposoby opisu zapachu perfum (na przykładzie wybranych tekstów z blogów) (Describing smells of perfume (as exemplified by selected blog texts)). In Odkrywanie znaczeń w języku, Krystyna Waszakowa & Agnieszka Mikołajczuk (eds), 215–227. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar
. 2019. Metaphor and Senses: The Synamet Corpus: A Polish Resource for Synesthetic Metaphors. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Cited by (2)

Cited by two other publications

Galac, Ádám
2024. Bold colors, sweeping melodies, offensive smells. International Journal of Language and Culture 11:1 ► pp. 58 ff. DOI logo
Gao, Beiyao, Lijuan Guo, Li Zhao, Yajing Duan, Siyuan Wang, Shuang Zheng & Wenhui Chen
2023. Case Report of a Successfully Treated Scopulariopsis Infection in a Bilateral Lung Transplant Recipient. Experimental and Clinical Transplantation 21:3 ► pp. 275 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.